大型军工产品设计中的知识共享研究
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摘要
国防科技工业是关系国家安全的保障性产业,军工企业担负着不断提高军工产品的科技含量,提高国防工业的国际化核心竞争力的重任。21世纪是知识经济迅猛发展的时代,世界各国凭借本国科技的进步从而实现综合军事实力的提升。在军事科技的大环境中,大型军工产品是国防科技工业的重要产出,是国防科技工业的最重要的组成部分之一,在国家安全的保障上具有举足轻重的作用。大型军工产品是技术复杂、投资巨大、采用客户定制的方式生产的特定种类的军工产品,如大型武器装备、大型飞机以及船舶都属于大型军工产品。一般情况下,大型军工产品的设计依照项目组织的设立,需要经过多个组织部门协同研发和生产。大型军工产品的科学技术含量体现了国家整体的国防工业的发展水平,因此,提高国防科技工业中大型军工产品的科技含量,探索新的知识共享方式是发展新时期大型军工产品的必然要求。
全球化的知识经济发展潮流下,知识在国防科技工业发展中的地位日益突出,如何提高我国大型军工产品设计水平的发展,全面实现军工企业间的知识共享,提高军工企业核心竞争能力以及国际地位已经成为当今国防科技工业发展的重要课题。为了实现国防科技工业的科技发展目标,必须要高度重视大型军工产品设计中的科技含量,充分吸收全球军事工业中最新的知识技术方法,实现知识共享在大型军工产品设计中的普及。在以往学者对知识共享的研究中,大部分学者主张在组织间建立知识联盟体系,形成战略性合作伙伴关系,但是,由于国防工业的保密性、孤立性、垄断性、敏感性,在国际范围内建立以国家为单位的知识联盟关系显然是存在障碍的。
本文的研究重点在于建立我国军工企业内部不同组织部门间的知识共享联盟关系,运用结构方程的方法研究大型军工产品设计中的知识共享影响因素。本研究对如何正确分析大型军工产品设计中的知识共享影响因素,并且合理开发和利用蕴藏在军工企业内部不同组织部门间庞大的显性和隐性知识资产,为促进知识在军工企业的组织和个人间的共享起到重要作用。
Defense industry is the protection of national security industry, military industry enterprises continuously improve the military responsible for the scientific and technological content of products to enhance the core of the defense industry's international competitiveness in the task. The 21st century is the era of rapid development of knowledge-based economy, countries in the world, with its military advances in technology in order to achieve enhancement of overall strength. In military technology environment, the large-scale military products is an important defense industry output, is the defense industry's most important components of the protection of national security that has a pivotal role. Large-scale military products are technically complex, huge investment, custom-produced by specific kinds of military products, such as a large weapons and equipment, large aircraft and ships, all belong to large military products. In general, the design of large-scale military products in accordance with the establishment of project organization, coordination of the multiple organizations sector R & D and production. Large-scale military science and technology content of products reflects the country's overall level of development of the defense industry, the increase in large-scale military defense industry in the technological content of products, explore new ways of knowledge sharing is the development period-necessary requirement for large-scale military products.
The trend of globalization, knowledge economy, knowledge in the defense industry have become increasingly prominent position in the development, how to improve our level of product design, large-scale military development, the full realization of knowledge sharing among military enterprises, enhance the core competitiveness of military enterprises, and international status has become the national defense science and technology industrial development an important issue. In order to achieve national defense technology industry development goals, we must attach great importance to the design of large-scale military product technology content; absorb the knowledge of the global military industry in the latest technology and methods to achieve knowledge sharing in the design of large-scale popularization of military products. Knowledge sharing in the past, the research scholars, and most scholars advocate the establishment of knowledge in the alliance system between organizations to form strategic partnerships, but because of the confidentiality of the defense industry, isolation, monopoly, sensitivity, at the international level the establishment of the state as a unit of knowledge alliance is clear that there is disorder.
This study focuses on the establishment of different organizations within China's military and inter-enterprise knowledge sharing alliance, the use of structural equation in the design of large-scale military products in the knowledge sharing factors. In this study, the proper design of large-scale military factors in the knowledge-sharing, and rational development and utilization of reserves in the military departments of different organizations within the enterprise between the large explicit and implicit knowledge assets in order to promote knowledge in the organization and military enterprises shared between individuals play an important role.
