企业的环境管理能力与企业绩效关系的理论与实证研究
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摘要
从国内外相关理论研究成果来看,企业环境理论产生于20世纪60年代,是随着开放系统理论和权变理论的产生而发展起来的,它得到了西方组织理论学家、管理学家、经济学家和社会学家等多方学者的关注,并形成了众多的理论流派。该理论重点解决的是企业与环境之间的相互作用关系问题。国内在企业环境的理论研究中,最具典型性的是赵锡斌教授(2007),他从系统理论的视角出发,把企业环境作为一个整体,进行了系统深入的研究,并构建了企业环境与企业绩效关系的一般理论模型。企业能力理论是20世纪90年代发展起来的一种新兴理论,其概念是由Richardson(1972)首先提出的,他认为企业能力就是企业的知识、经验和技能。此后,许多学者又在此基础上从多方面研究了企业能力并形成了不同的概念和观点,如：企业竞争力、核心能力、组织能力和动态能力等。而以这两大理论基础研究企业绩效问题的研究也有不少,并产生了不少研究成果。但本人通过文献的研究后发现,首先,对于企业环境管理与绩效关系的研究,多集中在企业环境子环境或局部环境对企业绩效影响,很少从环境整体性的角度对企业环境管理与企业绩效关系问题进行深入研究与探讨。其次,所有关于企业绩效问题的研究,都是在基于企业环境理论或企业能力理论的各自独立的理论基础上进行,并没有把企业环境理论与企业能力理论相结合,从企业能力的角度探讨企业对环境的管理能力与企业绩效关系的研究,此类研究可以说目前在理论界还是一个空白。因此,本研究正是基于这个研究上的空白,提出研究设想,并且也认为通过不同理论学派之间的相互借鉴与结合来研究企业问题,是今后企业管理理论发展的方向之一。
所以,本文拟改变目前对企业绩效问题研究的思维定式,以创新性的研究思想,把企业环境理论与企业能力理论结合起来,从企业能力与环境整体性的角度深度探讨与研究企业对环境的管理能力与企业绩效之间的关联性问题,为企业管理理论的进一步发展提供一种新的研究思路。同时本研究也期望通过研究发现企业的环境管理能力与企业绩效之间的一般关系,为提高企业的环境适应能力、环境控制能力或驾驭环境的能力,从而提高企业绩效,提出积极的可操作性建议。
随着环境变化日益加快,企业如何提高对环境的管理能力,以适应环境、控制或驾驭环境,提高企业绩效,是企业管理实践中提出的一个急需研究解决的问题。因此,本文试图解决的关键问题是：
1、将企业环境作为一个整体系统,从环境整体性的角度构建企业环境管理能力结构模型,改变目前对于企业环境研究的割裂性与片面性。
2、研究和构建企业环境管理能力与企业绩效关系的一般理论模型,为以企业为主体的对企业环境的管理和创新能力的提升提供理论依据。克服企业对于环境“不可控”、“无能为力”、“被动适应”的理论认识及其产生的消极影响,提高企业对环境的管理能力,进而提高企业对于环境的适应能力、控制能力与驾驭能力,从而提高企业的绩效。
3、研究提出提高企业对环境管理的能力,从而提高企业绩效的路径与方法,并用典型的案例和设计量表调查,进行实证研究。
From the domestic and foreign relevant theory researches, enterprise environment theory produced in the1960s, it developed with the open system theory and contingency theory generation, it got western organization theorists, management scientists, economists and sociologists and many scholars' attention, and have formed a variety of theoretical schools. The theory is focused on solving the problem of the interaction between the business and the environment. In domestic enterprises in the theoretical study of the environment, the most typical is Professor Zhao Xibin (2007),he set out from the viewpoint of system theory, took the enterprise environment as a whole, studied it in-depth, and builded the model of general theory of enterprise environment and enterprise performance. The enterprise capabilities theory was an emerging theory developed in1990s, the concept was first proposed by Richardson (1972).He thought that the enterprise capabilities is enterprise's knowledge, experience and skills. Since then, Many scholars on base of this studied the enterprise ability from different perspectives and formed different concepts and ideas, such as the competitiveness of enterprises, core competencies, organizational skills and dynamic ability. However, there were also many research of corporate performance based on these two theory, and generated a lot of research results. But through the study of the literature, I found, first of all, for the study of the relationship between corporate environmental management and performance, mostly concentrated in the impact of the sub-environment of enterprise environment or local environmental on firm performance, and rarely depth studied and discussion on corporate environmental management and business performance issues from the point of view of the environmental integrity. Secondly, all the research about enterprise performance issues were based on the separate theory of corporate environment theory or corporate capacity theory and didn't take the enterprise environment theory combined with enterprise capabilities theory,from the point of view of enterprise capabilities to explore enterprise environmental management capabilities and business performance, such studies is that there is still a gap in theoretical circles. Therefore, this study is based on the blank on this study, propose research ideas, and also thinks that through different mutual reference and combining with the theory school to study enterprise problem is one of the direction of the enterprise management theory development in the future.
