基于钢板矫直专家系统的研究与开发
|
摘要
众所周知，钢铁工业是我国乃至世界各国的基础工业之一，然而钢板的生产又是钢铁工业生产的重中之重，所以钢板的生产就显得非常重要。随着我国工业技术的发展，用户不仅对钢材的需求量日益增大，而且对钢材的精加工也提出了更高的要求。2250中厚板剪切生产线正是在这样的需求下研制而成的，而钢板矫直专家系统则是针对该剪切线控制系统中钢板矫直部分研制的。
钢板在轧制等过程中，由于各种原因，必然产生不同程度的塑性变形，因此必须对钢板进行矫直加工，使之成为合格产品。由于钢板矫直过程很复杂，并且大量的问题具有明显的经验性、模糊性和不确定性，所以难以用传统的数学方法准确地定义和描述。专家系统却可以使操作者和工程师的知识和专家技能与数学模型有机地结合起来，使用和处理不完全的信息，因此我们研究和开发了钢板矫直专家系统。
课题研究的过程中，我们对大量的专家知识、规则及相关数据进行了搜集和整理，对该系统进行了整体设计。基于ACCESS数据库建立了数据库，主要有板厚数据库、板宽数据库等，其中存储板材的板厚、板宽等有关物理参数以及板材的屈服强度和弹性模量等机械性能参数；将矫直规则和事实等知识存储起来，并可以通过查询机构对知识进行查询，还可以通过知识编辑方式来完成专家知识的建立、增加、删除和修改工作。在钢板矫直的过程中，由于矫直辊受损等不确定因素的影响，用传统的矫直模型来计算下压量，有时不能达到要求，矫直效果不好，因此我们引入神经网络模型对传统的推理过程进行了改进，从而对矫直辊的下压量给予了修正。
在钢板矫直方面的专家系统还没有被开发研制，因此从当前国内外对钢板的需求和国内的钢板矫直技术来看，研制这样一个专家系统能提高钢板矫直质量及自动化程度，从而提高我国板材的生产效率及质量。
It is known that iron and steel industry is one of the foundation industries of our country and the other countries all over the word. However the production of steel plates is of consequence in iron and steel industry. With the development of our country industry, users not only require the steels increasingly, but also demand highly finish machining. The product line of 2250 cutting steel plates is developed rightly in such requirement. And that Expert System in Straightening Plates is developed aiming at the control system in cutting steel plates.
In rolling steel plates, the plates will produce deformation for all kinds of reason. So straightening plates is being processed in order that they can turn into eligible products. The process of straightening plates is intricate and many problems are experiential, fuzzy and uncertain, hence it is difficult that they is defined and described by using the mathematic method. Expert system can combine the knowledge and the mathematic model and make use of the incomplete information. Therefore, we developed Expert System in Straightening Plates.
During the course of researching the problem, we do a lot of work. First of all, a large quantity of knowledge of expert, rules and data in point are collected and cleared up. Then the system is generally designed and leading task is analyzed in order that the system is applied effectively. We found the steel plate databases based ACCESS database, which have the plate thickness database, the plate width database and so on. There are parameters about the steel plates, such as plate thickness, plate width, bend intensity, elasticity modulus and so forth. The straightening knowledge is stored and may be consulted by corresponding organ. Furthermore, the knowledge is founded, added, deleted and amended. In straightening plates, the press values are inaccurate by conventional straightening mode. So neural network mode is introduced in order to improve the inferential process and amend the outputs.
The expert system in straightening plates has never developed. So the expert system can improve the precision and automation in straightening plates in the field of straightening plates. Consequently, the production efficiency and quality in steel plates in our country are also improved.