全球化的知识经济发展潮流下,知识在国防科技工业发展中的地位日益突出,如何提高我国大型军工产品设计水平的发展,全面实现军工企业间的知识共享,提高军工企业核心竞争能力以及国际地位已经成为当今国防科技工业发展的重要课题。为了实现国防科技工业的科技发展目标,必须要高度重视大型军工产品设计中的科技含量,充分吸收全球军事工业中最新的知识技术方法,实现知识共享在大型军工产品设计中的普及。在以往学者对知识共享的研究中,大部分学者主张在组织间建立知识联盟体系,形成战略性合作伙伴关系,但是,由于国防工业的保密性、孤立性、垄断性、敏感性,在国际范围内建立以国家为单位的知识联盟关系显然是存在障碍的。
本文的研究重点在于建立我国军工企业内部不同组织部门间的知识共享联盟关系,运用结构方程的方法研究大型军工产品设计中的知识共享影响因素。本研究对如何正确分析大型军工产品设计中的知识共享影响因素,并且合理开发和利用蕴藏在军工企业内部不同组织部门间庞大的显性和隐性知识资产,为促进知识在军工企业的组织和个人间的共享起到重要作用。
Defense industry is the protection of national security industry, military industry enterprises continuously improve the military responsible for the scientific and technological content of products to enhance the core of the defense industry's international competitiveness in the task. The 21st century is the era of rapid development of knowledge-based economy, countries in the world, with its military advances in technology in order to achieve enhancement of overall strength. In military technology environment, the large-scale military products is an important defense industry output, is the defense industry's most important components of the protection of national security that has a pivotal role. Large-scale military products are technically complex, huge investment, custom-produced by specific kinds of military products, such as a large weapons and equipment, large aircraft and ships, all belong to large military products. In general, the design of large-scale military products in accordance with the establishment of project organization, coordination of the multiple organizations sector R & D and production. Large-scale military science and technology content of products reflects the country's overall level of development of the defense industry, the increase in large-scale military defense industry in the technological content of products, explore new ways of knowledge sharing is the development period-necessary requirement for large-scale military products.
The trend of globalization, knowledge economy, knowledge in the defense industry have become increasingly prominent position in the development, how to improve our level of product design, large-scale military development, the full realization of knowledge sharing among military enterprises, enhance the core competitiveness of military enterprises, and international status has become the national defense science and technology industrial development an important issue. In order to achieve national defense technology industry development goals, we must attach great importance to the design of large-scale military product technology content; absorb the knowledge of the global military industry in the latest technology and methods to achieve knowledge sharing in the design of large-scale popularization of military products. Knowledge sharing in the past, the research scholars, and most scholars advocate the establishment of knowledge in the alliance system between organizations to form strategic partnerships, but because of the confidentiality of the defense industry, isolation, monopoly, sensitivity, at the international level the establishment of the state as a unit of knowledge alliance is clear that there is disorder.
This study focuses on the establishment of different organizations within China's military and inter-enterprise knowledge sharing alliance, the use of structural equation in the design of large-scale military products in the knowledge sharing factors. In this study, the proper design of large-scale military factors in the knowledge-sharing, and rational development and utilization of reserves in the military departments of different organizations within the enterprise between the large explicit and implicit knowledge assets in order to promote knowledge in the organization and military enterprises shared between individuals play an important role.