Therefore, this study intends to change the thinking formulary of current research on enterprise performance problems with innovative research ideas, combines enterprise environment theory with enterprise competence theory,discusses and researches on deeply the relevant problems between the environment management ability and enterprise performance from the angle of enterprise ability and environment integrity, which provides a new research idea for the further development of the enterprise management theory. Meantime, this research also hopes through the study found that the general relationship between corporate environmental management capability and enterprise performance, improve the enterprise's ability to adapt to the environment, the environment's ability to control or manage the environment's ability to improve business performance, and put forward positive and operability recommendations.
Rapidly as the environment changes, the enterprise how to improve the ability of management of the environment, to adapt to the environment, control or control the environment, improve enterprise performance, is a much-needed research problem put forward.in the enterprise management practice This study attempts to solve the key issues are:
1, Take the corporate environment as a whole system, built from the point of view of the environmental integrity of the structural model of corporate environmental management capacity, change the current fragmented for environmental studies and one-sidedness.
2, Research and build a general theoretical model of corporate environmental management capabilities and business performance, provide a theoretical basis for the management and innovation capability of enterprises as the mainstay of the enterprise environment. Overcome the enterprise for the environment "uncontrolled" and "powerless","passive adaptation" of theoretical knowledge and its negative influence, improve the environment management ability of the enterprise, and improve enterprise to adapt to the environment ability, control ability and monitor ability, so as to improve the performance of enterprises.
3, The study proposes path and methods to increase the capacity of corporate environmental management so as to improve enterprise performance, and uses typical cases and designs scale to investigate and research empirically
所以,本文拟改变目前对企业绩效问题研究的思维定式,以创新性的研究思想,把企业环境理论与企业能力理论结合起来,从企业能力与环境整体性的角度深度探讨与研究企业对环境的管理能力与企业绩效之间的关联性问题,为企业管理理论的进一步发展提供一种新的研究思路。同时本研究也期望通过研究发现企业的环境管理能力与企业绩效之间的一般关系,为提高企业的环境适应能力、环境控制能力或驾驭环境的能力,从而提高企业绩效,提出积极的可操作性建议。
随着环境变化日益加快,企业如何提高对环境的管理能力,以适应环境、控制或驾驭环境,提高企业绩效,是企业管理实践中提出的一个急需研究解决的问题。因此,本文试图解决的关键问题是：
1、将企业环境作为一个整体系统,从环境整体性的角度构建企业环境管理能力结构模型,改变目前对于企业环境研究的割裂性与片面性。
2、研究和构建企业环境管理能力与企业绩效关系的一般理论模型,为以企业为主体的对企业环境的管理和创新能力的提升提供理论依据。克服企业对于环境“不可控”、“无能为力”、“被动适应”的理论认识及其产生的消极影响,提高企业对环境的管理能力,进而提高企业对于环境的适应能力、控制能力与驾驭能力,从而提高企业的绩效。
3、研究提出提高企业对环境管理的能力,从而提高企业绩效的路径与方法,并用典型的案例和设计量表调查,进行实证研究。
From the domestic and foreign relevant theory researches, enterprise environment theory produced in the1960s, it developed with the open system theory and contingency theory generation, it got western organization theorists, management scientists, economists and sociologists and many scholars' attention, and have formed a variety of theoretical schools. The theory is focused on solving the problem of the interaction between the business and the environment. In domestic enterprises in the theoretical study of the environment, the most typical is Professor Zhao Xibin (2007),he set out from the viewpoint of system theory, took the enterprise environment as a whole, studied it in-depth, and builded the model of general theory of enterprise environment and enterprise performance. The enterprise capabilities theory was an emerging theory developed in1990s, the concept was first proposed by Richardson (1972).He thought that the enterprise capabilities is enterprise's knowledge, experience and skills. Since then, Many scholars on base of this studied the enterprise ability from different perspectives and formed different concepts and ideas, such as the competitiveness of enterprises, core competencies, organizational