窄脉冲下分段层式线圈模型暂态过程研究
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摘要
气体绝缘全封闭组合变电站(GIS)中隔离开关和断路器在进行打开或闭合操作时,触头间会发生预击穿和多次重燃,形成特快速暂态过电压(VFTO)。VFTO对变压器危害极大,因此,构建变压器线圈等值电路,计算各种参数和沿变压器线圈的电位分布、梯度分布,对于减少变压器故障、保证电力系统安全可靠运行具有重要的意义。论文完成以下工作:
制作分段层式线圈模型,参考其结构特点以线圈的每一层为一个单元来建立数学计算模型。分析了电感参数计算公式中相关量取值情况对计算结果精确度的影响。利用电感测试仪实测了模型的电感参数,与计算值相吻合。
应用网孔法仿真计算分段层式线圈等值电路的暂态过程。在线圈等值电路首端施加波形参数分别为0.1/5μs和10/100ns的窄脉冲电压,计算各单元节点的电压波形,根据各单元节点的电压波形拟合沿线圈的电位分布和梯度分布。
根据已经建立的线圈等值电路和暂态过程计算方法,将波形参数分别为0.1/5μs和10/100ns的窄脉冲电压和求得的响应电压变换到频域得出电压传输函数和幅频特性曲线。
利用GMY-1型高压脉冲源等实验仪器实测在视在波前时间为10ns、幅值为450V的电压下分段层式线圈各单元节点的电压波形,根据各单元节点的电压波形拟合沿线圈的电位分布。根据入波电压和响应电压求出分段层式线圈电压传输函数的幅频特性曲线。
Prebreakdown and restrike, which results in very fast transient over voltage (VFTO), will occur, when disconnector and breaker belonged to GIS are opening or closing.It’s of great significance to complete the work for the reduction of transformer faults and the assurance of power system operation in safety,which include to establish equivalent circuit and calculate potential distribution and gradient distribution,parameters of the transformer winding with subsection and layer structure,since the harm of the VFTO for transformer.As follows are completed in this paper.
According to the model structure of the winding with subsection and layer structure,a lumped parameter model by single layer winding unit is brought forward.The related parameter values of the inductance calculation equation are analyzed.The measurement values by the inductance tester are consistent with the calculation values of the parameters in an actual winding model.
Transient process of the equivalent circuit of winding with subsection and layer structure is calculated by mesh analysis method,the narrow pulse voltage which waveform parameters are 0.1/5μs and 10/100ns are applied on the equivalent circuit of winding, according to the voltage waveforms which calculated through each unit,potential distribution and gradient distribution of all the windings unit are fitted.
According to the equivalent circuit of the winding and transient process calculation method,the narrow pulse voltage which waveform parameters are 0.1/5μs and 10/100ns and response voltage are transformed to frequency-domain in order to obtain the voltage transfer function and amplitude-frequency characteristic.
Through virtual front time is 10ns and 450V voltage produced by high voltage pulse generator, the voltage waveforms of each unit of winding with subsection and layer structure are measured,potential distribution and gradient distribution with all of winding units are fitted.The voltage transfer function and amplitude-frequency characteristic are calculated by input voltage and response voltage.
制作分段层式线圈模型,参考其结构特点以线圈的每一层为一个单元来建立数学计算模型。分析了电感参数计算公式中相关量取值情况对计算结果精确度的影响。利用电感测试仪实测了模型的电感参数,与计算值相吻合。
应用网孔法仿真计算分段层式线圈等值电路的暂态过程。在线圈等值电路首端施加波形参数分别为0.1/5μs和10/100ns的窄脉冲电压,计算各单元节点的电压波形,根据各单元节点的电压波形拟合沿线圈的电位分布和梯度分布。
根据已经建立的线圈等值电路和暂态过程计算方法,将波形参数分别为0.1/5μs和10/100ns的窄脉冲电压和求得的响应电压变换到频域得出电压传输函数和幅频特性曲线。
利用GMY-1型高压脉冲源等实验仪器实测在视在波前时间为10ns、幅值为450V的电压下分段层式线圈各单元节点的电压波形,根据各单元节点的电压波形拟合沿线圈的电位分布。根据入波电压和响应电压求出分段层式线圈电压传输函数的幅频特性曲线。
Prebreakdown and restrike, which results in very fast transient over voltage (VFTO), will occur, when disconnector and breaker belonged to GIS are opening or closing.It’s of great significance to complete the work for the reduction of transformer faults and the assurance of power system operation in safety,which include to establish equivalent circuit and calculate potential distribution and gradient distribution,parameters of the transformer winding with subsection and layer structure,since the harm of the VFTO for transformer.As follows are completed in this paper.
