高校跨学科科研组织成长机制研究
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摘要
现代科学技术在不断分化的同时,学科间的交叉渗透态势也越来越明显。为适应科技内部各学科交叉渗透的综合化发展态势以及科技和经济一体化的时代需求,以跨学科的方式进行科技研发引起了人们的高度关注,尤其是跨学科科研组织已经成为今后一段时期科学研究的重要组织形式。然而,这一新型组织在管理上一直处于低效和自发的状态,尤其是许多隶属于高校的跨学科科研组织,一直处于不可持续的“病态”发展困境之中。跨学科科研组织的管理问题,一直困扰高校、研究院所以及相关的机构和管理部门;但是,管理学界一直没有对“跨学科科研组织”给予足够的关注,高水平成果不多。为此,深入开展关于跨学科科研组织的研究,既有极高的现实意义,又有重大理论意义。
基于“知识”和“制度”的视角,针对高校跨学科科研组织,本文研究了跨学科科研组织的成长机制,主要开展了如下几个方面的工作:
1.基于“智-情-知”视角,分析了跨学科科研组织的本质、活动主体和知识创新功能。本文把跨学科科研组织的主体(即科研人员)视为“智-情-知”活性系统;强调跨学科科研组是一类具有高复杂性的异质性知识耦合系统,通过对知识和知识的异质性的分析,借鉴温友奎和徐国华的“信息与知识变换”理论以及布鲁克斯(Brookes)方程,揭示了跨学科科研组织的知识创新机理。
2.提出了跨学科科研组织“选择力与优化力协同”成长模型。本文指出跨学科科研组织的成长的本质是范式和制度的构建和演进,分析了跨学科科研组织成长的阶段和动力;从知识创新的表象出发,构建了“选择力与优化力协同的成长模型”。
3.分阶段阐释了跨学科科研组织的成长机制。本文重点分析了跨学科科研组织创建的条件;借助Markov链理论,分析了跨学科科研组织范式的构建机理;借助于力场分析法和生态位理论,分析跨学科科研组织的转型机制。
4.针对我国高校跨学科科研组织建设中存在的问题,提出了若干对策。本文分析了我国跨学科科研组织的问题,并基于选择力与优化力协同原理,从如下四个方面提出了对策:第一,加强顶层设计,搞好体制调整;第二,改变管理观念,优化管理模式;第三,制定科学合理、切合实际、分类明晰评价体系;第四,强化跨学科科研组织内部管理。
With the disintegration of modern science and technology, the trend of the intersection between disciplines is becoming more and more evident. In order to be adapted to the comprehensive developments between disciplines inside science and technology, and meet the requirements of the integration of science and technology and economy, more and more emphases are placed upon scientific and technological developments in terms of interdisciplinary methods. What is more important is that the interdisciplinary organization has become an important organization form for scientific research in the future. However, this new type of organizations, especially those interdisciplinary organizations attached to higher institutions, have always been low-efficient and spontaneous, and have always been in the non-sustainable dilemma of development. The management of interdisciplinary organizations has always been disturbing higher institutions, research institutions and related organs and management branches. However, little focus has been placed upon“interdisciplinary scientific research organizations”, resulting in fewer high-level fruits. Thus, to make further studies of interdisciplinary scientific researches is not only important in terms of reality but also in theory.
Aim at interdisciplinary scientific research in higher institutions, based on knowledge and system and focusing on development mechanisms of interdisciplinary scientific research organizations, the thesis, makes a study of the following contents.
1. Analyzing the essence, participator, and function of knowledge creation in interdisciplinary scientific research from the perspective of intelligence-emotion -knowledge. It is supposed in the thesis that the participator of disciplinary scientific research organizations (i.e. scientific researchers) are the activated system of intelligence- emotion-knowledge, while interdisciplinary scientific research organizations are defined as a type of high-complex heterogeneous knowledge coupling system. By means of analysis of knowledge and the heterogeneous characteristics of knowledge and according to Wen Youkui and Xu Guohua’s theory of information and knowledge exchanging and Brookes’equation, the thesis reveals the knowledge creation mechanism in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations.
2. Points out the development models of coordination between capabilities to choose and optimize based on knowledge creation in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations. The thesis points out that the essence of growth of interdisciplinary scientific research organizations is a normal form and constructions of systems and their developments and it also makes analyses of stages and motives in the development of interdisciplinary scientific research organizations. Based on the surface of knowledge creation, development models of coordination between capabilities to choose and optimize are formed.
3. Analyses of development stages in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations based on sustainable development. The thesis is focused upon the analysis of conditions of establishment in interdisciplinary research organizations. With the aid of Markov Chain Theory, the thesis makes an analysis of the construction mechanism of the normal form in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations and of type transferring mechanism inside with the help of Force Field Analysis and Niche Theories.