skills and dynamic ability. However, there were also many research of corporate performance based on these two theory, and generated a lot of research results. But through the study of the literature, I found, first of all, for the study of the relationship between corporate environmental management and performance, mostly concentrated in the impact of the sub-environment of enterprise environment or local environmental on firm performance, and rarely depth studied and discussion on corporate environmental management and business performance issues from the point of view of the environmental integrity. Secondly, all the research about enterprise performance issues were based on the separate theory of corporate environment theory or corporate capacity theory and didn't take the enterprise environment theory combined with enterprise capabilities theory,from the point of view of enterprise capabilities to explore enterprise environmental management capabilities and business performance, such studies is that there is still a gap in theoretical circles. Therefore, this study is based on the blank on this study, propose research ideas, and also thinks that through different mutual reference and combining with the theory school to study enterprise problem is one of the direction of the enterprise management theory development in the future.
Therefore, this study intends to change the thinking formulary of current research on enterprise performance problems with innovative research ideas, combines enterprise environment theory with enterprise competence theory,discusses and researches on deeply the relevant problems between the environment management ability and enterprise performance from the angle of enterprise ability and environment integrity, which provides a new research idea for the further development of the enterprise management theory. Meantime, this research also hopes through the study found that the general relationship between corporate environmental management capability and enterprise performance, improve the enterprise's ability to adapt to the environment, the environment's ability to control or manage the environment's ability to improve business performance, and put forward positive and operability recommendations.
Rapidly as the environment changes, the enterprise how to improve the ability of management of the environment, to adapt to the environment, control or control the environment, improve enterprise performance, is a much-needed research problem put forward.in the enterprise management practice This study attempts to solve the key issues are:
1, Take the corporate environment as a whole system, built from the point of view of the environmental integrity of the structural model of corporate environmental management capacity, change the current fragmented for environmental studies and one-sidedness.
2, Research and build a general theoretical model of corporate environmental management capabilities and business performance, provide a theoretical basis for the management and innovation capability of enterprises as the mainstay of the enterprise environment. Overcome the enterprise for the environment "uncontrolled" and "powerless","passive adaptation" of theoretical knowledge and its negative influence, improve the environment management ability of the enterprise, and improve enterprise to adapt to the environment ability, control ability and monitor ability, so as to improve the performance of enterprises.
3, The study proposes path and methods to increase the capacity of corporate environmental management so as to improve enterprise performance, and uses typical cases and designs scale to investigate and research empirically
引文
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①邱皓政、林碧芳,《结构方程模型的原理与应用》,中国轻工业出版社,2009年版,第238页。
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①应企业要求,本文中企业名称全部隐去,用字母代替企业名字
①数据来源：《经济观察报》
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①邱皓政、林碧芳,《结构方程模型的原理与应用》,中国轻工业出版社,2009年版,第238页。
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①应企业要求,本文中企业名称全部隐去,用字母代替企业名字
①数据来源：《经济观察报》
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