农技推广知识服务系统的研究与实现
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摘要
农技推广是推进我国农业发展，实现农业现代化和保证国家粮食安全的重要手段。然而，目前我国农业科技成果转化率还远低于发达国家，农技推广公共服务能力相对薄弱。其中一个重要原因是农技推广技术人员的知识水平跟不上农业技术发展的需要，农技员在推广服务时缺少有效的信息工具和技术手段。本文以知识服务为理论基础，深入分析了我国农技推广中存在的问题，并利用计算机技术和信息技术为基层农技员和农户设计一套可以实时提供准确农业知识资源的知识服务系统，并将该系统应用到全国基层农技推广服务平台中进行实践验证。论文主要在以下几个方面进行了创新性地探索和研究：
一、在分析农业知识结构和特点的基础上，采用一种框架型和粗糙集相结合的混合方式对农技知识进行表达，并收集大量农业相关的科技资料和信息形成一套较完备农业领域知识库。农业知识库分类清晰，准确可靠，可用度高，专业性强并易于管理，可以让农技推广人员对所需要的知识进行查询和使用，并为后续科研和农技信息化工作提供基础数据。
二、实现农技推广工作中知识经验的挖掘和管理，为农技服务人员提供参考并提高农技推广的服务效率和质量，同时增加农业知识的创新和复用。利用农技电子处方模块，对现有的农技工作中的记录和相关经验进行归纳和总结，通过推理机制和挖掘算法进行知识关联和提炼，将农技员和专家在推广工作中的隐性知识通过系统表达出来，实现知识内容的创新和隐性知识显性化，不断地将新的知识元补充到知识库中形成动态知识库。
三、通过知识推荐模块设计和推荐算法研究，把最适合的农技知识内容推荐给平台的用户。首先对用户的基本信息和操作日志进行挖掘，在此基础上形成用户的显性和隐性知识兴趣标签，通过推荐算法和知识内容的标签进行比对，并最终确定用户的知识内容推荐集合，并在移动手机端进行展现，解决当前农技推广人员知识、技能匮乏，工作效率低下等问题。
四、从农技员的知识内容需求和服务模式的分析入手，针对我国基层农技推广中存在的问题，以知识表达-知识库构建-知识推荐服务为设计思路，在农技信息化平台中对农技知识服务相关模块进行系统实现。最后以系统的运行和示范区试用的实际效果作为依据，对整个知识服务的研究进行总结。
本文从信息技术的角度对农业技术知识服务进行了深入的研究，重点讨论了我国农业技术推广中存在各类问题和知识服务所需要具备的条件以及具体的实现方式，并对农技知识服务系统和相关技术进行了实践验证。通过本文的研究，探索了适合我国基层农技推广的农业技术知识服务系统服务机制和关键技术，为我国农业信息化的进一步发展开拓思路积累经验，对现有的信息化系统进行了有益的补充。
Agricultural technology extension is the major method to promote the agriculture development,realize agricultural modernization and ensure national food security. However, our country agriculturescience and technology achievement conversion rate is still much lower than the developed countries,agricultural technology extension of public service capacity is weak relatively. One of the major reasonsis agricultural extension technician knowledge cannot keep up with the agricultural technicaldevelopment, agricultural extension technician are lack of effective information tools and techniquesduring service process.In this paper, based on the knowledge service as the theoretical basis and depthanalysis of the existing problems in China agricultural technology extension, and the use of advancedcomputer technology and information technology, provides real-time and accurate agriculturalknowledge resources for agricultural extension technician and agricultural users, design knowledgeservice system, and ultimately should be verified in practice use of National Agricultural TechnologyExtension Service platform. The paper focuses on the following several aspects for the innovativeexploration and research:
1. Based on the analysis of agricultural knowledge structure and characteristics, using a mixedknowledge expression method which is frame representation and rough set combined, and collectingagricultural science and technology related data and information to build up professional agriculturalknowledge database. The agricultural knowledge database is clearly classified, accuracy, reliability,professional, availability of high, and easy-to-use, which can be agricultural extension staff queried andprovide basic data for the further research and agricultural technology information work.
2. To provide reference to agricultural extension staff and improve agricultural extension serviceefficiency and quality, this paper realized knowledge experience mining and management duringagricultural extension and promote knowledge innovation and reuse. To summarize the concluded theexisting agricultural work records and relevant experience in agricultural extension with electronicprescription, The tacit knowledge has been expressed accurately in the system through knowledgemining algorithm and knowledge relevancy recommendation module. The tacit knowledge has beenCodifying and knowledge content innovation, and the new knowledge element will be stored in thedynamic knowledge database.
3. The suitable knowledge content will be recommended to the end users through recommendationalgorithm and knowledge recommendation module. Firstly user basic information and operation log willbe mining and the knowledge interest tag will be generated. Comparing with the knowledge content tag,the recommended knowledge recourses will be ultimately determined and displayed in the Androidsmart phone, in order to solve the current agricultural extension staff knowledge, skills shortage, lowefficiency and other problems.
4. Based on the analysis of agricultural technology technician knowledge demand and servicemode, focus on the problems in Chinese agricultural technology Extension, followed the knowledge expression, knowledge database build and knowledge recommendations, knowledge service modulewas build up in the Agricultural information platform. Finally, according to the actual effect and systemoperation in demonstration areas, the paper make some summarized conclusion for the research on theknowledge service.
