海底观测网络水下接驳盒原型系统技术研究
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摘要
海底观测网络水下接驳技术是海洋科学与技术领域的前沿课题。将多个海底观测设备在水下连接,实现对各种海底观测设备所需电能和信息集中控制和管理的技术,称为水下接驳技术。应用水下接驳技术对电能和信息实施控制和管理的装置,称为接驳盒。传统的海洋观测技术受到电能长期供给和信息实时传送的限制。基于水下接驳技术的海底观测网络能够提供持续电能供给和实时高带宽数据传输,实现了对海底的长期连续实时原位观测。
在国家985工程2期浙江大学机电系统创新平台项目“海底观测网络试验平台”的资助下,本文在理论分析和实验测试的基础上,对海底观测网络水下接驳盒原型系统技术进行了较为系统的研究,并初步建成ZERO系统。主要研究内容与结论有：
1.提出了一种模块化的接驳盒原型系统结构。采用主控电路腔、高压转换腔和低压转换腔3个耐压密封腔体,实现了接驳盒原型系统的机电集成封装。基于第一强度理论,完成了接驳盒耐压腔体的强度设计计算和稳定性校核,并利用ANSYS软件对耐压腔体和端盖进行了仿真分析,保证了接驳盒能够用于深海高压环境。接驳盒耐压腔体使用双层O形密封圈实现了可靠的轴向密封。采用腔体内部充油散热和端盖散热相结合的方法,保证了接驳盒系统的稳定运行。
2.提出了一种由监控中心层、主干网层和子网层构成的海底观测网络系统结构。参照OSI/RM模型,设计了一种基于TCP/IP协议的主干网通信协议分层模型。针对信息传输的实时性要求,采用了基于TCP/IP协议的光以太网技术、Modbus协议、RS485协议和应用层自定义协议相结合的方法,实现了海底观测网络的数据采集及相应的通信控制。采用SNTP服务器对时和指令帧对时相结合的组合授时方法,实现了系统的精确时间同步。
3.通过对高压直流输电和交流输电的对比分析,确定ZERO系统采用金属导线回路方式实现高压直流输电。分析了PWM控制、双管正激变换和ISOP组合系统的输入侧均压和输出侧均流技术,提出了将功率MOSFET以输入串联输出并联的方式连接,采用基于PWM电流型反馈控制的双管正激电路的方法,实现了接驳盒的2kV/400V DC/DC变换器的2kV DC高压直流电能到400V DC中压直流电能的转换。
4.设计了基于MSP430F149单片机的接驳盒电能管理系统,采用霍尔电流传感器测量海底观测设备的电流,采用分压的方法测量电压,使用热敏电阻测量接驳盒内部的温度,并通过机械继电器开关的远程分合控制,实现了海底观测设备的电能分配控制。
5.开展了ZERO接驳盒系统的实验室高压舱和水池实验研究,实验结果表明了所设计的水下接驳盒原型系统能够应用于海底的高压环境,验证了水下接驳技术的有效性和可靠性。
本文的研究成果为我国实际的海底观测网络的建设进行了先期的理论研究,提供了重要的理论基础和关键技术支撑。所研制的水下接驳盒原型系统在海洋环境监测、海啸灾害监测和海底资源勘探等领域都具有广阔的应用前景。
Underwater junction technology of seafloor observatory network has become the forefront subject of the ocean science and technology. Underwater junction technology connects several seafloor observation instruments underwater, and implements centralize control and management for electric energy and information of various seafloor observation instruments. Junction box is a kind of equipment which applies underwater junction technology to control and manage electric energy and information. Conventional ocean observation technology is restricted by long-term electric energy supply and realtime information transmission. Seafloor observatory network based on underwater junction technology provides continuous electric energy supply and realtime high-bandwidth data transfer, and implements long-term continuous realtime in-situ observation for seafloor.
This dissertation is supported by the Second Stage of the National985Project for the Mechatronic System Innovation Platform of Zhejiang University (Project title: Seafloor Observatory Network Test Platform). By means of theoretical analysis and experimental test, underwater junction box prototype system technology of seafloor observatory network is studied in this dissertation, and the Zhejiang University Experimental Research Observatory (ZERO) system has been built basically. The main contributions of this work are as follows:
1. A modularization framework of junction box prototype system is proposed. Three waterproof pressure-resistant housings including communication control housing, high voltage converter housing and low voltage converter housing, were chosen as mechanical and electronic integration encapsulation structure of the junction box prototype system. Intensity design calculation and stability verifying for the pressure-resistant housing of junction box were fulfilled based on the first intensity theory. ANSYS software was chosen to complete simulation analysis for the pressure-resistant housing and end cap. Accordingly, the junction box can work reliably in the deepsea high-pressure environment. Two O ring were used to implement reliable axial seal. A method combining oil-filled housing heat dissipation and end cap heat dissipation was chosen to assure steady work of the junction box system.
2. A sort of system architecture of seafloor observatory network was presented, which is composed of the control center layer, the backbone network layer, and the subnet layer. Referring to OSI/RM model, a kind of communication protocol layered model based on TCP/IP of the backbone network was designed. Considering the real-time request of the information transmission, the optic Ethernet technology based on TCP/IP, the Modbus protocol, the RS485protocol, and the application layer user-defined protocol were chosen to implement data collection and corresponding communication control for seafloor observatory network. Combinatorial timing method including the SNTP server timing and the command frame timing were chosen to implement accurate system time synchronism.
