有源电力滤波器小波检测及补偿控制的研究
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摘要
本文阐述了电力系统中谐波的来源、危害及各种传统的谐波检测方法，有源电力滤波器能对变化的谐波、无功、负序电流快速的动态跟踪补偿。与传统的电流抑制方法相比较，有源电力滤波器响应速度快、补偿精度高。伴随电力电子技术、现代数字信号处理、智能控制技术等众学科的发展，有源电力滤波器不仅提高了性能，同时实现了模块化、集成化和微型化，市场发展潜力良好。
文中详细阐述了基于瞬时无功理论和基于小波变换的谐波电流检测法，并分别用SIMULINK和小波工具箱对这两种方法进行了仿真。设计了基于数据采集卡的谐波检测平台，平台软件部分由LabVIEW和MATLAB混合编程完成。该检测平台可实现谐波波形显示、基波波形显示及频谱分析，能很好的体现小波检测法的优越性。
控制系统是决定有源电力滤波器性能的关键，本文首先研究了常用的三种控制方法：三角波比较控制、滞环电流控制和空间电压矢量PWM控制的基本原理，并使用MATLAB/SIMULINK创建了相应的仿真模型，并进行了分析、比较，在闭环控制的基础上，采取PI控制调节直流侧电压，提高了补偿效果，减小了补偿电流的跟踪误差，降低了补偿后电源侧电流的畸变率。
在理论分析和仿真研究的基础上，设计了有源电力滤波器主电路的布局、主电路的滤波电容、滤波电感的参数和开关器件的选择，试验表明补偿效果良好。
以带电阻负载的三相整流桥为谐波源，设计了基于TMS320F2812DSP控制的110kVA并联型有源电力滤波器样机系统。文章设计了有源电力滤波器的硬件设备和软件编程，硬件部分包含光纤系统电路、驱动和保护电路、缓冲电路、电流电压信号调理电路、同步信号电路、触摸屏、电能监测仪、RS-232与RS-485转换电路等；软件部分包括谐波电流检测和控制部分的编程，还有触摸屏、电能监测仪与DSP三者间的通信程序。
最后本文设计了一套谐波电流检测的远程控制系统，该系统采用LabVIEW编写，其中用到了LabVIEW中的串口通信和经典结构—生产者/消费者设计模式，最终实现了远程控制的效果。
In this paper, the sources and hazard of power system harmonics are described. manytraditional harmonic detection methods are introduced. The active power filter can track andcompensate the varying harmonics, reactive and negative sequence currents dynamicly and fastly.Compared with the traditional current suppression methods, the active power filter has a fastresponse and high accuracy compensation. With the development of power electronicstechnology, modern digital signal processing, intelligent control technology and many otherdisciplines, the performances of the active power filter are improved, and it becomes modular,integrated and miniature with a good potential in the market.
In this paper, harmonics curret detection method based on instantaneous reactive powertheory and wavelet transform are described in detail. These two approaches simulation arecompleted separatly using the simulink and wavelet toolbox. The detection platform based on thePCI1712L data sampling card is designed, the software part of the platform is completed byLabVIEW and MATLAB. Harmonic waveform display, fundamental waveform display andspectrum analysis can be seen in the platform, reflected the superiority of the wavelet detectionmethod.
The control system determines the performance of an active power filter. Firstly, the basicprinciples of the triangular wave control, instantaneous comparison control and space voltagevector PWM control are introduced. The simulation models of the three methods are built usingMATLAB/SIMULINK tool, which are analyzed and compared. And based on the closed-loopcontrol, the PI controller adjusting the voltage of the direct-current side is used to improve theeffectiveness of compensation, reduce the tracking error of the compensation current and thecurrent distortion of the supply side.
On the base of theoretical analysis and simulated research, in the active power filter, themain circuit layout, the parameters of the filter capacitor, filter inductance and the choice ofswitching devices are explored in detail. This test has a good effect of compensation.
In this design, the uncontrollable three-phase rectifier with resistance load is selected as theharmonic source. a set of110kVA parallel APF (active power filter) prototype system based onTMS320F2812DSP is completed. In this paper, the active power filter hardware devices and software programming have been designed. The hardware parts include fiber-optic system circuit,drive and protection circuit, buffer circuit, current and voltage signal conditioning circuit,synchronous signal circuit, touch screen, power monitor, RS232-RS485conversion circuit and soon. The software components include the program of harmonic current detection and control, aswell as communication program among touch screen, power monitor and DSP.