4. Problems and counter-measures existing in the construction of interdisciplinary scientific research organizations in China. The thesis makes an analysis of problems existing in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations and, based on the capabilities to choose and optimize, comes up with countermeasures in terms of the following four aspects: The first step is to strengthen the management, adjust systems and establish scientific education departments. To change management practice and optimize management patterns is the second step. The third is to make out appraisal systems scientifically, practically and distinctly. And the last step is to strengthen the internal management in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations.
基于“知识”和“制度”的视角,针对高校跨学科科研组织,本文研究了跨学科科研组织的成长机制,主要开展了如下几个方面的工作:
1.基于“智-情-知”视角,分析了跨学科科研组织的本质、活动主体和知识创新功能。本文把跨学科科研组织的主体(即科研人员)视为“智-情-知”活性系统;强调跨学科科研组是一类具有高复杂性的异质性知识耦合系统,通过对知识和知识的异质性的分析,借鉴温友奎和徐国华的“信息与知识变换”理论以及布鲁克斯(Brookes)方程,揭示了跨学科科研组织的知识创新机理。
2.提出了跨学科科研组织“选择力与优化力协同”成长模型。本文指出跨学科科研组织的成长的本质是范式和制度的构建和演进,分析了跨学科科研组织成长的阶段和动力;从知识创新的表象出发,构建了“选择力与优化力协同的成长模型”。
3.分阶段阐释了跨学科科研组织的成长机制。本文重点分析了跨学科科研组织创建的条件;借助Markov链理论,分析了跨学科科研组织范式的构建机理;借助于力场分析法和生态位理论,分析跨学科科研组织的转型机制。
4.针对我国高校跨学科科研组织建设中存在的问题,提出了若干对策。本文分析了我国跨学科科研组织的问题,并基于选择力与优化力协同原理,从如下四个方面提出了对策:第一,加强顶层设计,搞好体制调整;第二,改变管理观念,优化管理模式;第三,制定科学合理、切合实际、分类明晰评价体系;第四,强化跨学科科研组织内部管理。
With the disintegration of modern science and technology, the trend of the intersection between disciplines is becoming more and more evident. In order to be adapted to the comprehensive developments between disciplines inside science and technology, and meet the requirements of the integration of science and technology and economy, more and more emphases are placed upon scientific and technological developments in terms of interdisciplinary methods. What is more important is that the interdisciplinary organization has become an important organization form for scientific research in the future. However, this new type of organizations, especially those interdisciplinary organizations attached to higher institutions, have always been low-efficient and spontaneous, and have always been in the non-sustainable dilemma of development. The management of interdisciplinary organizations has always been disturbing higher institutions, research institutions and related organs and management branches. However, little focus has been placed upon“interdisciplinary scientific research organizations”, resulting in fewer high-level fruits. Thus, to make further studies of interdisciplinary scientific researches is not only important in terms of reality but also in theory.
Aim at interdisciplinary scientific research in higher institutions, based on knowledge and system and focusing on development mechanisms of interdisciplinary scientific research organizations, the thesis, makes a study of the following contents.
1. Analyzing the essence, participator, and function of knowledge creation in interdisciplinary scientific research from the perspective of intelligence-emotion -knowledge. It is supposed in the thesis that the participator of disciplinary scientific research organizations (i.e. scientific researchers) are the activated system of intelligence- emotion-knowledge, while interdisciplinary scientific research organizations are defined as a type of high-complex heterogeneous knowledge coupling system. By means of analysis of knowledge and the heterogeneous characteristics of knowledge and according to Wen Youkui and Xu Guohua’s theory of information and knowledge exchanging and Brookes’equation, the thesis reveals the knowledge creation mechanism in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations.
2. Points out the development models of coordination between capabilities to choose and optimize based on knowledge creation in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations. The thesis points out that the essence of growth of interdisciplinary scientific research organizations is a normal form and constructions of systems and their developments and it also makes analyses of stages and motives in the development of interdisciplinary scientific research organizations. Based on the surface of knowledge creation, development models of coordination between capabilities to choose and optimize are formed.
3. Analyses of development stages in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations based on sustainable development. The thesis is focused upon the analysis of conditions of establishment in interdisciplinary research organizations. With the aid of Markov Chain Theory, the thesis makes an analysis of the construction mechanism of the normal form in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations and of type transferring mechanism inside with the help of Force Field Analysis and Niche Theories.
4. Problems and counter-measures existing in the construction of interdisciplinary scientific research organizations in China. The thesis makes an analysis of problems existing in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations and, based on the capabilities to choose and optimize, comes up with countermeasures in terms of the following four aspects: The first step is to strengthen the management, adjust systems and establish scientific education departments. To change management practice and optimize management patterns is the second step. The third is to make out appraisal systems scientifically, practically and distinctly. And the last step is to strengthen the internal management in interdisciplinary scientific research organizations.
引文
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