基于DSP与CPLD的矩阵变换器的控制策略研究
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摘要
矩阵变换器是一个可控半导体开关阵列,它将三相输入电源直接连接到三相输出负载,被认为是一种有着先进拓扑的“全硅”功率变换器。
矩阵变换器可以实现频率的单级变换而不需要大的储能元件。它可以实现正弦的输入电流,输入可以达到单位功率因数并可以任意调节。其输出可以为任意频率的正弦电压和电流,允许能量的双向流动,是一项具有节能、环保优势的新技术,有着巨大的研究价值和广泛的应用前景。
矩阵变换器所具有的众多特色使得其成为近20年来人们的研究课题。最近几年,人们看到了更多的研究工作,使得该拓扑更贴近于工业应用。
本文研究的目的是对矩阵变换器展开基础原理、控制策略、开关换流等基本问题的探索性工作,为矩阵变换器的深入研究奠定基础。
首先介绍了矩阵变换器当前的一些研究热点,然后讨论了变换器的基本工作原理。矩阵变换器有多种调制策略,本文使用的是间接空间矢量调制策略。文中对该控制策略进行了详细的研究,并得到了其控制算法。之后搭建了简单模型用于验证控制策略,并使用该矩阵变换器模型驱动电机进行了调速控制。
三相输入电源之间的可靠换流非常重要。文中分析了用于矩阵变换器的双向开关结构和四步换流控制方案。四步换流方案是用CPLD器件实现的。
最后搭建了系统实验平台,验证了控制算法。详细介绍了系统中硬件和软件部分的设计。其控制系统是由DSP和CPLD组成的,DSP完成控制算法,并将得到的计算结果信息传送给CPLD,由CPLD完成最终的四步可靠换流。实验结果证明了算法的正确性。
The matrix converter is an array of controlled semiconductor switches that connects directly the three-phase source to the three-phase load. It is considered as an "total silicon" power converter with advanced circuit topology.
MC permits frequency conversion in a single-stage processing without large reactive energy storage components. It draws sinusoidal input currents and allows the input fundamental displacement factor to be set at unity or freely varied regardless of the load power factor. Besides these, it is capable of performing frequency conversion with sinusoidal output voltages and currents at the desired output frequency and allows bi-directional power flow. It has advantages on saving energy and protecting environment.
All of the attractive features have been investigated in the last two decades. In the last few years, an increase in research work has been observed, bringing this topology closer to the industrial application.
This thesis discusses principal issues of the matrix converter such as prime principle, control strategy, current commutation etc. Some valuable experiences and conclusions are given, which found the basis of the project for the further studies.
Firstly this paper presents several research focuses about the matrix converter, and then the basic principles of MC will be discussed. There are many modulation algorithms for MC, and one of them-the indirect space vector PWM(SVPWM)-is used in this paper. The indirect SVPWM is deeply investigated in this paper, and the function is also given. A simple simulation modal of MC based on MALAB was implemented to test the method. In the simulation, a speed control system is also driven by the MC.
Reliable current communication between the three-phase source is very important. The structure of bi-directional switches for MC are analyzed. Reliability and accuracy of four-step commutation strategy is proved. The strategy is accomplished by CPLD.
In the end, this paper develops an experiment system to verify the algorithm effectiveness. The system design about the hardware and software of MC is given. The control system is composed by DSP and CPLD. The algorithm is implemented in DSP, and the calculation results are transported to CPLD. The CPLD achieved the reliable current commutation. The final experiment results verified the algorithm.
矩阵变换器可以实现频率的单级变换而不需要大的储能元件。它可以实现正弦的输入电流,输入可以达到单位功率因数并可以任意调节。其输出可以为任意频率的正弦电压和电流,允许能量的双向流动,是一项具有节能、环保优势的新技术,有着巨大的研究价值和广泛的应用前景。
矩阵变换器所具有的众多特色使得其成为近20年来人们的研究课题。最近几年,人们看到了更多的研究工作,使得该拓扑更贴近于工业应用。
本文研究的目的是对矩阵变换器展开基础原理、控制策略、开关换流等基本问题的探索性工作,为矩阵变换器的深入研究奠定基础。
首先介绍了矩阵变换器当前的一些研究热点,然后讨论了变换器的基本工作原理。矩阵变换器有多种调制策略,本文使用的是间接空间矢量调制策略。文中对该控制策略进行了详细的研究,并得到了其控制算法。之后搭建了简单模型用于验证控制策略,并使用该矩阵变换器模型驱动电机进行了调速控制。
三相输入电源之间的可靠换流非常重要。文中分析了用于矩阵变换器的双向开关结构和四步换流控制方案。四步换流方案是用CPLD器件实现的。
最后搭建了系统实验平台,验证了控制算法。详细介绍了系统中硬件和软件部分的设计。其控制系统是由DSP和CPLD组成的,DSP完成控制算法,并将得到的计算结果信息传送给CPLD,由CPLD完成最终的四步可靠换流。实验结果证明了算法的正确性。
The matrix converter is an array of controlled semiconductor switches that connects directly the three-phase source to the three-phase load. It is considered as an "total silicon" power converter with advanced circuit topology.
