基于本体的农业物联网信息智能管理机制研究
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摘要
农业信息智能管理是农业信息化研究的一个重要分支和热点。农业物联网是物联网技术在农业方面的拓展和应用,在农业物联网背景下,人、机、物三者全面联通、智能交互,它的发展和应用为农业信息管理带来前所未有的机遇,但也带来挑战。一方面,由于农业物联网物理性能的局限性和外部环境的动态变化性,其所获取的信息常带有显著的不确定性。另一方,由于农业物联网结构的开放性、分布性、异构性引起信息表示形式多样化。这些特征给包括农业信息、描述表达、分析和加工、信息利用和服务等方面的农业信息管理带来较大影响。因而,加强对农业物联网信息管理的研究,对于促进农业信息智能管理研究和推进农业信息化发展具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。
本体是精确的概念化规范,在知识信息描述表达、分类及相关计算方面具有独到优势。本文引入本体技术,结合神经网络等智能计算技术,研究农业物联网信息智能获取、描述表达、分析和融合加工问题,提出基于本体的农业物联网信息智能管理机制,并以稻田养鸭生态种养物联网应用为例进行了技术实现。本文的主要工作有：
1)在分析农业物联网信息类型、特征的基础上,提出农业物联网信息应该包括上下文信息和相关领域知识信息,应该促进二者相互转化的观点；
2)探索了农业物联网信息获取的一般途径和模式,提出了基于本体的农业物联网信息获取和描述表达模型,并以实例说明了农业物联网上下文本体构建和信息描述方法；
3)针对农业物联网信息、的异构性、不确定性和表现形式多样性等特征,在分析常用信息融合方法的基础上,提出了基于本体和神经网络的农业物联网信息融合方法和框架,以提高信息的精确化管理水平；
4)在分析和总结物联网环境下农业信息智能管理新需求的基础上,提出了基于本体的农业物联网信息智能管理机制,提炼出基于本体的需求-功能-应用模型(ODFA模型),注重实现信息利用需求、农业物联网信息、系统功能和信息服务应用三者无缝衔接与有机结合；提出农业物联网信息智能管理除了技术实现外,还需形成配套管理方法和激励机制的观点,并研究推进农业信息化管理的对策和形成农业信息化管理的激励机制；
5)提出基于本体的农业物联网信息利用需求模型、农业物联网交互式信息服务模型,探讨了个性化信息推送模式、自助式信息、服务模式和混合式信息服务等三种农业物联网信息服务模式,并以所提出的模型、信息管理机制和服务模式等为基础,设计和实现了一个基于网络的农业物联网信息管理与服务平台；
6)以稻田养鸭生态种养物联网应用为例,进行农业物联网信息智能管理关键技术实现,深入研究鸭子喂食机器人电子小车的软硬件设计和实现问题。
本研究综合应用了信息技术和农学、管理学等学科知识,具有较好的理论意义和实际应用价值。
The agricultural information intelligent management is an important branch and hotspot of the research on agricultural informationization. The Agricultural Internet of Things (AlOT) is the development and application of the Internet of Things (IOT) in agriculture. Under the background of AIOT, the humans, machines and things are completely connected with one another for intelligent interaction. So the development and application of IOT will bring opportunities that have never been seen before to agricultural information management. However, great challenges will also be brought to us. On the one hand, AIOT information is often characterized with its conspicuous uncertainty due to physical property limitations of AIOT and the dynamic changing of the outer environment, on the other hand, AIOT information is heterogeneous in representation because of the open-end, distributivity and heterogeneity of AIOT structure. The two factors may to large degree affect the agricultural information management, including information representation, analysis and processing, information utilizing and information services. Therefore, it is very important both theoretically and in reality to strengthen the research on AIOT information management in the promotion of agricultural information intelligent management and the development of agricultural informationization.
An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization, and it has unique advantages in knowledge and information representation and description, classification and relative calculations. So, the technology of ontology is adopted in this thesis to combine with such intelligent computing technologies as Neural Networks and so on to study on the intelligent capture, representation, analysis and fusion processing of AIOT information. Then the ontology-based mechanism of AIOT information intelligent management is proposed. Finally, it is exemplified with the application of IOT in the rice-duck complex agro-ecosystem. The following subjects are mainly studied and emphasized.
1) Based on the analysis of the types and features of AIOT information, a novel viewpoint is proposed that AIOT information is composed of context information and relative domain knowledge and information, and that the two types of information ought to be changed into each other;
2) After exploring the common means and models of AIOT information capture, an AIOT information captive and representation model is proposed. And the method of AIOT context modeling and representing is implemented in actual examples.
3) In view of the features such as heterogeneity, uncertainty and the diversified representative forms of AIOT information, based on the analysis of the traditional methods of information fusion, an AIOT information fusion method based on the hybrid algorithm of ontology and neural networks and architecture is proposed in order to raise the level of information accurate management.
4) After analysis and summary of new demands of agricultural information intelligent management under the environment of IOT, an ontology-based AIOT information intelligent management mechanism is proposed. And an ontology-based Demands-Functions-Applications models (ODFA) is proposed, focusing on the implementation of the seamless connection and combination of the demands of information utilizing, the function of AIOT information system and information services. Then, it is emphasized that besides technique realization, a series o f supporting management means and inspiriting mechanism should be established and formed as well. Finally, the measures and steps to promote the agricultural informationization management and establish inspiriting mechanism are proposed.
5) An ontology based AIOT information utilizing model and an AIOT interactive information service model are proposed. And three AIOT information service patterns are discussed, including personalized information pushing services, self-service of information pulling, and the hybrid of the above two patterns. On the basis of the proposed models, information management mechanisms and service patterns, an AIOT information management and service platform is designed and implemented.