This paper discusses the various existing problems in China agricultural technology extension,makes deep research on the agricultural technology knowledge service from the perspective ofinformation technology, analyzes the knowledge service requirments and the specific realizationmethods. This paper explored the suitable service mechanism and technology for China's agriculturaltechnology popularization of agricultural technology knowledge service system, Broaden the thinkingfor further development of agricultural informationization in China, accumulated experience andsupplements beneficial for existing information system.
一、在分析农业知识结构和特点的基础上，采用一种框架型和粗糙集相结合的混合方式对农技知识进行表达，并收集大量农业相关的科技资料和信息形成一套较完备农业领域知识库。农业知识库分类清晰，准确可靠，可用度高，专业性强并易于管理，可以让农技推广人员对所需要的知识进行查询和使用，并为后续科研和农技信息化工作提供基础数据。
二、实现农技推广工作中知识经验的挖掘和管理，为农技服务人员提供参考并提高农技推广的服务效率和质量，同时增加农业知识的创新和复用。利用农技电子处方模块，对现有的农技工作中的记录和相关经验进行归纳和总结，通过推理机制和挖掘算法进行知识关联和提炼，将农技员和专家在推广工作中的隐性知识通过系统表达出来，实现知识内容的创新和隐性知识显性化，不断地将新的知识元补充到知识库中形成动态知识库。
三、通过知识推荐模块设计和推荐算法研究，把最适合的农技知识内容推荐给平台的用户。首先对用户的基本信息和操作日志进行挖掘，在此基础上形成用户的显性和隐性知识兴趣标签，通过推荐算法和知识内容的标签进行比对，并最终确定用户的知识内容推荐集合，并在移动手机端进行展现，解决当前农技推广人员知识、技能匮乏，工作效率低下等问题。
四、从农技员的知识内容需求和服务模式的分析入手，针对我国基层农技推广中存在的问题，以知识表达-知识库构建-知识推荐服务为设计思路，在农技信息化平台中对农技知识服务相关模块进行系统实现。最后以系统的运行和示范区试用的实际效果作为依据，对整个知识服务的研究进行总结。
本文从信息技术的角度对农业技术知识服务进行了深入的研究，重点讨论了我国农业技术推广中存在各类问题和知识服务所需要具备的条件以及具体的实现方式，并对农技知识服务系统和相关技术进行了实践验证。通过本文的研究，探索了适合我国基层农技推广的农业技术知识服务系统服务机制和关键技术，为我国农业信息化的进一步发展开拓思路积累经验，对现有的信息化系统进行了有益的补充。
Agricultural technology extension is the major method to promote the agriculture development,realize agricultural modernization and ensure national food security. However, our country agriculturescience and technology achievement conversion rate is still much lower than the developed countries,agricultural technology extension of public service capacity is weak relatively. One of the major reasonsis agricultural extension technician knowledge cannot keep up with the agricultural technicaldevelopment, agricultural extension technician are lack of effective information tools and techniquesduring service process.In this paper, based on the knowledge service as the theoretical basis and depthanalysis of the existing problems in China agricultural technology extension, and the use of advancedcomputer technology and information technology, provides real-time and accurate agriculturalknowledge resources for agricultural extension technician and agricultural users, design knowledgeservice system, and ultimately should be verified in practice use of National Agricultural TechnologyExtension Service platform. The paper focuses on the following several aspects for the innovativeexploration and research:
1. Based on the analysis of agricultural knowledge structure and characteristics, using a mixedknowledge expression method which is frame representation and rough set combined, and collectingagricultural science and technology related data and information to build up professional agriculturalknowledge database. The agricultural knowledge database is clearly classified, accuracy, reliability,professional, availability of high, and easy-to-use, which can be agricultural extension staff queried andprovide basic data for the further research and agricultural technology information work.
2. To provide reference to agricultural extension staff and improve agricultural extension serviceefficiency and quality, this paper realized knowledge experience mining and management duringagricultural extension and promote knowledge innovation and reuse. To summarize the concluded theexisting agricultural work records and relevant experience in agricultural extension with electronicprescription, The tacit knowledge has been expressed accurately in the system through knowledgemining algorithm and knowledge relevancy recommendation module. The tacit knowledge has beenCodifying and knowledge content innovation, and the new knowledge element will be stored in thedynamic knowledge database.
3. The suitable knowledge content will be recommended to the end users through recommendationalgorithm and knowledge recommendation module. Firstly user basic information and operation log willbe mining and the knowledge interest tag will be generated. Comparing with the knowledge content tag,the recommended knowledge recourses will be ultimately determined and displayed in the Androidsmart phone, in order to solve the current agricultural extension staff knowledge, skills shortage, lowefficiency and other problems.
4. Based on the analysis of agricultural technology technician knowledge demand and servicemode, focus on the problems in Chinese agricultural technology Extension, followed the knowledge expression, knowledge database build and knowledge recommendations, knowledge service modulewas build up in the Agricultural information platform. Finally, according to the actual effect and systemoperation in demonstration areas, the paper make some summarized conclusion for the research on theknowledge service.
This paper discusses the various existing problems in China agricultural technology extension,makes deep research on the agricultural technology knowledge service from the perspective ofinformation technology, analyzes the knowledge service requirments and the specific realizationmethods. This paper explored the suitable service mechanism and technology for China's agriculturaltechnology popularization of agricultural technology knowledge service system, Broaden the thinkingfor further development of agricultural informationization in China, accumulated experience andsupplements beneficial for existing information system.
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