MC permits frequency conversion in a single-stage processing without large reactive energy storage components. It draws sinusoidal input currents and allows the input fundamental displacement factor to be set at unity or freely varied regardless of the load power factor. Besides these, it is capable of performing frequency conversion with sinusoidal output voltages and currents at the desired output frequency and allows bi-directional power flow. It has advantages on saving energy and protecting environment.
All of the attractive features have been investigated in the last two decades. In the last few years, an increase in research work has been observed, bringing this topology closer to the industrial application.
This thesis discusses principal issues of the matrix converter such as prime principle, control strategy, current commutation etc. Some valuable experiences and conclusions are given, which found the basis of the project for the further studies.
Firstly this paper presents several research focuses about the matrix converter, and then the basic principles of MC will be discussed. There are many modulation algorithms for MC, and one of them-the indirect space vector PWM(SVPWM)-is used in this paper. The indirect SVPWM is deeply investigated in this paper, and the function is also given. A simple simulation modal of MC based on MALAB was implemented to test the method. In the simulation, a speed control system is also driven by the MC.
Reliable current communication between the three-phase source is very important. The structure of bi-directional switches for MC are analyzed. Reliability and accuracy of four-step commutation strategy is proved. The strategy is accomplished by CPLD.
In the end, this paper develops an experiment system to verify the algorithm effectiveness. The system design about the hardware and software of MC is given. The control system is composed by DSP and CPLD. The algorithm is implemented in DSP, and the calculation results are transported to CPLD. The CPLD achieved the reliable current commutation. The final experiment results verified the algorithm.
引文
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[35] Nielsen,P Blaabjerg,F. Pedersen,J.K. Novel solutions for protection of matrix converter to three phase induction machine[J]. IEEE Thirty-Second IAS Annual on Meeting,Industry Applications Conference. 1997, 2: 1447-1454.
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[2] M.Venturini.A new sine wave in sine wave out, conversion technique which eliminates reactive elements.Proc POWERCON7,1980,pp.E3-1-E3-15.
[3] Venturini, A.Alesina.The generalized transformer:A new bidirectional sinusoidal waveform frequency converter with continuously adjustable input power factor.Proc. IEEE PESC’80,pp.242-252.
[4]郭有贵,朱建林.矩阵式变换器的研究现状与发展趋势.变频器世界.2002,6(6):4-6.
[5]朱贤龙.三相交一交矩阵式变换器及其在电气传动中应用的研究.上海大学博士论文.2000.
[6] Kolar J W,Baumann M,Schafmeister F,et al. Novel modulation schemes minimizing the switching losses of sparse matrix converters. Proceedings IEEE IECON’03.2003,3: 2085-2090.
[7] Wei L,Lipo T A,Chan H. Matrix converter topologies with reduced number of switches. Proceedings IEEE PESC’02.2002,1:57-63.
[8] P.Wheeler,D.Grant.Optimized input filter design and low loss switching techniques for a practical matrix converter.Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng.,pt.B, 1997, Jan.144(1):53-60.
[9]周大宁,孙凯,孔鹏举等.RB-IGBT驱动电路及其在矩阵式变换器中的应用.清华大学学报(自然科学版).2006,46(4):465-468,47.
[10] Burany N.Safe control of four-quadrant switches[J].IEEE IAS’89,1190-1194.
[11] Zhang,L.,Wathanasarn,C.,Shepherd,W..Switch sequencer circuit for safe commutation of a matrix converter. Electronics Letters.1995,31(18):1530-1532.
[12] Hey, H.L.,Pinheiro,H.,Pinheiro,J.R..A new soft-switching AC-AC matrix converter, with a single active commutation auxiliary circuit. 26th PESC'95 Record of the Annual IEEE, 1995, 2: 965-970.
[13] Bernet,S.,Teichmann.R..The auxiliary resonant commutated pole matrix converter for DC-applications. 1997. PESC '97 Record., 28th Annual IEEE 1997, 2: 1225-1231.
[14] Empringham.L.,Wheeler,P.W.,Clare,J.C..Matrix converter bi-directionalswitch commutation using intelligent gate drives. Seventh International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives, 1998, (456):626-631.