6) It is exemplified with the application of IOT in the rice-duck complex agro-ecosystem to verify the AIOT information intelligent management. And a self-made duck feeding robot electric car is designed and implemented both in system software and hardware.
The studies in this thesis cover IT and some domain knowledge in agriculture, management, etc. The achievements are promising with some theoretical and applied value.
本体是精确的概念化规范,在知识信息描述表达、分类及相关计算方面具有独到优势。本文引入本体技术,结合神经网络等智能计算技术,研究农业物联网信息智能获取、描述表达、分析和融合加工问题,提出基于本体的农业物联网信息智能管理机制,并以稻田养鸭生态种养物联网应用为例进行了技术实现。本文的主要工作有：
1)在分析农业物联网信息类型、特征的基础上,提出农业物联网信息应该包括上下文信息和相关领域知识信息,应该促进二者相互转化的观点；
2)探索了农业物联网信息获取的一般途径和模式,提出了基于本体的农业物联网信息获取和描述表达模型,并以实例说明了农业物联网上下文本体构建和信息描述方法；
3)针对农业物联网信息、的异构性、不确定性和表现形式多样性等特征,在分析常用信息融合方法的基础上,提出了基于本体和神经网络的农业物联网信息融合方法和框架,以提高信息的精确化管理水平；
4)在分析和总结物联网环境下农业信息智能管理新需求的基础上,提出了基于本体的农业物联网信息智能管理机制,提炼出基于本体的需求-功能-应用模型(ODFA模型),注重实现信息利用需求、农业物联网信息、系统功能和信息服务应用三者无缝衔接与有机结合；提出农业物联网信息智能管理除了技术实现外,还需形成配套管理方法和激励机制的观点,并研究推进农业信息化管理的对策和形成农业信息化管理的激励机制；
5)提出基于本体的农业物联网信息利用需求模型、农业物联网交互式信息服务模型,探讨了个性化信息推送模式、自助式信息、服务模式和混合式信息服务等三种农业物联网信息服务模式,并以所提出的模型、信息管理机制和服务模式等为基础,设计和实现了一个基于网络的农业物联网信息管理与服务平台；
6)以稻田养鸭生态种养物联网应用为例,进行农业物联网信息智能管理关键技术实现,深入研究鸭子喂食机器人电子小车的软硬件设计和实现问题。
本研究综合应用了信息技术和农学、管理学等学科知识,具有较好的理论意义和实际应用价值。
The agricultural information intelligent management is an important branch and hotspot of the research on agricultural informationization. The Agricultural Internet of Things (AlOT) is the development and application of the Internet of Things (IOT) in agriculture. Under the background of AIOT, the humans, machines and things are completely connected with one another for intelligent interaction. So the development and application of IOT will bring opportunities that have never been seen before to agricultural information management. However, great challenges will also be brought to us. On the one hand, AIOT information is often characterized with its conspicuous uncertainty due to physical property limitations of AIOT and the dynamic changing of the outer environment, on the other hand, AIOT information is heterogeneous in representation because of the open-end, distributivity and heterogeneity of AIOT structure. The two factors may to large degree affect the agricultural information management, including information representation, analysis and processing, information utilizing and information services. Therefore, it is very important both theoretically and in reality to strengthen the research on AIOT information management in the promotion of agricultural information intelligent management and the development of agricultural informationization.
An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization, and it has unique advantages in knowledge and information representation and description, classification and relative calculations. So, the technology of ontology is adopted in this thesis to combine with such intelligent computing technologies as Neural Networks and so on to study on the intelligent capture, representation, analysis and fusion processing of AIOT information. Then the ontology-based mechanism of AIOT information intelligent management is proposed. Finally, it is exemplified with the application of IOT in the rice-duck complex agro-ecosystem. The following subjects are mainly studied and emphasized.
1) Based on the analysis of the types and features of AIOT information, a novel viewpoint is proposed that AIOT information is composed of context information and relative domain knowledge and information, and that the two types of information ought to be changed into each other;
2) After exploring the common means and models of AIOT information capture, an AIOT information captive and representation model is proposed. And the method of AIOT context modeling and representing is implemented in actual examples.
3) In view of the features such as heterogeneity, uncertainty and the diversified representative forms of AIOT information, based on the analysis of the traditional methods of information fusion, an AIOT information fusion method based on the hybrid algorithm of ontology and neural networks and architecture is proposed in order to raise the level of information accurate management.
4) After analysis and summary of new demands of agricultural information intelligent management under the environment of IOT, an ontology-based AIOT information intelligent management mechanism is proposed. And an ontology-based Demands-Functions-Applications models (ODFA) is proposed, focusing on the implementation of the seamless connection and combination of the demands of information utilizing, the function of AIOT information system and information services. Then, it is emphasized that besides technique realization, a series o f supporting management means and inspiriting mechanism should be established and formed as well. Finally, the measures and steps to promote the agricultural informationization management and establish inspiriting mechanism are proposed.
5) An ontology based AIOT information utilizing model and an AIOT interactive information service model are proposed. And three AIOT information service patterns are discussed, including personalized information pushing services, self-service of information pulling, and the hybrid of the above two patterns. On the basis of the proposed models, information management mechanisms and service patterns, an AIOT information management and service platform is designed and implemented.
6) It is exemplified with the application of IOT in the rice-duck complex agro-ecosystem to verify the AIOT information intelligent management. And a self-made duck feeding robot electric car is designed and implemented both in system software and hardware.
The studies in this thesis cover IT and some domain knowledge in agriculture, management, etc. The achievements are promising with some theoretical and applied value.
引文
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