Linux下相控阵探伤仪软件系统设计与实现
|
摘要
超声波检测是无损检测的一种重要方法,在工业探伤中应用广泛。相控阵探伤仪是通过控制相控探头各个阵元的激励延迟时间来控制波束的偏转和发射聚焦,从而实现对工件的相控扫描。与传统的超声波检测方法相比,相控阵超声波检测具有速度快、扫描范围大、可达性好等优点,逐渐成为近年来超声检测的一个研究热点。
本文主要进行相控阵探伤仪上位机软件系统的设计。在Linux系统下,以C语言为基础,通过Motif进行用户图像界面的设计并使用OpenGL进行超声图像的绘制,结合相控阵探伤仪本身的特点进行其它功能的设计和实现。本文首先研究了超声探伤的原理以及相控阵的发射和接收聚焦原理；其次,实现了人机交互界面的设计,包括超声A型图和B型图的显示；最后,实现了其它的一些基本功能,如参数控制、TGC控制、报告打印等。
本文介绍了图像平滑、图像锐化和图像分割的经典算法,并进行编程实现,通过图像处理功能,滤除图像中混入的噪声,提取图像的边缘,最终将超声图像分为缺陷和背景两部分。
本文分析了金属工件焊接过程中常见的几种缺陷的形成原因、特点及危害,并针对气孔缺陷进行模拟；经过图像处理以后,采取A型图和B型图相结合的方法,对缺陷进行定位,并计算缺陷的中心位置、长度、宽度以及面积,最后,将计算结果进行存储。
Ultrasonic testing is one of non-destructive testing methods, which is widely used in industrial inspection. Ultrasonic phased array testing is a method which uses phased array method in ultrasonic testing by controlling the delay-time of every element to control the deflexion and focus of ultrasonic beam. Compared to the traditional ultrasonic testing method, ultrasonic phased array testing has a lot of advantages, such as rapid scanning, large scan range, good accessibility and so on, therefore, in recent years,it becomes a research focus.
This thesis's primary work is to design the software system for phased array inspecting system, including designing the graphic user interface with Motif and drawing the ultrasound image with OpenGL and realizing other functions of the software system, all of these are done under Linux and programmed by C language. Firstly, this thesis studied on the principle of ultrasonic equipment and algorithm of ultrasonic transmission and receiving; Secondly, this thesis realized the graphic user interface, including A-display, B-display of ultrasonic image; At last, this thesis realized other functions such as parameter controlling, TGC controlling, reporting and so on.
This thesis illustrated and realized several kinds of classical methods of image smothing, image sharpening ang image segment, after these methods applicated, the noise in the ultrasonic image was filtered and the edge of image was detected, finally, the image was divided into two parts:defect and background.
This thesis also analyzed the causes, characteristics and harm of metal defects, and simulated metal porosity defects, after image process, with ultrasonic image of A and B-display, located the defect that was selected, caculated length and width and area of the defect, then, saved the results.
本文主要进行相控阵探伤仪上位机软件系统的设计。在Linux系统下,以C语言为基础,通过Motif进行用户图像界面的设计并使用OpenGL进行超声图像的绘制,结合相控阵探伤仪本身的特点进行其它功能的设计和实现。本文首先研究了超声探伤的原理以及相控阵的发射和接收聚焦原理；其次,实现了人机交互界面的设计,包括超声A型图和B型图的显示；最后,实现了其它的一些基本功能,如参数控制、TGC控制、报告打印等。
本文介绍了图像平滑、图像锐化和图像分割的经典算法,并进行编程实现,通过图像处理功能,滤除图像中混入的噪声,提取图像的边缘,最终将超声图像分为缺陷和背景两部分。
本文分析了金属工件焊接过程中常见的几种缺陷的形成原因、特点及危害,并针对气孔缺陷进行模拟；经过图像处理以后,采取A型图和B型图相结合的方法,对缺陷进行定位,并计算缺陷的中心位置、长度、宽度以及面积,最后,将计算结果进行存储。
Ultrasonic testing is one of non-destructive testing methods, which is widely used in industrial inspection. Ultrasonic phased array testing is a method which uses phased array method in ultrasonic testing by controlling the delay-time of every element to control the deflexion and focus of ultrasonic beam. Compared to the traditional ultrasonic testing method, ultrasonic phased array testing has a lot of advantages, such as rapid scanning, large scan range, good accessibility and so on, therefore, in recent years,it becomes a research focus.