[15] Empringham,L.,Wheeler,P,Clare,J.. A matrix converter induction motor drive using intelligent gate drive level current commutation techniques. Industry Applications Confere- nce Record of the 2000 IEEE,2000, 3: 1936-1941.
[16] Lixiang Wei,Lipo,T.A..A novel matrix converter topology with simple commutation. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE, 2001, 3:1749-1754.
[17] A. Alesina,M. Venturini. Solid state power conversion:A Fourier analysis approach to generalized transforms synthesis. IEEE Trans. on PE, 1981, CAS-28(4): 319-330.
[18] Zhang,L. Watthanasarn,C. Shephed,W.. Control of AC -AC matrix converters for unbalanced and /or distorted supply voltage.PESC'2001, IEEE 32nd Annual Meeting, 2001, 2: 1108-1113.
[19] A. Alesina,M. Venturini. Analysis and Design of optimum amplitude nine direct AC-AC converters. IEEE Traps. on PE.1989, 4(1): 101-112.
[20] Watthanasam,C. Zhang,L.Liang,D.T W.. Analysis and DSP-based modulation algorithms for modulation algorithms for AC-AC matrix converters. PESC '96 Record of IEEE 27th AnnualMeeting, 1996, 2:1053-1058.
[21] L.Huber,D.Brojevic. Space vector modulator for forced commutated cycloconverters[A]. Conference Record IEEE-IAS Annul Meeting.1989.871-876.
[22] L.Huber,D. Borojevic,N. Burany. Analysis design and implementation of the space-vector modulator for forced-commutated cycloconverters.IEE Proceeding of Industrial Electronic Engineering.1992, 12 (2):103-113.
[23] L. Huber,D.Borojevic,X.Zhuang,et al.Design and implementation of a three-phase matrix converter with input power factor correction.Proceeding IEEE APEC'93.1993.860-865.
[24] L.Huber,D. Borojevic. Space vector modulated three phase to three phase matrix converter with input power factor correction.IEEE Transaction on Industrial Application.1995,31(6): 1234-1246.
[25] D.Casadei,G Grandi,G Serra,et al. Space vector control of matrix converters with unity input power factor and sinusoidal input/output waveforms. Proceeding of EPE Conference. 1993.170- 175.
[26] D. Casadei,G.Serra,A. Tani. Reduction of the Input Current Harmonic Content in Matrix Converter Under Input/Output Unbalance.IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronic.1998, 45(3):401-411.
[27] D. Casadei,G. Serra,A. Tani. A General Approach for the Analysis of the Input Power Quality in Matrix Converter.IEEE Transaction on Power Electronic.1998,13 (5):882-891.
[28] P. Nielsen,D.Casadei,G.Serra,et al. Evaluation of the Input Current Quality by Three Different Modulation Strategies for SVM Controlled Matrix Converters with Input Voltage Unbalance. Proc. Of PEDES'96.1996.794-800.
[29] Akio Ishiguro,Takeshi Furuhashi,Shigeru Okuma. A novel control method for forced commutated cycloconverters using instantaneous values of input line-to-line voltages. IEEE Trans on industrial electronics, 1991, 38 (3):166-172.
[30] Oyama,J. Higuchi,T. Yamada,E. et al. New control strategy for matrix converter.PESC'89 Record of IEEE 20th Annual Meeting,1989,1: 350-367.
[31]汤宁平,方旭阳,邱培基.电流跟踪控制的矩阵变换器的控制策略与实验研究.电工技术学报,1999,14(4):48-52.
[32] C. Klumpner,P. Nielsen,I. Boldea,F. Blaabjerg.A new matrix converter-motor(MCM) for industry applications. In Conf. Rec. IEEE-IAS Annual. Meeting,2000,CD-ROM.
[33] P. Wheler,H. Zhang,D. Grant.A theoretical and practical consideration of optimized input filter design for a low loss matrix converter. In Proc. IEE PEVD Conf.,Sept,1994,pp.363-367.
[34] C. L. Neft. AC power supplied static switching apparatus having energy recovery capability. U. S. Patent 4697230,1987.
[35] Nielsen,P Blaabjerg,F. Pedersen,J.K. Novel solutions for protection of matrix converter to three phase induction machine[J]. IEEE Thirty-Second IAS Annual on Meeting,Industry Applications Conference. 1997, 2: 1447-1454.
[36] Schuster,A. A matrix converter without reactive clamp elements for an induction motor drive system. IEEE 29th Annual Meeting on Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 1998, 1:714-720.
[37] Mahiein,J. Braun,M. A matrix converter without diode clamped over-voltage protection.The Third International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2000, 2: 817-822.
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