双空间矢量调制矩阵变换器的研究
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摘要
矩阵变换器作为一种通用电源变换装置,可以方便实现n相到m相变换。该变换器能够产生可控的正弦输出电压和单位功率因数的输入电流;无中间储能环节、能量可双向传递一次变换、动态响应快;采用不同控制算法,可实现整流、逆变、变频、斩波等功能。因此,利用电力电子技术、计算机技术和控制理论的研究成果,开发一种对电网无污染、四象限运行的高质量交流变频电源,成为从事电力电子分析与控制学者研究的热点。
本文首先分析了矩阵变换器的等效交-直-交结构,推导出了矩阵变换器交-交直接变换控制规律,即采用输出线电压空间矢量调制和输入相电流空间矢量调制相结合的双空间矢量调制策略,该方法可使矩阵变换器输入电流正弦变化,输入侧功率因数角可正负调节,输出正弦的交流电压,有效抑制低阶谐波,是一种很有发展前途的控制策略。
文中以DSP(数字信号处理器)为核心构造了矩阵变换器控制系统的硬件实验平台,主电路部分的9个双向开关由IGBT和二极管反并联组成,采用四步换流法实现双向开关的安全切换,这样既防止出现使电源发生短路的开关组合,又保证在任意时刻给负载电流提供至少一条通路,采用复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD实现四步换流。
分析了矩阵变换器无功功率的传递、控制以及功率双向流动等问题,从理论上深化了对矩阵变换器能量变换机理的认识,指出了输入无功功率存在一定的调节范围;讨论了矩阵变换器能量双向流动的控制问题,指出不同负载情况下矩阵变换器同电源间的能量交换表现出不同的性质,说明了能量回馈是矩阵变换器的自然特性。
本文对矩阵变换器基本原理、控制策略、开关换流、应用范围等基本问题进行了初步研究。通过理论分析、计算机仿真和实验验证得出了一些有意义的经验和结论,对矩阵变换器的进一步研究具有一定的参考价值。
MC (Matrix Converter) as one type of general power converter, can realize n phase to m phase voltage conversion。It can provide sinusoidal output voltages with varying amplitude and frequency, at the same time, drawing sinusoidal input currents with unity power factor. Moreover, it can render bi-directional power flow without energy storage components except small AC filters for elimination of switching ripples By means of changing the control algorithm, the MC functions as rectifier, inverter, converter, etc. Moreover, according to the research achievement of electronics, computer science and Control Theory,high quality of four-quadrant operation of Variable Frequency Power without power grid pollution will probably be achieved. As a result, due to above mentioned characteristics, MC attracts many researchers’interests to investigate on power conversion by means of different new technical issues.
First, The equivalent structure of the AC-DC-AC conversion is analyzed. Then the AC-AC direct transformation control rule of matrix converter is deduced by adopting the dual space vector control strategy of MC, which is combined output line voltage space vector modulation and input phase current space vector modulation. This method meets the demand of input sinusoidal current and output sinusoidal voltages. The input side positive and negative power factor angle are adjusted arbitrary. low harmonic is suppressed in a degree. The strategy is advanced in the future.
The hardware experiment plat of matrix converter control system is build based on DSP. The main circuit consists of nine bi-directional switches, There are two IGBTs and two diodes in every bi-directional switch. The four-step commutation is introduced to achieve security commutation between switches. This strategy can be carried out with CPLD to prevent the source short and the load open.