According to the model structure of the winding with subsection and layer structure,a lumped parameter model by single layer winding unit is brought forward.The related parameter values of the inductance calculation equation are analyzed.The measurement values by the inductance tester are consistent with the calculation values of the parameters in an actual winding model.
Transient process of the equivalent circuit of winding with subsection and layer structure is calculated by mesh analysis method,the narrow pulse voltage which waveform parameters are 0.1/5μs and 10/100ns are applied on the equivalent circuit of winding, according to the voltage waveforms which calculated through each unit,potential distribution and gradient distribution of all the windings unit are fitted.
According to the equivalent circuit of the winding and transient process calculation method,the narrow pulse voltage which waveform parameters are 0.1/5μs and 10/100ns and response voltage are transformed to frequency-domain in order to obtain the voltage transfer function and amplitude-frequency characteristic.
Through virtual front time is 10ns and 450V voltage produced by high voltage pulse generator, the voltage waveforms of each unit of winding with subsection and layer structure are measured,potential distribution and gradient distribution with all of winding units are fitted.The voltage transfer function and amplitude-frequency characteristic are calculated by input voltage and response voltage.
引文
[1]王晓莺.变压器故障与监测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:10-18.
[2] Shibuya Y,Fujita S,Shimomura T.Effects of very fast transient Over voltages on transformer[J].IEE Proc,Gener,Transm,Distrib,1999:459-464.
[3] Shibuya Y,Fujita S.Analysis of very fast transients in transformers [J].IEEE Proc,Geiier,Trururri,Dhtrib,2001:377-383.
[4] Ping Zhang,Youhua Wang,Xinpeng Nie.Transient modeling and analysis of transformer windings under VFTO[C].Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,2008:2442-2445.
[5] Marjan Popov,Senior Member.Analysis of very fast transients in layer-type transformer windings[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2007:238-247.
[6]梁贵书.陡波前过电压下变压器的建模及快速仿真算法研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2007:1-8.
[7]张喜乐.VFTO对电力变压器影响的时域仿真计算及实验研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2008:1-6.
[8]赵文清.电力变压器状态评估综述[J].变压器,2007,11(2):4-6.
[9] R G Rhudy,E L Owen,D K Sharma.Voltage distribution among the coils and turns of a form wound A . C . rotating machine exposed to impulse voltage[J].IEEE Trans,Energy Conversion,1986:50-58.
[10] M Gutierrez,R C Degeneff,P J McKenny,J M Schneider.Linear lumped parameter transformer model reduction technique[C].IEEE Trans,Power Del,1995:853-861.
[11] Morehed A,Mart,Ottevangers J.A high frequeney transformer model for EMTP[J].IEEE Trans,1993:945-949.
[12] Leon F,Semlyen A.Redueed order model for transformer transients [J].IEEE Transaetions on Power Delivery,1992:361-369.
[13]王赞基.超高压电压互感器冲击电压分布计算[J].变压器,1998,35(5):1-6.
[14]王赞基.大型变压器线圈暂态分析的一个模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1993,33(1):25-32.
[15]何青,王赞基.变压器线圈暂态的频域分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1995,35(1):39-45.
[16]王赞基.变压器线圈中特快速暂态仿真的建模[J].中国电机工程学报, 1996,16(6):300-305.
[17]杨钰,王赞基,邵冲.电力变压器的宽频带建模及阻抗分析[J].电工电能新技术,2009,28(1):11-15.
[18] Y Shibuya,S Fujita,N Hosokawa.Analysis of very fast transient overvoltage in transformer winding[J].IEE Proc,Gener,Transm,Distrib,1997:461-468.
[19] Y Shibuya,S Fujita.High frequency model and transient response of transformer windings[C] . Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002,Asia Pacific,2002:1839-1844.
[20] Y Shibuya,S Fujita.High frequency model of transformer winding [J].Elect,Eng,Jpn,2004:8-15.
[21]王赞基.建立计算冲击电压分布的等值电路方程的一种简便方法[J].电工技术学报,1989,(1):22-25.
[22]毛一之.大型电力变压器线圈中波过程中的数值计算[J].河北工业大学学报,1998,27(4):80-86.
[23]王赞基.多绕组变压器线圈波过程计算[D].北京:清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,1985:1-20.
[24]王赞基,刘秀成,刘玉凤.超高压电压互感器冲击电压分布计算[J].变压器,1998,35(5):2-6.
[25] G Lupo,C Petrarca,M Vitelli.Multiconductor transmission line analysis of step-front surges in machine windings[J].IEEE Transaction on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2002:467-478.
[26] Popov M,Sluis L,Paap G C.Computation of very fast transient over voltages in transformer windings[J].IEEE Transaetions on Power Delivery,2003: 1268-1274.