This thesis's primary work is to design the software system for phased array inspecting system, including designing the graphic user interface with Motif and drawing the ultrasound image with OpenGL and realizing other functions of the software system, all of these are done under Linux and programmed by C language. Firstly, this thesis studied on the principle of ultrasonic equipment and algorithm of ultrasonic transmission and receiving; Secondly, this thesis realized the graphic user interface, including A-display, B-display of ultrasonic image; At last, this thesis realized other functions such as parameter controlling, TGC controlling, reporting and so on.
This thesis illustrated and realized several kinds of classical methods of image smothing, image sharpening ang image segment, after these methods applicated, the noise in the ultrasonic image was filtered and the edge of image was detected, finally, the image was divided into two parts:defect and background.
This thesis also analyzed the causes, characteristics and harm of metal defects, and simulated metal porosity defects, after image process, with ultrasonic image of A and B-display, located the defect that was selected, caculated length and width and area of the defect, then, saved the results.
引文
1 王自明.无损检测综合知识[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2005
2 S.Chatillon, J.Porre. Simulation and data reconstruction for NTD phased array. Ultrasonics,2006(44):951-955
3 周乐,张志文.无损检测及其新技术.重庆工学院学报.2006.8
4 G A Georgiou, T B Wooldriqe. The Basic Principles, Capabilities and Limitations of Ultrasonic NDT, Part2. Basic Principles of Ultrasonic NDT Insight.2000,42(11):708-714
5 李衍.相控阵超声检测国际动态.无损探伤,2008,32(6)
6 R/D Tech inc. Introduction to phased array ultrasonic technology applications. Published by R/D Tech inc,2004
7 HAO Jun-cai. Non-destructive Evaluation of Composite Pressure Vessel by using FBG Sensors. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2007(20):120-123
8 张伟成.无损检测新技术.油气田地面工程.2008,27(2)
9 刘长福等.超声波相控阵技术原理及特点.河北电力技术.2008.6.
10 Rodriguez Miguel A, Miralles Ramon, Vergara Luis. Signal Processing for Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Evaluation:two Applications. NDT&E International.1998,31(1):93-97
11 A.Schenk,G.etal. Phased array technique for austenitic weld inspection. Ultrasonics.2003(35):421-422
12 Abittan Elie.Inspection of thermal barriers of primary pumps with phased array probe and piezocomposite technology. The e-Journal of Nondesdructive Testing,2000,5(7)
13 Chen Shi-Li, Zhan Xiang-Lin, Jin ShiJiu. Design of ultrasonic phased array in pipeline girth weld inspection. Tianjin Daxue Xuebao.2006,39(2):235-239
14 Didier Cassereau,Mathias Fink. The phased array technology-application to time-reversal in acoustics. IEEE.2000:461-464
15 Langlois Jocelyn.Use of flexible ultrasonic arrays in inspection.The e-Journal of Nondesdructive Testing.1999,4(3)
16 Jargen Arendt Jensen, Ole Holm, Lars Joost Jensen, etal. Experimental ultrasound system for real-time synthetic imaging. In:Proceedings of 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium.1999,1595-1599
17洪绍光.B型超声诊断仪原理、调试与维修.湖北科学技术出版社.2003
18冯若.超声诊断设备原理与设计.中国医药科技出版社.1993
19 Luo Shuo-Feng, Li Xue-Yao. A High Performance Object-Oriented Scene Graph System. Acta Simulata Systematica Sinica.2007,17(2):424-428