The reactive power transferring, controlling and bi-directional power flowing of matrix converter is also discussed in this thesis. It indicates that input reactive power has a variable range. The energy transforming mechanics of
本文首先分析了矩阵变换器的等效交-直-交结构,推导出了矩阵变换器交-交直接变换控制规律,即采用输出线电压空间矢量调制和输入相电流空间矢量调制相结合的双空间矢量调制策略,该方法可使矩阵变换器输入电流正弦变化,输入侧功率因数角可正负调节,输出正弦的交流电压,有效抑制低阶谐波,是一种很有发展前途的控制策略。
文中以DSP(数字信号处理器)为核心构造了矩阵变换器控制系统的硬件实验平台,主电路部分的9个双向开关由IGBT和二极管反并联组成,采用四步换流法实现双向开关的安全切换,这样既防止出现使电源发生短路的开关组合,又保证在任意时刻给负载电流提供至少一条通路,采用复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD实现四步换流。
分析了矩阵变换器无功功率的传递、控制以及功率双向流动等问题,从理论上深化了对矩阵变换器能量变换机理的认识,指出了输入无功功率存在一定的调节范围;讨论了矩阵变换器能量双向流动的控制问题,指出不同负载情况下矩阵变换器同电源间的能量交换表现出不同的性质,说明了能量回馈是矩阵变换器的自然特性。
本文对矩阵变换器基本原理、控制策略、开关换流、应用范围等基本问题进行了初步研究。通过理论分析、计算机仿真和实验验证得出了一些有意义的经验和结论,对矩阵变换器的进一步研究具有一定的参考价值。
MC (Matrix Converter) as one type of general power converter, can realize n phase to m phase voltage conversion。It can provide sinusoidal output voltages with varying amplitude and frequency, at the same time, drawing sinusoidal input currents with unity power factor. Moreover, it can render bi-directional power flow without energy storage components except small AC filters for elimination of switching ripples By means of changing the control algorithm, the MC functions as rectifier, inverter, converter, etc. Moreover, according to the research achievement of electronics, computer science and Control Theory,high quality of four-quadrant operation of Variable Frequency Power without power grid pollution will probably be achieved. As a result, due to above mentioned characteristics, MC attracts many researchers’interests to investigate on power conversion by means of different new technical issues.
First, The equivalent structure of the AC-DC-AC conversion is analyzed. Then the AC-AC direct transformation control rule of matrix converter is deduced by adopting the dual space vector control strategy of MC, which is combined output line voltage space vector modulation and input phase current space vector modulation. This method meets the demand of input sinusoidal current and output sinusoidal voltages. The input side positive and negative power factor angle are adjusted arbitrary. low harmonic is suppressed in a degree. The strategy is advanced in the future.
The hardware experiment plat of matrix converter control system is build based on DSP. The main circuit consists of nine bi-directional switches, There are two IGBTs and two diodes in every bi-directional switch. The four-step commutation is introduced to achieve security commutation between switches. This strategy can be carried out with CPLD to prevent the source short and the load open.
The reactive power transferring, controlling and bi-directional power flowing of matrix converter is also discussed in this thesis. It indicates that input reactive power has a variable range. The energy transforming mechanics of
引文
1 胡崇岳. 现代交流调速技术. 机械工业出版社, 1999: 1~20
2 王兆安, 杨君, 刘进军. 谐波抑制和无功功率补偿. 机械工业出版社, 2004: 1~11
3 叶杭冶. 风力发电机组的控制技术. 机械工业出版社, 2002: 133~144
4 陈国呈. PWM 变频调速技术. 机械工业出版社, 1998: 1~26
5 马小亮. 大功率交交变频器交流调速及矢量控制. 机械工业出版社, 1992: 5~11
6 A. Alesina, M. G. B. Venturini. Analysis and Design of Optimum Amplitude Nine Switch Direct AC-AC Converters. IEEE Trans. on Power Electrics.1989, 4(1): 101~112
7 Christian Klumpner, Frede Blaabjerg. Short Term Braking Capability During Power Interruptions for Integrated Matrix Converter Motor Drivers. IEEE 33rd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Australia: PESC. 2002: 64~71
8 陆海慧. 矩阵式交-交电源变换器及其控制系统研究.上海大学博士学位论文. 1998: 19~25, 90~100