钢板在轧制等过程中，由于各种原因，必然产生不同程度的塑性变形，因此必须对钢板进行矫直加工，使之成为合格产品。由于钢板矫直过程很复杂，并且大量的问题具有明显的经验性、模糊性和不确定性，所以难以用传统的数学方法准确地定义和描述。专家系统却可以使操作者和工程师的知识和专家技能与数学模型有机地结合起来，使用和处理不完全的信息，因此我们研究和开发了钢板矫直专家系统。
课题研究的过程中，我们对大量的专家知识、规则及相关数据进行了搜集和整理，对该系统进行了整体设计。基于ACCESS数据库建立了数据库，主要有板厚数据库、板宽数据库等，其中存储板材的板厚、板宽等有关物理参数以及板材的屈服强度和弹性模量等机械性能参数；将矫直规则和事实等知识存储起来，并可以通过查询机构对知识进行查询，还可以通过知识编辑方式来完成专家知识的建立、增加、删除和修改工作。在钢板矫直的过程中，由于矫直辊受损等不确定因素的影响，用传统的矫直模型来计算下压量，有时不能达到要求，矫直效果不好，因此我们引入神经网络模型对传统的推理过程进行了改进，从而对矫直辊的下压量给予了修正。
在钢板矫直方面的专家系统还没有被开发研制，因此从当前国内外对钢板的需求和国内的钢板矫直技术来看，研制这样一个专家系统能提高钢板矫直质量及自动化程度，从而提高我国板材的生产效率及质量。
It is known that iron and steel industry is one of the foundation industries of our country and the other countries all over the word. However the production of steel plates is of consequence in iron and steel industry. With the development of our country industry, users not only require the steels increasingly, but also demand highly finish machining. The product line of 2250 cutting steel plates is developed rightly in such requirement. And that Expert System in Straightening Plates is developed aiming at the control system in cutting steel plates.
In rolling steel plates, the plates will produce deformation for all kinds of reason. So straightening plates is being processed in order that they can turn into eligible products. The process of straightening plates is intricate and many problems are experiential, fuzzy and uncertain, hence it is difficult that they is defined and described by using the mathematic method. Expert system can combine the knowledge and the mathematic model and make use of the incomplete information. Therefore, we developed Expert System in Straightening Plates.
During the course of researching the problem, we do a lot of work. First of all, a large quantity of knowledge of expert, rules and data in point are collected and cleared up. Then the system is generally designed and leading task is analyzed in order that the system is applied effectively. We found the steel plate databases based ACCESS database, which have the plate thickness database, the plate width database and so on. There are parameters about the steel plates, such as plate thickness, plate width, bend intensity, elasticity modulus and so forth. The straightening knowledge is stored and may be consulted by corresponding organ. Furthermore, the knowledge is founded, added, deleted and amended. In straightening plates, the press values are inaccurate by conventional straightening mode. So neural network mode is introduced in order to improve the inferential process and amend the outputs.
The expert system in straightening plates has never developed. So the expert system can improve the precision and automation in straightening plates in the field of straightening plates. Consequently, the production efficiency and quality in steel plates in our country are also improved.
引文
[1] 涂序彦．钢铁工业生产过程智能自动化．微计算机信息，1996．3．
[2] 陈键就．现代宽厚板矫直机．宝钢技术．1999．
[3] 刘颖，中板矫直机变辊距技术的研究，冶金设备，2001．No．5．
[4] 黄雨华等．辊式矫直机矫直变形理论新探．重型机械，1999．
[5] 杨双成．辊式矫直机矫直方案的优选与压下量的计算．重型机械．2000．
[6] 易粟，徐用懋，马竹梧．高炉异常炉况诊断专家系统．冶金自动化，2002(1)．
[7] 姚斌，杨天钧．铁水硅预报神经网络专家系统的遗传优化生成．钢铁，2000，35(4)．
[8] 颜波，张铁，谢存禧．电机自动装配线故障诊断模糊专家系统．计算机工程，2002，28(11)
[9] S.C. Liu, S.Y. Liu. An Efficient Expert System for Machine Fault Diagnosis. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Volume 21, Number 9. June 2003.
