高速加载器旋转无线通信及加载控制系统研究
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摘要
高速扭矩加载器是一种对高速旋转的机械闭环系统进行扭矩精确加载的机械装置。高速旋转的机械系统要测量和加载的扭矩量存在于高速旋转的机械部件上,在这种条件下,采用传统的接触式控制方法通常不能满足高速转动的工况要求。随着无线通信技术、遥测技术在航天、航空领域的广泛应用,无线通信技术也成为高速旋转机械系统动态监测与控制的优选方案。
论文通过对高速旋转条件下的扭矩加载器的信息传递环境的分析,基于加载器机械本体的结构方案,提出了加载器无线通信、加载控制及传感器测量的方案。高速扭矩加载器采用电机和两级减速器对加载器转轴加载,采用全桥电阻应变电路测量扭矩。控制系统由两部分组成,一部分安装在高速扭矩加载器上,与加载器一起进行高速旋转；另一部分固定在静态壳体上,为地面控制台,控制系统之间采用两个环形天线构成的无线信道进行数据传输,实现对高速扭矩加载器的加载控制和扭矩测量。
论文通过对高速旋转条件下的无线通信环境的分析,采用环形天线技术作为避免“多普勒频移效应”和“阴影效应”产生的方法,选择高斯移频键控(GFSK)调制作为通信系统的调制方法,设计了基于无线射频收发芯片CC1100的无线通信模块,并对该模块进行了软件编程,完成了射频收发模块的功能设置。
论文对高速扭矩加载器检测及加载控制系统进行了软、硬件设计,解决了扭矩信息检测、加载控制以及低电压大功率加载电机驱动等问题。同时对加载器高速转轴外部的现场控制台进行了设计,完成了电流变送器及电流环接收器的设计,实现了工业现场远程信息的传输和控制,为现场操作提供了外部接口,可实现加载系统的现场控制。
最后,论文给出了高速扭矩加载器实验样机。对高速扭矩加载器在GFSK和OOK两种调制方式下的无线通信模块进行了旋转通信测试,对500、700、900、1700转/分转速条件下的无线通信进行了分析,完成无线通信系统的软件调试。结果表明：采用CC1100设计的无线通信模块可以在高速旋转条件下实现可靠的信息传输,克服了转速对系统性能的影响,满足系统要求。完成了加载控制系统的软、硬件调试,实现了“位置”和“力矩”模式控制,对传感器进行了标定,同时对系统的稳载性能进行了测试。
High-speed torque loader can be described as a mechanical instrument which is used to load torque precisely for the rotating closed-loop system. In the rotating system, detecting and loading of the torque is so general on the rotating mechanical components that the traditional contact-type control system could not meet the need of the working condition. While the wireless communication technology and telemetry technology are widely used in aerospace and aviation, wireless communication technology becomes the optimum scheme for the dynamic monitoring of the high-speed rotating mechanical system. The paper proposed the schemes for the communication system, loading control system and sensor measurement based on the mechanical structure of the high-speed rotating torque loader through deeply analyzing the information transferring environment.
The paper put forward the research and design of the loading mechanism, wireless communication and detecting scheme. High-speed torque loader adopted motor and double reduction gearbox to realize torque loading with full-bridge resistance strain gauge for the torque detecting. And the control system can be composed of two parts. One is fixed on the rotating instrument and the other is installed on the ground console. And the information transferring between these two parts could be realized through the loop antenna.
In this paper, the communication environments in the rotating condition were analized. Doppler shift and shadow effect could be avoided through loop antenna technology. GFSK was chose as the modulation method aiming at the multi-path environment and wireless communication platform was given using the RF chip CC1100 whose software programming and function setting were finished.
Software and hardware design for the loading and detecting systems were given and the problems such as torque detecting, loading control and high-power low-logic voltage DC motor driving had been solved. Besides that, a field station which could provide rich external interfaces for the spot control, with current transducer and current receiver was designed in this paper.