9 N. Burany. Safe Control of Four Quadrant Switches. Conference Record IEEE IAS, California: IAS. 1989: 1190~1194
10 A. Alesina, M. G. B. Venturini. Solid State Power Conversion: A Fourier Analysis Approach to Generalized Transformer Synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and System.1981, 28(4): 319~330
11 A. Alesina, M. G. B. Venturini. Analysis and Design of Optimum Amplitude Nine Switch Direct AC-AC Converters. IEEE Trans. on Power Electrics.1989, 4(1): 101~112
12 M. O. Watle, T. J. Sobczyk. Application of PWM Techniques for Control of a Matrix Converter. 5th International. Conference. Power Electron and Variable Speed Drivers, London: PEVSD. 1994: 325~330
13 T. J. Sobczyk. Control Strategy of Matrix Converters. 5th Europe Power Electron and Applications Conference, Brighten: EPEAC. 1993: 93~97
14 G. Roy and G. E. April. Cycloconverter Operation under a New Scalar Control Algorithm. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, USA: PESC. 1989:368~375
15 Akio Ishiguro, Takeshi F., Shigeru O. A Novel Control Method for Forced Commutated Cycloconverter Using Instantaneous Values of Input Line to Line Voltages. IEEE Transactions on Electron. 1991, 38(3): 166~172
16 L. Huber, D. Borojevic, N. Burany. Voltage Space Vector Based PWM Control of Forced Commutated Cycloconverters. 15th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Pennssylvania: IES. 1989, 1: 106~111
17 L.Huber, D. Borojevic. Analysis Design and Implementation of the Space Vector Modulator for Forced Commutated Cycloconverters. IEEE Proceedings-B. 1992, 139(2): 103~113
18 P. Nielsen, F. Blaabjerg, J. K. Pedersen. Space Vector Modulated Matrix Converter with Minimized Number of Switching and a Feed forward Compensation of Input Voltage Unbalance. IEEE Proceedings International Conference on Power Electronics Drive Energy System for Industrial Growth, India:PEDES.1996: 833~839
19 E.P. Wiechmann, A.R. Garcia. High Performance Direct Frequency Converters Controlled by Predictive Current Loop. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1997, 12(3): 547~557
20 张志学, 王辉. 矩阵变换器的控制策略. 电气传动自动化. 2002, 24(2): 37~39
21 Peter Nielsen, Domenico Casadei, Giovanni Serra and Angelo Tani. Evaluation of the input current quality by three different modulation strategies for SVM controlled matrix converters with input voltage unbalance, Proc. PEDES'96, New Delhi, India, 1996: 794~800
22 穆新华,庄心复.交-交型矩阵变换器的双电压控制原理及波形合成. 南京航空航天大学学报. 1997, 29(2): 151~157
23 陆海慧.矩阵式交-交电源变换器及其控制系统研究. 上海大学博士学位论文. 1998: 19~25, 90~100
24 陈希有, 陈学允. 基于 PARK 变换的空间矢量制矩阵变换器的暂态分析. 中国电机工程学报. 2000, 20(5): 80~84
25 王毅, 陈希有, 徐殿国. 双电压合成矩阵变换器闭环控制的研究. 中国电机工程学报. 2002, 22(1): 75~79
26 汤宁平. 矩阵变换器供电的变速恒频风力发电系统研究. 福州大学博士学位论文. 2005: 105~113
27 杨喜军, 龚幼民. 三相/一相矩阵式电力变换技术的研究. 电力电子技术. 2002, 36(5): 28~31
28 黄科元, 贺益康, 卞松江. 矩阵式变换器交流励磁的变速恒频风力发电系统研究. 中国电机工程学报. 2002, 22(11): 100~105
29 王勇, 吕征宇, 文辉清, 汪槱生. 用可编程逻辑器件实现矩阵变换器自适应换流. 电力系统自动化. 2004, 28(17): 60~63
30 Kai Sun, Lipei Huang, Kouki Matsuse, Takashi Ishida. Combined control of matrix converter fed induction motor drive system. Proceedings IEEE IAS2003, 2003, 3: 1723~1729
31 Lina Wang, Fuyuan Xu, Kai Sun, Lipei Huang. A novel safe shutdown strategy for matrix converter even under fault condition. Proceedings IEEE APEC 2005, 2005, 3: 1786~1790
32 Bruckmann M, Simon O, Springmann W, Munzer M, Loddenkotter M. Application of a new IGBT module for matrix converter. Proceedings EPE'01. 2001, 4~16
33 Simon O, Mahlein J, Muenzer M N, Bruckmann M. Modern solutions for industrial matrix converter applications. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics.2002, 49(2): 401~406