[27] Marjan Popov,Lou van der Sluis,RenéPeter Paul Smeets,Jose Lopez Roldan.Analysis of very fast transients in layer-type transformer windings [J].IEEE Trans,2007:238-247.
[28] Gustavsen B,Semlyen A.A robust approach for system identification in the frequency domain[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2004:1167-1173.
[29]梁贵书,张喜乐,王晓晖.特快速暂态过电压下变压器绕组高频电路模型的研究[J].高电压技术:2006,26(4):144-148.
[30]梁利辉,董华英,梁贵书.VFTO下变压器绕组电位分布的计算[J].华北电力大学学报,2009,36 (2):13-22.
[31]张喜乐,梁贵书,董华英.变压器绕组的特快速暂态建模[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(3):55-78.
[32] V Lovass-Nagy,C Szendy.Calculation of transient voltages in a transformer connected to a transmission line[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1964: 1133~1136.
[33] C S Indulkar,S N Saha,D P Kothari.Transient voltages in a transformer connected to a 500 kV transmission line[C].IEEE IPES Winter Meeting,New York,1985:3-8.
[34] C S Indulkar,Eigenvalue analysis of identical ladder networks[C].Journal of Electrical Engineering Education,1980:359-366.
[35] M F Gardner,J L Barnes.Transients in linear systems[J].IEEE Trans,1942:320-326.
[36] C S Indulkar,K Ramalingam.Transient voltages in ladder network of transformer winding and transmission line[C].Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference,POWERCON,2008:1-6.
[37]傅铁军,王赞基,辛朝辉.超高压GIS系统操作引起特快速暂态过电压VFTO对变压器影响的研究[J].变压器,2009,46(8):30-35.
[38]辛朝辉,傅铁军.大容量变压器内绕组短路强度研究[J].变压器,2009,46(8):39-42.
[39]张嘉祥.变压器线圈的波过程[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1986:40-42.
[40] P I Fergestad,T Henriksen.Inductances for the calculation of transient oscillations in transformers[J].IEEE Trans,Power App,1974:510-517.
[41] D J Wilcox,W G Hurley.Calculation of self and mutual impedances between section of transformer windings[J].IEE Proceeding,1989:308-314.
[42]郑殿春,窦玉雷.分段层式干式变压器线圈的暂态电压分布特性[J].变压器:2010.(6):13-16.
[43]郑殿春,窦玉雷.暂态电压下变压器线圈电感参数的计算[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报:2010.(5):31-34.
[44] Foo C F,Gong X H.Determination of winding losses of high frequency planar-type transformer finite-element method[C].Conference Publication Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives.Nottingham,1996:477-482.
[45] Paul C.Analysis of multi conductor transmission lines[C].Conference Publication Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives,Nottingham,1995:73-74.
[46]孟延辉,唐炬.变压器局部放电超高频信号传播特性仿真分析[J].重庆大学学报,2007,30(5):70-74.
[2] Shibuya Y,Fujita S,Shimomura T.Effects of very fast transient Over voltages on transformer[J].IEE Proc,Gener,Transm,Distrib,1999:459-464.
[3] Shibuya Y,Fujita S.Analysis of very fast transients in transformers [J].IEEE Proc,Geiier,Trururri,Dhtrib,2001:377-383.
[4] Ping Zhang,Youhua Wang,Xinpeng Nie.Transient modeling and analysis of transformer windings under VFTO[C].Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,2008:2442-2445.
[5] Marjan Popov,Senior Member.Analysis of very fast transients in layer-type transformer windings[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2007:238-247.
[6]梁贵书.陡波前过电压下变压器的建模及快速仿真算法研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2007:1-8.
[7]张喜乐.VFTO对电力变压器影响的时域仿真计算及实验研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2008:1-6.
[8]赵文清.电力变压器状态评估综述[J].变压器,2007,11(2):4-6.
[9] R G Rhudy,E L Owen,D K Sharma.Voltage distribution among the coils and turns of a form wound A . C . rotating machine exposed to impulse voltage[J].IEEE Trans,Energy Conversion,1986:50-58.
[10] M Gutierrez,R C Degeneff,P J McKenny,J M Schneider.Linear lumped parameter transformer model reduction technique[C].IEEE Trans,Power Del,1995:853-861.
[11] Morehed A,Mart,Ottevangers J.A high frequeney transformer model for EMTP[J].IEEE Trans,1993:945-949.
[12] Leon F,Semlyen A.Redueed order model for transformer transients [J].IEEE Transaetions on Power Delivery,1992:361-369.
[13]王赞基.超高压电压互感器冲击电压分布计算[J].变压器,1998,35(5):1-6.