20金宏斌,徐毓.利用Xlib在Motif设计界面中实现画图.现代电子技术.2003.8：89-94
21王校民,林茂.MOTIF技术及其开发应用.石油工业计算机应用.2002.2
22 Jackie Neider, Tom Davis, Mason Woo. OpenGL Programming Guide. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.2007
23朱超军.OpenGL综述.科技信息.2010,(8)
24席裕庚.图形用户界面开发环境XWIN[J].计算机工程.1996,22(5)：23-25
25郭宝峰,蔡颖等.基于嵌入式系统的Motif图形界面开发技术研究.计算机工程与设计.2006,27(24)
26矫桂娥,张燎军,陈文龙,冉利军.OSF/Motif集成环境下如何编制OpenGL程序.电脑编程技巧与维护.2002.4(25)
27董渊渊,张秀恩.Linux系统Motif/OpenGL程序开发.机械工业出版社.2001.01
28 Bracewell R N. Two-Dimensional Imaging. Prentice Hall.1995
29 Scott.D.M, Sunshine.G, Rosen.L, Jochen.E. Industril application of process imaging & image processing. SPIE.2001,4188:1-9
30章毓晋.图像处理和分析基础.高等教育出版社.2002
31冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理[M].(2版)电子工业出版社.2002
32 Loupas T, McDicken W N, Allan P L. An Adaptive weighted median filter for speckle suppression in medical ultrasonic image[J]. IEEE Trans Circuits & Syst.1989,36(1)129-135
33吴炯等.数字图像中的边缘算法的实验研究[J].微计算机信息.2004,20(5)：106-107
34韩琳,傅勇,基于边缘算子的车牌图像二值化方法[J].计算机与数学工程.2007,35(1)：94-96
35赵昕,陈宜金,栾咏雪.数字图像处理中的边缘检测算法[J].科技信息.2006,11(3)：3-5
36李捷,唐星科,蒋延军.几种边缘检测算法的比较研究.信息技术2007(9)
37陈金西.数字图像分割系统设计.自然科学.2009,27(6)：36-41
38 Weszka J S. A survery of threshold selection techniques[J]. Computer Graphics and Image Process.1978,7:259-265
39 Sahoo P K,Soltani S, Wong A K C, Chen Y C. A survey of the thresholding techniques [J]. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Process,1988, 41(2):233-260
40 Pal N R, Pal S K. A review on image segmentation techniques[J]. Pattern Recognition.1993,26(9):1277-1294
41 Sezgin M, Sanker B. Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation[J]. Journal of Electronic Imaging.2004, 13(1):146-165
42 Zhang Y J. Segmentation evaluation and comparison:a study of several algorithms.1993. SPIE,2094:801-812
43 Gerbrands J J. Segmentation of Noisy Images. Delft University of Technology. The Netherlands.1988
44 Hao X, Gao S, Gao X. A novel muluscale nonlinear thresholding method for ultrasonic speckle suppressing[J]. IEEE Trans Medical Imaging. 1999.18(9):787-794
45徐新等.焊接缺陷成因及消除方法.科技信息.2009.12
46王学钢.常见焊接缺陷的成因和预防措施.科技信息.2009.32
47 Yong-Jai KWON, Seong-Beom SHIM, Dong-Hwan PARK. Friction stir welding of 5052 aluminum alloy plates. Science Press.2009.19:23-27
48 Li Lian, Tong Jianhua. Mocrostructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded thin sheeets of 2024-T4 aluminum alloy. Science Press. 2006.16:1256-1260
49陈浩.捆扎线材图像处理的识别方法研究[D].北京工业大学.2004
50汪存友,余嘉元.标准参照检测中标准设定的聚类分析法.南京师大学报.2010.1
51马瑾,陈立潮,张永梅.轮廓跟踪与边缘检测的图像自动识别.中北大学学报.2006,27(5)
52 Jain AK, Dubes RC. Algorithms for Clustering Data. Prentice-Hall Advanced Reference Series,1988.1-334
2 S.Chatillon, J.Porre. Simulation and data reconstruction for NTD phased array. Ultrasonics,2006(44):951-955
3 周乐,张志文.无损检测及其新技术.重庆工学院学报.2006.8
4 G A Georgiou, T B Wooldriqe. The Basic Principles, Capabilities and Limitations of Ultrasonic NDT, Part2. Basic Principles of Ultrasonic NDT Insight.2000,42(11):708-714
5 李衍.相控阵超声检测国际动态.无损探伤,2008,32(6)
6 R/D Tech inc. Introduction to phased array ultrasonic technology applications. Published by R/D Tech inc,2004
7 HAO Jun-cai. Non-destructive Evaluation of Composite Pressure Vessel by using FBG Sensors. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2007(20):120-123
8 张伟成.无损检测新技术.油气田地面工程.2008,27(2)
9 刘长福等.超声波相控阵技术原理及特点.河北电力技术.2008.6.