34 Klumpner C, Nielsen P, Boldea I, BlaabjergF. A new matrix converter motor(MCM) for industry applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2002, 49(2): 325~335
35 Take M, Naito T, Ueno K. The reverse blocking IGBT for matrix converter with ultra-thin wafer technology. Proceedings ISPSD' 03. 2003, 156~159
36 Itoh J, Sato I, Odaka A, Ohguchi H, Kodatchi H, Eguchi N. A novel approach to practical matrix converter motor drive IGBT. Proceedings IEEE system with reverse blocking PESC' 04. 2004, 3: 2380~2385
37 Wheeler P W, Clare J C, Katsis D, Empringham L, Bland M, Podlesak T. Design and construction of a 150KVA matrix converter induction motor drive. Proceedings PEMD' 04. 2004, 2: 719~723
38 L Huber, D. Borojevic. Space Vector Modulated for Three-Phase to Three-Phase Matrix Converter With Input Power Factor Correction. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications. 1995, 31(6): 1234~1246
39 王毅, 陈希有, 徐殿国. 空间矢量调制矩阵变换器闭环控制的研究. 中国电机工程学报. 2003, 23(6): 164~169
40 王兆安,黄俊. 电力电子技术. 机械工业出版社, 2004:29~33
41 朱贤龙, 龚幼民, 陈伯时. 矩阵式变换器的研制砚状与发展方向. 电气传动自动化. 1998, 20(4): 3~7
42 Ching-Tai Pan. A Zero Switching Loss Matrix Converter. IEEE PESC’93 ,1993: 545~550
43 Sunter.S, Clare J.C. A True Four Quandrant Matrix Converter Induction Motor Drive with Servo Performance. IEEE PSEC’96,1996, 6: 146~151
44 王晓明, 王玲. 电动机的 DSP 控制. 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004: 1~8
45 黄科元. 矩阵式变换器的空间矢量调制及其应用研究. 浙江大学博士学位论文. 2004: 93~103
46 陈希有, 陈学允. 矩阵式电力变换器的无功功率分析. 中国电机工程学报. 1999, 19(11): 5~9
2 王兆安, 杨君, 刘进军. 谐波抑制和无功功率补偿. 机械工业出版社, 2004: 1~11
3 叶杭冶. 风力发电机组的控制技术. 机械工业出版社, 2002: 133~144
4 陈国呈. PWM 变频调速技术. 机械工业出版社, 1998: 1~26
5 马小亮. 大功率交交变频器交流调速及矢量控制. 机械工业出版社, 1992: 5~11
6 A. Alesina, M. G. B. Venturini. Analysis and Design of Optimum Amplitude Nine Switch Direct AC-AC Converters. IEEE Trans. on Power Electrics.1989, 4(1): 101~112
7 Christian Klumpner, Frede Blaabjerg. Short Term Braking Capability During Power Interruptions for Integrated Matrix Converter Motor Drivers. IEEE 33rd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Australia: PESC. 2002: 64~71
8 陆海慧. 矩阵式交-交电源变换器及其控制系统研究.上海大学博士学位论文. 1998: 19~25, 90~100
9 N. Burany. Safe Control of Four Quadrant Switches. Conference Record IEEE IAS, California: IAS. 1989: 1190~1194
10 A. Alesina, M. G. B. Venturini. Solid State Power Conversion: A Fourier Analysis Approach to Generalized Transformer Synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and System.1981, 28(4): 319~330
11 A. Alesina, M. G. B. Venturini. Analysis and Design of Optimum Amplitude Nine Switch Direct AC-AC Converters. IEEE Trans. on Power Electrics.1989, 4(1): 101~112
12 M. O. Watle, T. J. Sobczyk. Application of PWM Techniques for Control of a Matrix Converter. 5th International. Conference. Power Electron and Variable Speed Drivers, London: PEVSD. 1994: 325~330
13 T. J. Sobczyk. Control Strategy of Matrix Converters. 5th Europe Power Electron and Applications Conference, Brighten: EPEAC. 1993: 93~97
14 G. Roy and G. E. April. Cycloconverter Operation under a New Scalar Control Algorithm. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, USA: PESC. 1989:368~375
15 Akio Ishiguro, Takeshi F., Shigeru O. A Novel Control Method for Forced Commutated Cycloconverter Using Instantaneous Values of Input Line to Line Voltages. IEEE Transactions on Electron. 1991, 38(3): 166~172
16 L. Huber, D. Borojevic, N. Burany. Voltage Space Vector Based PWM Control of Forced Commutated Cycloconverters. 15th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Pennssylvania: IES. 1989, 1: 106~111
17 L.Huber, D. Borojevic. Analysis Design and Implementation of the Space Vector Modulator for Forced Commutated Cycloconverters. IEEE Proceedings-B. 1992, 139(2): 103~113