[10] M.E. Emiroglu, A. Tuna, A. Arslan. Development of an Expert System for Selection of Dam Type on Alluvium Foundations. Engineering with Computers. Volume 18, Number 1. April 2002
[11] 毕学工．人工智能和专家系统在钢铁工业中的应用．武汉：武汉科技大学学报，1995，18(2)．
[12] 龙光正，雷英杰，邢清华．分布协同式专家系统研究．空军工程大学学报，2003．4
[13] 黄可鸣．专家系统导论．南京：东南大学出版社，1988．
[14] 施鹏飞，姚远．人工智能教程．上海：上海交大出版社，1993．
[15] 林尧瑞，张钹，石纯一．专家系统原理与实践．北京：清华大学出版社，1988．
[16] 马鞍山钢铁设计院等．中小型轧钢机械设计与计算．冶金工业出版社，1979．
[17] 崔甫．矫直理论与参数计算．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1994．
[18] 王海文．轧钢机械设计．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1983．
[19] 李士勇．模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论．第1版．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1996．
[20] 邢伟荣．辊式板料矫平机型式的参数确定．锻压机械．，2002．
[21] 董聪，刘西拉．广义BP算法及网络容错性和泛化能力的研究．控制与决策，1998，Vol．13，No．2．
[22] 汪德馨，王宇川，陆劫平等，基于模糊推理的自适应BP算法，系统工程学报，1997 12(1)
[23] X.F. Zha, S. Y. E. Lim, S. C. Fok. Development of Expert System for Concurrent Product Design and Planning for Assembly. The International Joumal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Volume 15, Number 3. March 1999.
[24] 威德虎，康继昌．BP神经网络的设计．计算机工程与设计，1998，Vol．19，No．2．
[25] 孙增圻等．智能控制理论与技术．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社广西科学技术出版社，2000．
[26] 扬以涵，唐国庆，高曙．专家系统及其在电力系统中的应用．水利电力出版社，1995
[27] 何新贵．知识处理与专家系统．国防出版社，1990．
[28] 贾焰，王志英．知识库系统原理与技术．国防大学出版社，1993．
[29] 陈世福，陈兆乾．人工智能与知识工程．南京：南京大学出版社，1999．
[30] 王克宏，汤志忠，胡蓬等．知识工程与知识处理系统．清华大学出版社，1994．
[31] 吴凌云，王华．BP神经网络专家系统在故障诊断中的应用．信息技术，200302．
[32] 史济建，俞瑞钊．专家系统实现技术编著．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1995．
[33] 张文志，张玲娟，许秀梅．轧辊疲劳断裂分析专家系统的研制．重型机械，2002 No 3 03
[34] A.G. Mamalis, A.I. Grabehenko, A.I. Fedorovich, et al. Development of an Expert System of Diamond Grinding of Superhard Polycrystalline Materials Considering Grinding
Wheel Relief. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Volume 17, Number 7. April 2001.
[35] 马玉书等译．专家系统的开发方法．北京：石油工业出版社，1992．
[36] 曹立明等．知识处工程原理．中国矿业大学出版社，1995．
[37] 田盛丰，黄厚宽．人工智能与知识工程．中国铁道出版社，1999．
[38] 邹家祥等．冶金机械的力学行为．第1版．北京：科学出版社，1999．
[39] 邹光宇．专家系统发展状况及其应用前景．东北电力设计院，1998．
[40] 姜宁，吴桂清，罗文钦．基于多故障诊断专家系统的推理机的实现，微机发展2002．6．
[41] 闫彩萍，王锡田．专家系统综述．山西电力技术，1995．6．
[42] 来兴平，刘占魁．神经网络专家系统的人机界面设计与实现．包头钢铁学院学报，1995．4．
[43] J.G. Cai, J. Zhao, J. A. Hudson. Computerization of Rock Engineering Systems Using Neural Networks with an Expert System. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. Volume 31, Number 3. July 1998.