引文
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[2]Steven Rosefielde. Prospects for Russia's Military Industrial Revival. Mcgraw-Hil1.2002:117-158
[3]Dean Grimes Farrer.The military market analyst and the product life cycle planning concept.Research Policy.2008:275-302
[4]Judith Reppy.A biomedical military-industrial complex. Technovation. 2008,(20):287-297
[5]Hansen.The Search-transfer Problem:The Role of Weak Tiesin Sharing Knowledge across Organization Subunits.Administrative Science Quarterly. 1990,44(1):82-111
[6]Simonin.Process of Knowledge Transfer in Strategic Alliances.Strategic Management Journal.1999,(20):595-623
[7]Grant. R.M.Toward a Knowledge-based Theory of the Firm.Strategic Management Journal.1996,17(10):109-122
[8]Huber.Transfer of Knowledge in Knowledge Management System: Unexplored Issues and Suggested Studies.European Journal of Information Systems.2001,10(2):72-79
[9]Davenport.Prusak L.Working Knowledge:How Organizations Manage What They Know.Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1998:51-56
[10]Lee Fleming.Science and the Diffusion of Knowledge.Research Policy.2004, (33):1615-1634
[11]Constant.What's Mine is Ours or is it.A Study ofAttitudes about Information Sharing.Information Systems Research.1994,5(4):400-421
[12]Dixon.Common Knowledge:How Companies Thrive by Sharing What They Know.Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2000:27-30
[13]Krogh.Care in Knowledge Creation.California Management Review. 1998,40(3):133-153
[14]Kiesler. Connections:New Ways of Working in the Networkeds Organization.MIT Press,1991:45-60
[15]Hippel.Information and the Locus of Problem Solving:Implications forlnnovation.Management Science.1994,(4):429-439
[16]Szulanski.Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of BestPractice within the Firm.Strategic Management Journal.1996,(17): 27-43
[17]Hamel.Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning With in InternationalStrategicAlliances.Strategic Management Journal.1991, (12): 83-103
[18]Cummings.Transferring Knowledge:The Key Factors Affecting Knowledge Transfer Success.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. 2003,(20):39-68
[19]Williamson.The Economic Institutions of Capitalism:Relational Contracting. NewYork:The Free Press,1985:124-130
[20]Gulati.Network Location and Learning:The Influence of Network Resources and Firm Capabilities on Alliance Formation.Strategic Management Journal.1999,20(5):379-420
[21]Noorderhaven.Strategic Decision Making. Addison Wesley,1995:220-230
[22]赫守田.军工产品研制过程中的技术状态管理与标准化.航空制造技术杂志社.2003.4：3-5
[23]杨理明、张国安.军工产品环境工程中的测控技术.航天工业管理2000年第一期2-4
[24]孙琰,李晓宁.我国国防科技工业竞争力提升问题研究.对外经贸大学出版社,2008.6：5-9
[25]白文亮.国防科技工业自主创新能力的三个源泉.中国国防经济观察,2008.4：2-5
[26]袁俊.军工产品知识产权管理浅谈.国防技术基础.2006,第四期3-8
[27]夏火松,蔡淑琴.企业知识管理的共享机制与知识树模型.华中科技大学 学报(社会科学版),2001,15(4)：48-51
[28]胡婉丽,汤书昆.基于研发过程的知识创造和知识转移.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(1)：20-23
[29]望俊成,陈远,李沛.知识共享的障碍因素和对策分析.情报杂志,2005(7)：10-14
[30]邓建友,周晓东.企业文化对知识共享的影响分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2005(9)：82-85
[31]王琳琳,陆洪艳.组织文化对组织内部知识共享的影响.当代经理人,2006(9)：169-170
[32]任岩.企业知识共享影响因素研究综述.情报杂志,2006(10)：10-12
[33]唐兴华.企业内部隐性知识共享的途径.企业研究,2001(5)：29-30
[34]王春秀.企业隐性知识的管理.科技管理研究,2006(11)：74-76
[35]姜文.知识共享的障碍因素分析.情报杂志,2006(4)：38-40
[36]秦铁辉,程妮.试论影响组织知识共享的障碍及其原因.图书情报知识,2006(11)：105-106
[37]余光胜.企业发展的知识分析.上海财经大学出版社,2000： 96-101
[38]程艳霞,吴应良.隐性知识传播模型及共享体系研究.情报杂志2005(8)：16-17
[39]陈娟,苗明杰.高技术企业知识员工间的知识传播模型.研究与发展管理,2004,16(5)：46-52
[40]张雷,侯杰泰.结构方程模型及其应用.北京：教育科学出版社,2002,177-180
[41]柯惠新.因果关系模型的估计与检验(Ⅰ—Ⅳ).数据统计与管理,1991,(1),1-4
[42]张望军、彭剑锋.中国企业知识型员工激励机制实证分析.科研管理,2001,(6),92-98
[43]肖宏文.知识型组织内部知识共享的若干问题研究.西安：西安交通大学,2001
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