[14]王赞基.大型变压器线圈暂态分析的一个模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1993,33(1):25-32.
[15]何青,王赞基.变压器线圈暂态的频域分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1995,35(1):39-45.
[16]王赞基.变压器线圈中特快速暂态仿真的建模[J].中国电机工程学报, 1996,16(6):300-305.
[17]杨钰,王赞基,邵冲.电力变压器的宽频带建模及阻抗分析[J].电工电能新技术,2009,28(1):11-15.
[18] Y Shibuya,S Fujita,N Hosokawa.Analysis of very fast transient overvoltage in transformer winding[J].IEE Proc,Gener,Transm,Distrib,1997:461-468.
[19] Y Shibuya,S Fujita.High frequency model and transient response of transformer windings[C] . Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002,Asia Pacific,2002:1839-1844.
[20] Y Shibuya,S Fujita.High frequency model of transformer winding [J].Elect,Eng,Jpn,2004:8-15.
[21]王赞基.建立计算冲击电压分布的等值电路方程的一种简便方法[J].电工技术学报,1989,(1):22-25.
[22]毛一之.大型电力变压器线圈中波过程中的数值计算[J].河北工业大学学报,1998,27(4):80-86.
[23]王赞基.多绕组变压器线圈波过程计算[D].北京:清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,1985:1-20.
[24]王赞基,刘秀成,刘玉凤.超高压电压互感器冲击电压分布计算[J].变压器,1998,35(5):2-6.
[25] G Lupo,C Petrarca,M Vitelli.Multiconductor transmission line analysis of step-front surges in machine windings[J].IEEE Transaction on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2002:467-478.
[26] Popov M,Sluis L,Paap G C.Computation of very fast transient over voltages in transformer windings[J].IEEE Transaetions on Power Delivery,2003: 1268-1274.
[27] Marjan Popov,Lou van der Sluis,RenéPeter Paul Smeets,Jose Lopez Roldan.Analysis of very fast transients in layer-type transformer windings [J].IEEE Trans,2007:238-247.
[28] Gustavsen B,Semlyen A.A robust approach for system identification in the frequency domain[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2004:1167-1173.
[29]梁贵书,张喜乐,王晓晖.特快速暂态过电压下变压器绕组高频电路模型的研究[J].高电压技术:2006,26(4):144-148.
[30]梁利辉,董华英,梁贵书.VFTO下变压器绕组电位分布的计算[J].华北电力大学学报,2009,36 (2):13-22.
[31]张喜乐,梁贵书,董华英.变压器绕组的特快速暂态建模[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(3):55-78.
[32] V Lovass-Nagy,C Szendy.Calculation of transient voltages in a transformer connected to a transmission line[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1964: 1133~1136.
[33] C S Indulkar,S N Saha,D P Kothari.Transient voltages in a transformer connected to a 500 kV transmission line[C].IEEE IPES Winter Meeting,New York,1985:3-8.
[34] C S Indulkar,Eigenvalue analysis of identical ladder networks[C].Journal of Electrical Engineering Education,1980:359-366.
[35] M F Gardner,J L Barnes.Transients in linear systems[J].IEEE Trans,1942:320-326.
[36] C S Indulkar,K Ramalingam.Transient voltages in ladder network of transformer winding and transmission line[C].Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference,POWERCON,2008:1-6.
[37]傅铁军,王赞基,辛朝辉.超高压GIS系统操作引起特快速暂态过电压VFTO对变压器影响的研究[J].变压器,2009,46(8):30-35.
[38]辛朝辉,傅铁军.大容量变压器内绕组短路强度研究[J].变压器,2009,46(8):39-42.
[39]张嘉祥.变压器线圈的波过程[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1986:40-42.
[40] P I Fergestad,T Henriksen.Inductances for the calculation of transient oscillations in transformers[J].IEEE Trans,Power App,1974:510-517.
[41] D J Wilcox,W G Hurley.Calculation of self and mutual impedances between section of transformer windings[J].IEE Proceeding,1989:308-314.
[42]郑殿春,窦玉雷.分段层式干式变压器线圈的暂态电压分布特性[J].变压器:2010.(6):13-16.
[43]郑殿春,窦玉雷.暂态电压下变压器线圈电感参数的计算[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报:2010.(5):31-34.
[44] Foo C F,Gong X H.Determination of winding losses of high frequency planar-type transformer finite-element method[C].Conference Publication Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives.Nottingham,1996:477-482.
[45] Paul C.Analysis of multi conductor transmission lines[C].Conference Publication Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives,Nottingham,1995:73-74.
[46]孟延辉,唐炬.变压器局部放电超高频信号传播特性仿真分析[J].重庆大学学报,2007,30(5):70-74.