Finally, a remote control system of the harmonic current detection is designed in the paper,the system is completed by LabVIEW, serial communication and classic structure-producer/consumer design patterns (event) of LabVIEW are used in this paper. Ultimately, the remotecontrol system is achieved.
文中详细阐述了基于瞬时无功理论和基于小波变换的谐波电流检测法，并分别用SIMULINK和小波工具箱对这两种方法进行了仿真。设计了基于数据采集卡的谐波检测平台，平台软件部分由LabVIEW和MATLAB混合编程完成。该检测平台可实现谐波波形显示、基波波形显示及频谱分析，能很好的体现小波检测法的优越性。
控制系统是决定有源电力滤波器性能的关键，本文首先研究了常用的三种控制方法：三角波比较控制、滞环电流控制和空间电压矢量PWM控制的基本原理，并使用MATLAB/SIMULINK创建了相应的仿真模型，并进行了分析、比较，在闭环控制的基础上，采取PI控制调节直流侧电压，提高了补偿效果，减小了补偿电流的跟踪误差，降低了补偿后电源侧电流的畸变率。
在理论分析和仿真研究的基础上，设计了有源电力滤波器主电路的布局、主电路的滤波电容、滤波电感的参数和开关器件的选择，试验表明补偿效果良好。
以带电阻负载的三相整流桥为谐波源，设计了基于TMS320F2812DSP控制的110kVA并联型有源电力滤波器样机系统。文章设计了有源电力滤波器的硬件设备和软件编程，硬件部分包含光纤系统电路、驱动和保护电路、缓冲电路、电流电压信号调理电路、同步信号电路、触摸屏、电能监测仪、RS-232与RS-485转换电路等；软件部分包括谐波电流检测和控制部分的编程，还有触摸屏、电能监测仪与DSP三者间的通信程序。
最后本文设计了一套谐波电流检测的远程控制系统，该系统采用LabVIEW编写，其中用到了LabVIEW中的串口通信和经典结构—生产者/消费者设计模式，最终实现了远程控制的效果。
In this paper, the sources and hazard of power system harmonics are described. manytraditional harmonic detection methods are introduced. The active power filter can track andcompensate the varying harmonics, reactive and negative sequence currents dynamicly and fastly.Compared with the traditional current suppression methods, the active power filter has a fastresponse and high accuracy compensation. With the development of power electronicstechnology, modern digital signal processing, intelligent control technology and many otherdisciplines, the performances of the active power filter are improved, and it becomes modular,integrated and miniature with a good potential in the market.
In this paper, harmonics curret detection method based on instantaneous reactive powertheory and wavelet transform are described in detail. These two approaches simulation arecompleted separatly using the simulink and wavelet toolbox. The detection platform based on thePCI1712L data sampling card is designed, the software part of the platform is completed byLabVIEW and MATLAB. Harmonic waveform display, fundamental waveform display andspectrum analysis can be seen in the platform, reflected the superiority of the wavelet detectionmethod.
The control system determines the performance of an active power filter. Firstly, the basicprinciples of the triangular wave control, instantaneous comparison control and space voltagevector PWM control are introduced. The simulation models of the three methods are built usingMATLAB/SIMULINK tool, which are analyzed and compared. And based on the closed-loopcontrol, the PI controller adjusting the voltage of the direct-current side is used to improve theeffectiveness of compensation, reduce the tracking error of the compensation current and thecurrent distortion of the supply side.
On the base of theoretical analysis and simulated research, in the active power filter, themain circuit layout, the parameters of the filter capacitor, filter inductance and the choice ofswitching devices are explored in detail. This test has a good effect of compensation.
In this design, the uncontrollable three-phase rectifier with resistance load is selected as theharmonic source. a set of110kVA parallel APF (active power filter) prototype system based onTMS320F2812DSP is completed. In this paper, the active power filter hardware devices and software programming have been designed. The hardware parts include fiber-optic system circuit,drive and protection circuit, buffer circuit, current and voltage signal conditioning circuit,synchronous signal circuit, touch screen, power monitor, RS232-RS485conversion circuit and soon. The software components include the program of harmonic current detection and control, aswell as communication program among touch screen, power monitor and DSP.
Finally, a remote control system of the harmonic current detection is designed in the paper,the system is completed by LabVIEW, serial communication and classic structure-producer/consumer design patterns (event) of LabVIEW are used in this paper. Ultimately, the remotecontrol system is achieved.
引文
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