Finally, the prototype of the torque loader was showed in the paper and experimental tests about wireless communication had been finished at the speed of 500,700,900 and 1700RPM respectively based on two kinds of communication schemes. The results showed that the communication system based on CC1100 could be realized with nearly no error transmission at a higher speed and the fading problem which was raised by rotating speed would be weakened. Besides that, the prototype with steady loading-performance could be used in position mode and torque mode and the sensor had been demarcated.
论文通过对高速旋转条件下的扭矩加载器的信息传递环境的分析,基于加载器机械本体的结构方案,提出了加载器无线通信、加载控制及传感器测量的方案。高速扭矩加载器采用电机和两级减速器对加载器转轴加载,采用全桥电阻应变电路测量扭矩。控制系统由两部分组成,一部分安装在高速扭矩加载器上,与加载器一起进行高速旋转；另一部分固定在静态壳体上,为地面控制台,控制系统之间采用两个环形天线构成的无线信道进行数据传输,实现对高速扭矩加载器的加载控制和扭矩测量。
论文通过对高速旋转条件下的无线通信环境的分析,采用环形天线技术作为避免“多普勒频移效应”和“阴影效应”产生的方法,选择高斯移频键控(GFSK)调制作为通信系统的调制方法,设计了基于无线射频收发芯片CC1100的无线通信模块,并对该模块进行了软件编程,完成了射频收发模块的功能设置。
论文对高速扭矩加载器检测及加载控制系统进行了软、硬件设计,解决了扭矩信息检测、加载控制以及低电压大功率加载电机驱动等问题。同时对加载器高速转轴外部的现场控制台进行了设计,完成了电流变送器及电流环接收器的设计,实现了工业现场远程信息的传输和控制,为现场操作提供了外部接口,可实现加载系统的现场控制。
最后,论文给出了高速扭矩加载器实验样机。对高速扭矩加载器在GFSK和OOK两种调制方式下的无线通信模块进行了旋转通信测试,对500、700、900、1700转/分转速条件下的无线通信进行了分析,完成无线通信系统的软件调试。结果表明：采用CC1100设计的无线通信模块可以在高速旋转条件下实现可靠的信息传输,克服了转速对系统性能的影响,满足系统要求。完成了加载控制系统的软、硬件调试,实现了“位置”和“力矩”模式控制,对传感器进行了标定,同时对系统的稳载性能进行了测试。
High-speed torque loader can be described as a mechanical instrument which is used to load torque precisely for the rotating closed-loop system. In the rotating system, detecting and loading of the torque is so general on the rotating mechanical components that the traditional contact-type control system could not meet the need of the working condition. While the wireless communication technology and telemetry technology are widely used in aerospace and aviation, wireless communication technology becomes the optimum scheme for the dynamic monitoring of the high-speed rotating mechanical system. The paper proposed the schemes for the communication system, loading control system and sensor measurement based on the mechanical structure of the high-speed rotating torque loader through deeply analyzing the information transferring environment.
The paper put forward the research and design of the loading mechanism, wireless communication and detecting scheme. High-speed torque loader adopted motor and double reduction gearbox to realize torque loading with full-bridge resistance strain gauge for the torque detecting. And the control system can be composed of two parts. One is fixed on the rotating instrument and the other is installed on the ground console. And the information transferring between these two parts could be realized through the loop antenna.
In this paper, the communication environments in the rotating condition were analized. Doppler shift and shadow effect could be avoided through loop antenna technology. GFSK was chose as the modulation method aiming at the multi-path environment and wireless communication platform was given using the RF chip CC1100 whose software programming and function setting were finished.
Software and hardware design for the loading and detecting systems were given and the problems such as torque detecting, loading control and high-power low-logic voltage DC motor driving had been solved. Besides that, a field station which could provide rich external interfaces for the spot control, with current transducer and current receiver was designed in this paper.
Finally, the prototype of the torque loader was showed in the paper and experimental tests about wireless communication had been finished at the speed of 500,700,900 and 1700RPM respectively based on two kinds of communication schemes. The results showed that the communication system based on CC1100 could be realized with nearly no error transmission at a higher speed and the fading problem which was raised by rotating speed would be weakened. Besides that, the prototype with steady loading-performance could be used in position mode and torque mode and the sensor had been demarcated.