18 P. Nielsen, F. Blaabjerg, J. K. Pedersen. Space Vector Modulated Matrix Converter with Minimized Number of Switching and a Feed forward Compensation of Input Voltage Unbalance. IEEE Proceedings International Conference on Power Electronics Drive Energy System for Industrial Growth, India:PEDES.1996: 833~839
19 E.P. Wiechmann, A.R. Garcia. High Performance Direct Frequency Converters Controlled by Predictive Current Loop. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1997, 12(3): 547~557
20 张志学, 王辉. 矩阵变换器的控制策略. 电气传动自动化. 2002, 24(2): 37~39
21 Peter Nielsen, Domenico Casadei, Giovanni Serra and Angelo Tani. Evaluation of the input current quality by three different modulation strategies for SVM controlled matrix converters with input voltage unbalance, Proc. PEDES'96, New Delhi, India, 1996: 794~800
22 穆新华,庄心复.交-交型矩阵变换器的双电压控制原理及波形合成. 南京航空航天大学学报. 1997, 29(2): 151~157
23 陆海慧.矩阵式交-交电源变换器及其控制系统研究. 上海大学博士学位论文. 1998: 19~25, 90~100
24 陈希有, 陈学允. 基于 PARK 变换的空间矢量制矩阵变换器的暂态分析. 中国电机工程学报. 2000, 20(5): 80~84
25 王毅, 陈希有, 徐殿国. 双电压合成矩阵变换器闭环控制的研究. 中国电机工程学报. 2002, 22(1): 75~79
26 汤宁平. 矩阵变换器供电的变速恒频风力发电系统研究. 福州大学博士学位论文. 2005: 105~113
27 杨喜军, 龚幼民. 三相/一相矩阵式电力变换技术的研究. 电力电子技术. 2002, 36(5): 28~31
28 黄科元, 贺益康, 卞松江. 矩阵式变换器交流励磁的变速恒频风力发电系统研究. 中国电机工程学报. 2002, 22(11): 100~105
29 王勇, 吕征宇, 文辉清, 汪槱生. 用可编程逻辑器件实现矩阵变换器自适应换流. 电力系统自动化. 2004, 28(17): 60~63
30 Kai Sun, Lipei Huang, Kouki Matsuse, Takashi Ishida. Combined control of matrix converter fed induction motor drive system. Proceedings IEEE IAS2003, 2003, 3: 1723~1729
31 Lina Wang, Fuyuan Xu, Kai Sun, Lipei Huang. A novel safe shutdown strategy for matrix converter even under fault condition. Proceedings IEEE APEC 2005, 2005, 3: 1786~1790
32 Bruckmann M, Simon O, Springmann W, Munzer M, Loddenkotter M. Application of a new IGBT module for matrix converter. Proceedings EPE'01. 2001, 4~16
33 Simon O, Mahlein J, Muenzer M N, Bruckmann M. Modern solutions for industrial matrix converter applications. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics.2002, 49(2): 401~406
34 Klumpner C, Nielsen P, Boldea I, BlaabjergF. A new matrix converter motor(MCM) for industry applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2002, 49(2): 325~335
35 Take M, Naito T, Ueno K. The reverse blocking IGBT for matrix converter with ultra-thin wafer technology. Proceedings ISPSD' 03. 2003, 156~159
36 Itoh J, Sato I, Odaka A, Ohguchi H, Kodatchi H, Eguchi N. A novel approach to practical matrix converter motor drive IGBT. Proceedings IEEE system with reverse blocking PESC' 04. 2004, 3: 2380~2385
37 Wheeler P W, Clare J C, Katsis D, Empringham L, Bland M, Podlesak T. Design and construction of a 150KVA matrix converter induction motor drive. Proceedings PEMD' 04. 2004, 2: 719~723
38 L Huber, D. Borojevic. Space Vector Modulated for Three-Phase to Three-Phase Matrix Converter With Input Power Factor Correction. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications. 1995, 31(6): 1234~1246
39 王毅, 陈希有, 徐殿国. 空间矢量调制矩阵变换器闭环控制的研究. 中国电机工程学报. 2003, 23(6): 164~169
40 王兆安,黄俊. 电力电子技术. 机械工业出版社, 2004:29~33
41 朱贤龙, 龚幼民, 陈伯时. 矩阵式变换器的研制砚状与发展方向. 电气传动自动化. 1998, 20(4): 3~7
42 Ching-Tai Pan. A Zero Switching Loss Matrix Converter. IEEE PESC’93 ,1993: 545~550
43 Sunter.S, Clare J.C. A True Four Quandrant Matrix Converter Induction Motor Drive with Servo Performance. IEEE PSEC’96,1996, 6: 146~151
44 王晓明, 王玲. 电动机的 DSP 控制. 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004: 1~8
45 黄科元. 矩阵式变换器的空间矢量调制及其应用研究. 浙江大学博士学位论文. 2004: 93~103
46 陈希有, 陈学允. 矩阵式电力变换器的无功功率分析. 中国电机工程学报. 1999, 19(11): 5~9