10 Rodriguez Miguel A, Miralles Ramon, Vergara Luis. Signal Processing for Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Evaluation:two Applications. NDT&E International.1998,31(1):93-97
11 A.Schenk,G.etal. Phased array technique for austenitic weld inspection. Ultrasonics.2003(35):421-422
12 Abittan Elie.Inspection of thermal barriers of primary pumps with phased array probe and piezocomposite technology. The e-Journal of Nondesdructive Testing,2000,5(7)
13 Chen Shi-Li, Zhan Xiang-Lin, Jin ShiJiu. Design of ultrasonic phased array in pipeline girth weld inspection. Tianjin Daxue Xuebao.2006,39(2):235-239
14 Didier Cassereau,Mathias Fink. The phased array technology-application to time-reversal in acoustics. IEEE.2000:461-464
15 Langlois Jocelyn.Use of flexible ultrasonic arrays in inspection.The e-Journal of Nondesdructive Testing.1999,4(3)
16 Jargen Arendt Jensen, Ole Holm, Lars Joost Jensen, etal. Experimental ultrasound system for real-time synthetic imaging. In:Proceedings of 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium.1999,1595-1599
17洪绍光.B型超声诊断仪原理、调试与维修.湖北科学技术出版社.2003
18冯若.超声诊断设备原理与设计.中国医药科技出版社.1993
19 Luo Shuo-Feng, Li Xue-Yao. A High Performance Object-Oriented Scene Graph System. Acta Simulata Systematica Sinica.2007,17(2):424-428
20金宏斌,徐毓.利用Xlib在Motif设计界面中实现画图.现代电子技术.2003.8：89-94
21王校民,林茂.MOTIF技术及其开发应用.石油工业计算机应用.2002.2
22 Jackie Neider, Tom Davis, Mason Woo. OpenGL Programming Guide. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.2007
23朱超军.OpenGL综述.科技信息.2010,(8)
24席裕庚.图形用户界面开发环境XWIN[J].计算机工程.1996,22(5)：23-25
25郭宝峰,蔡颖等.基于嵌入式系统的Motif图形界面开发技术研究.计算机工程与设计.2006,27(24)
26矫桂娥,张燎军,陈文龙,冉利军.OSF/Motif集成环境下如何编制OpenGL程序.电脑编程技巧与维护.2002.4(25)
27董渊渊,张秀恩.Linux系统Motif/OpenGL程序开发.机械工业出版社.2001.01
28 Bracewell R N. Two-Dimensional Imaging. Prentice Hall.1995
29 Scott.D.M, Sunshine.G, Rosen.L, Jochen.E. Industril application of process imaging & image processing. SPIE.2001,4188:1-9
30章毓晋.图像处理和分析基础.高等教育出版社.2002
31冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理[M].(2版)电子工业出版社.2002
32 Loupas T, McDicken W N, Allan P L. An Adaptive weighted median filter for speckle suppression in medical ultrasonic image[J]. IEEE Trans Circuits & Syst.1989,36(1)129-135
33吴炯等.数字图像中的边缘算法的实验研究[J].微计算机信息.2004,20(5)：106-107
34韩琳,傅勇,基于边缘算子的车牌图像二值化方法[J].计算机与数学工程.2007,35(1)：94-96
35赵昕,陈宜金,栾咏雪.数字图像处理中的边缘检测算法[J].科技信息.2006,11(3)：3-5
36李捷,唐星科,蒋延军.几种边缘检测算法的比较研究.信息技术2007(9)
37陈金西.数字图像分割系统设计.自然科学.2009,27(6)：36-41
38 Weszka J S. A survery of threshold selection techniques[J]. Computer Graphics and Image Process.1978,7:259-265
39 Sahoo P K,Soltani S, Wong A K C, Chen Y C. A survey of the thresholding techniques [J]. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Process,1988, 41(2):233-260
40 Pal N R, Pal S K. A review on image segmentation techniques[J]. Pattern Recognition.1993,26(9):1277-1294
41 Sezgin M, Sanker B. Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation[J]. Journal of Electronic Imaging.2004, 13(1):146-165
42 Zhang Y J. Segmentation evaluation and comparison:a study of several algorithms.1993. SPIE,2094:801-812
43 Gerbrands J J. Segmentation of Noisy Images. Delft University of Technology. The Netherlands.1988
44 Hao X, Gao S, Gao X. A novel muluscale nonlinear thresholding method for ultrasonic speckle suppressing[J]. IEEE Trans Medical Imaging. 1999.18(9):787-794
45徐新等.焊接缺陷成因及消除方法.科技信息.2009.12
46王学钢.常见焊接缺陷的成因和预防措施.科技信息.2009.32
47 Yong-Jai KWON, Seong-Beom SHIM, Dong-Hwan PARK. Friction stir welding of 5052 aluminum alloy plates. Science Press.2009.19:23-27
48 Li Lian, Tong Jianhua. Mocrostructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded thin sheeets of 2024-T4 aluminum alloy. Science Press. 2006.16:1256-1260
49陈浩.捆扎线材图像处理的识别方法研究[D].北京工业大学.2004
50汪存友,余嘉元.标准参照检测中标准设定的聚类分析法.南京师大学报.2010.1
51马瑾,陈立潮,张永梅.轮廓跟踪与边缘检测的图像自动识别.中北大学学报.2006,27(5)
52 Jain AK, Dubes RC. Algorithms for Clustering Data. Prentice-Hall Advanced Reference Series,1988.1-334