引文
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[2]严后选.旋转部件高速参数遥测系统的若干关键技术研究[D],南京航空航天大学博士论文.2007
[3]文西芹,张永忠.扭矩传感器的现状与发展趋势[J].2001(12)：1-3页
[4]张晓强.应变式高准确度动态扭矩测量仪的研制[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士论文.2003
[5]杨俊锋.基于虚拟仪器的动态扭矩实验测试系统的研究[D].燕山大学硕士学位论文.2007
[6]孙训方.材料力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2002：8-10页
[7]傅俊杰.磁致伸缩效应非接触扭矩传感器的研究[D].中国矿业大学硕士学位论文.1995：45-48页
[8]I.Sasada, S.Uramoto, K.Hara. Non-contact Torque Sensors Using Magnetic Heads and a Magnetostrictive Layer on the Shaft [J]. IEEE Trans on Magn, 1986,22(5):406-412P
[9]吴国安.磁致伸缩型非晶磁性传感器[J].磁性材料与器件.1994(9)
[10]D.Son, S.J.Lin, C.S.Kim. Nom-contact Torque Sensor Using the Different of Maximum Induction of Amorphous Cores [J]. IEEE Trans on Magn, 1992,28(5):2205-2213P
[11]王荣,蔡德源.一种逆磁致伸缩扭矩传感器[J].现代科学仪器,1992(2)
[12]Miyashita K., Hunt R. P. IEEE Tarans. Magn,1990,26 (5):1560-1562P
[13]Mohri K., Makai Y. New torque using amorphous star-shaped cores [J]. IEEE Trans on Magn. MAG-23,1987(5):2191P
[14]J.Lesco Daniel.数字式高速光学转矩仪器.国外计量[J],1985(6)：27-31页
[15]程卫东,董永贵,李源等.无线无源声表面波扭矩传感器的研究[J].压电与声光.2000(3)
[16]欧扬,张纪龙.扭矩测试的发展动态和发展方向[J].华北工学院学报,1996(1)
[17]李孟然,任焕琴.在线动态扭矩测试仪的研制[J].洛阳工学院学报,1998,19(1)：29-32页
[18]刘宝华.红外扭矩测试仪的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,1999,20(3)：318-320页
[19]刘立庄,戴启军,周秦武.基于红外传输的扭矩测试系统[J].自动化仪表.2001,22(2)：17-19页
[20]李国林.环形变压器供电的应变式扭矩传感器技术性能与应用[J].仪表技术与传感器.2000(6)：44-45页
[21]孟宗,刘彬.回转机械动态扭矩非接触测量的研究[J].计量学报,2006,27(4)：27-30页
[22]杨俊锋,韩佩富,白文普,陈雷.基于LabVIEW的在线动态扭矩测试仪设计[J].电子测量技术.2007：72-74页
[23]http://www.binsfeild.com
[24]杨恩霞,田仁,纪鑫.非接触式在线动态扭矩测量装置的设计[J].应用科技.2006,33(10)：60-62页
[25]卞春江,张天宏,邓志伟,张平.面向旋转构件的高速无线数据采集系统[J].传感器技术,2004,23(11)：53-55页
[26]王全保.实用电子变压器材料器件手册[M].沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社,2003,5
[27]杨伯源.材料力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2001
[28]张如一.应变电测与传感器[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1999
[29]胡伟轩,周鑫霞.电工技术[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社,1997
[30]樊昌信,张甫翊,徐炳祥等.通信原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2003
[31]李仲令,李少谦等.现代无线与移动通信技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2007
[32]丁永红.近距离无线遥测技术研究[D].中北大学硕士论文,2005
[33]Huaping Liu, Vinod Venkatesan, Curt Nilsen, Ron Kyker. Performance of Frequency Hopped Non-coherent GFSK in Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels [J]
[34]Masahiko Shimizu, Nobuhisa Aoki, Kazuo Shirakawa. New Method of Analyzing BER Performance of GFSK with Postdetection Filtering [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL.45, NO.4, APRIL 1997
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