[44] 龙得应．人工神经网络专家系统应用研究．广东工业大学学报，2000．9．17(3)
[45] 徐志强，潘紫微．一种基于神经网络的专家系统构造方法．安徽工业大学学报，2001．4．18(2)
[46] 白素怀，李凡．基于人工神经网络的专家系统初探．西安邮电学院学报，2001．36(1)
[47] 何阿新．一种基于神经网络的专家系统的研制．自动化技术与应用，2001．5
[48] 冯改娥．神经网络与专家系统集成．山西青年管理干部学院学报，2000．2．13(2)
[49] 李新，何华灿．基于EP算法的模糊神经推理机研究．小型微型计算机系统，2003．3
[50] W. Shi, P. Iovenitti, R. Nagarajah. Expert System for Multidiameter Drill Selection: An Embedded Knowledge Base Approach. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Volume 15, Number 1. January 1999.
[51] 张树兵，戴红，陈哲．Visual Basic 6.0入门与提高．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[52] 孙越．Visual Basic数据库开发．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．
[53] W. Y. Zhang, S. B. Tor, G. A. Britton and Y.-M. Deng. A Knowledge-Based Expert System for Functional Design of Engineering Systems. Engineering with Computers (2001) 17.
[54] M. E. Emiroglu, A. Tunal and A. Arslan. Development of an Expert System for Selection of Dam Type on Alluvium Foundations. Engineering with Computers (2002) 18.
[55] A.S. Al-Homoud, G.A. Al-Masri. An expert system for analysis and design of cut slopes and embankments. Environmental Geology 39(1) November 1999.Cecile Fournier, An Expert System for EPMA, Mikrochim. Acta 132(2000).
[56] Michael Hadjimichaeh. A Meteorological Fuzzy Expert System Incorporating Subjective User Input. Knowledge and Information Systems (2002) 462.
[2] 陈键就．现代宽厚板矫直机．宝钢技术．1999．
[3] 刘颖，中板矫直机变辊距技术的研究，冶金设备，2001．No．5．
[4] 黄雨华等．辊式矫直机矫直变形理论新探．重型机械，1999．
[5] 杨双成．辊式矫直机矫直方案的优选与压下量的计算．重型机械．2000．
[6] 易粟，徐用懋，马竹梧．高炉异常炉况诊断专家系统．冶金自动化，2002(1)．
[7] 姚斌，杨天钧．铁水硅预报神经网络专家系统的遗传优化生成．钢铁，2000，35(4)．
[8] 颜波，张铁，谢存禧．电机自动装配线故障诊断模糊专家系统．计算机工程，2002，28(11)
[9] S.C. Liu, S.Y. Liu. An Efficient Expert System for Machine Fault Diagnosis. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Volume 21, Number 9. June 2003.
[10] M.E. Emiroglu, A. Tuna, A. Arslan. Development of an Expert System for Selection of Dam Type on Alluvium Foundations. Engineering with Computers. Volume 18, Number 1. April 2002
[11] 毕学工．人工智能和专家系统在钢铁工业中的应用．武汉：武汉科技大学学报，1995，18(2)．
[12] 龙光正，雷英杰，邢清华．分布协同式专家系统研究．空军工程大学学报，2003．4
[13] 黄可鸣．专家系统导论．南京：东南大学出版社，1988．
[14] 施鹏飞，姚远．人工智能教程．上海：上海交大出版社，1993．
[15] 林尧瑞，张钹，石纯一．专家系统原理与实践．北京：清华大学出版社，1988．
[16] 马鞍山钢铁设计院等．中小型轧钢机械设计与计算．冶金工业出版社，1979．
[17] 崔甫．矫直理论与参数计算．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1994．
[18] 王海文．轧钢机械设计．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1983．
[19] 李士勇．模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论．第1版．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1996．
[20] 邢伟荣．辊式板料矫平机型式的参数确定．锻压机械．，2002．
[21] 董聪，刘西拉．广义BP算法及网络容错性和泛化能力的研究．控制与决策，1998，Vol．13，No．2．
[22] 汪德馨，王宇川，陆劫平等，基于模糊推理的自适应BP算法，系统工程学报，1997 12(1)
[23] X.F. Zha, S. Y. E. Lim, S. C. Fok. Development of Expert System for Concurrent Product Design and Planning for Assembly. The International Joumal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Volume 15, Number 3. March 1999.
[24] 威德虎，康继昌．BP神经网络的设计．计算机工程与设计，1998，Vol．19，No．2．
[25] 孙增圻等．智能控制理论与技术．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社广西科学技术出版社，2000．
[26] 扬以涵，唐国庆，高曙．专家系统及其在电力系统中的应用．水利电力出版社，1995
[27] 何新贵．知识处理与专家系统．国防出版社，1990．
[28] 贾焰，王志英．知识库系统原理与技术．国防大学出版社，1993．
[29] 陈世福，陈兆乾．人工智能与知识工程．南京：南京大学出版社，1999．
[30] 王克宏，汤志忠，胡蓬等．知识工程与知识处理系统．清华大学出版社，1994．
[31] 吴凌云，王华．BP神经网络专家系统在故障诊断中的应用．信息技术，200302．
[32] 史济建，俞瑞钊．专家系统实现技术编著．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1995．
[33] 张文志，张玲娟，许秀梅．轧辊疲劳断裂分析专家系统的研制．重型机械，2002 No 3 03
[34] A.G. Mamalis, A.I. Grabehenko, A.I. Fedorovich, et al. Development of an Expert System of Diamond Grinding of Superhard Polycrystalline Materials Considering Grinding
Wheel Relief. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Volume 17, Number 7. April 2001.
[35] 马玉书等译．专家系统的开发方法．北京：石油工业出版社，1992．
[36] 曹立明等．知识处工程原理．中国矿业大学出版社，1995．
[37] 田盛丰，黄厚宽．人工智能与知识工程．中国铁道出版社，1999．
[38] 邹家祥等．冶金机械的力学行为．第1版．北京：科学出版社，1999．
[39] 邹光宇．专家系统发展状况及其应用前景．东北电力设计院，1998．
[40] 姜宁，吴桂清，罗文钦．基于多故障诊断专家系统的推理机的实现，微机发展2002．6．
[41] 闫彩萍，王锡田．专家系统综述．山西电力技术，1995．6．
[42] 来兴平，刘占魁．神经网络专家系统的人机界面设计与实现．包头钢铁学院学报，1995．4．
[43] J.G. Cai, J. Zhao, J. A. Hudson. Computerization of Rock Engineering Systems Using Neural Networks with an Expert System. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. Volume 31, Number 3. July 1998.
[44] 龙得应．人工神经网络专家系统应用研究．广东工业大学学报，2000．9．17(3)
[45] 徐志强，潘紫微．一种基于神经网络的专家系统构造方法．安徽工业大学学报，2001．4．18(2)
[46] 白素怀，李凡．基于人工神经网络的专家系统初探．西安邮电学院学报，2001．36(1)
[47] 何阿新．一种基于神经网络的专家系统的研制．自动化技术与应用，2001．5
[48] 冯改娥．神经网络与专家系统集成．山西青年管理干部学院学报，2000．2．13(2)
[49] 李新，何华灿．基于EP算法的模糊神经推理机研究．小型微型计算机系统，2003．3
[50] W. Shi, P. Iovenitti, R. Nagarajah. Expert System for Multidiameter Drill Selection: An Embedded Knowledge Base Approach. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Volume 15, Number 1. January 1999.
[51] 张树兵，戴红，陈哲．Visual Basic 6.0入门与提高．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[52] 孙越．Visual Basic数据库开发．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002．
[53] W. Y. Zhang, S. B. Tor, G. A. Britton and Y.-M. Deng. A Knowledge-Based Expert System for Functional Design of Engineering Systems. Engineering with Computers (2001) 17.
[54] M. E. Emiroglu, A. Tunal and A. Arslan. Development of an Expert System for Selection of Dam Type on Alluvium Foundations. Engineering with Computers (2002) 18.
[55] A.S. Al-Homoud, G.A. Al-Masri. An expert system for analysis and design of cut slopes and embankments. Environmental Geology 39(1) November 1999.Cecile Fournier, An Expert System for EPMA, Mikrochim. Acta 132(2000).
[56] Michael Hadjimichaeh. A Meteorological Fuzzy Expert System Incorporating Subjective User Input. Knowledge and Information Systems (2002) 462.