3. Based on comparative analysis of direct current and alternating current high-voltage power transmission, metal conductor loop mode was chosen for high-voltage direct current power transmission of ZERO system. PWM control, two-transistor forward conversion, and input-side voltage sharing output-side current sharing of input-series output-parallel (ISOP) combinatorial system were analyzed. By arraying power MOSFET parts in series on the input-side and in parallel on the output-side, a new method based on PWM current feedback control and two-transistor forward circuit was proposed to transform2kV high-voltage DC to400V middle-voltage DC for the2kV/400V DC/DC converter of junction box.
4. The electric power management system based on single chip processor MSP430F149of junction box was designed. Hall electric current sensor was chosen to measure electric current for seafloor observation instruments. Resistance voltage divider was chosen to measure electric voltage. Thermal resistor was chosen to measure internal temperature of junction box. By remote on-off control of the relay, the electric energy distribution control was implemented for seafloor observation instruments.
5. High-pressure chamber and pool experiments for ZERO junction box system were performed in the laboratory, and the experiments results manifest that the underwater junction box prototype system can be used in the high-pressure seafloor environment. Accordingly, the underwater junction technology developed is effective and reliable.
It's certain that the results of present research provide important theoretical research basis and key technology support for the building of Chinese practical seafloor observatory network. The underwater junction box prototype system has the advantage that it can also be used in applications such as marine environmental monitoring, tsunami disaster monitoring, seafloor resource exploration.
在国家985工程2期浙江大学机电系统创新平台项目“海底观测网络试验平台”的资助下,本文在理论分析和实验测试的基础上,对海底观测网络水下接驳盒原型系统技术进行了较为系统的研究,并初步建成ZERO系统。主要研究内容与结论有：
1.提出了一种模块化的接驳盒原型系统结构。采用主控电路腔、高压转换腔和低压转换腔3个耐压密封腔体,实现了接驳盒原型系统的机电集成封装。基于第一强度理论,完成了接驳盒耐压腔体的强度设计计算和稳定性校核,并利用ANSYS软件对耐压腔体和端盖进行了仿真分析,保证了接驳盒能够用于深海高压环境。接驳盒耐压腔体使用双层O形密封圈实现了可靠的轴向密封。采用腔体内部充油散热和端盖散热相结合的方法,保证了接驳盒系统的稳定运行。
2.提出了一种由监控中心层、主干网层和子网层构成的海底观测网络系统结构。参照OSI/RM模型,设计了一种基于TCP/IP协议的主干网通信协议分层模型。针对信息传输的实时性要求,采用了基于TCP/IP协议的光以太网技术、Modbus协议、RS485协议和应用层自定义协议相结合的方法,实现了海底观测网络的数据采集及相应的通信控制。采用SNTP服务器对时和指令帧对时相结合的组合授时方法,实现了系统的精确时间同步。
3.通过对高压直流输电和交流输电的对比分析,确定ZERO系统采用金属导线回路方式实现高压直流输电。分析了PWM控制、双管正激变换和ISOP组合系统的输入侧均压和输出侧均流技术,提出了将功率MOSFET以输入串联输出并联的方式连接,采用基于PWM电流型反馈控制的双管正激电路的方法,实现了接驳盒的2kV/400V DC/DC变换器的2kV DC高压直流电能到400V DC中压直流电能的转换。
4.设计了基于MSP430F149单片机的接驳盒电能管理系统,采用霍尔电流传感器测量海底观测设备的电流,采用分压的方法测量电压,使用热敏电阻测量接驳盒内部的温度,并通过机械继电器开关的远程分合控制,实现了海底观测设备的电能分配控制。
5.开展了ZERO接驳盒系统的实验室高压舱和水池实验研究,实验结果表明了所设计的水下接驳盒原型系统能够应用于海底的高压环境,验证了水下接驳技术的有效性和可靠性。
本文的研究成果为我国实际的海底观测网络的建设进行了先期的理论研究,提供了重要的理论基础和关键技术支撑。所研制的水下接驳盒原型系统在海洋环境监测、海啸灾害监测和海底资源勘探等领域都具有广阔的应用前景。
Underwater junction technology of seafloor observatory network has become the forefront subject of the ocean science and technology. Underwater junction technology connects several seafloor observation instruments underwater, and implements centralize control and management for electric energy and information of various seafloor observation instruments. Junction box is a kind of equipment which applies underwater junction technology to control and manage electric energy and information. Conventional ocean observation technology is restricted by long-term electric energy supply and realtime information transmission. Seafloor observatory network based on underwater junction technology provides continuous electric energy supply and realtime high-bandwidth data transfer, and implements long-term continuous realtime in-situ observation for seafloor.
This dissertation is supported by the Second Stage of the National985Project for the Mechatronic System Innovation Platform of Zhejiang University (Project title: Seafloor Observatory Network Test Platform). By means of theoretical analysis and experimental test, underwater junction box prototype system technology of seafloor observatory network is studied in this dissertation, and the Zhejiang University Experimental Research Observatory (ZERO) system has been built basically. The main contributions of this work are as follows:
1. A modularization framework of junction box prototype system is proposed. Three waterproof pressure-resistant housings including communication control housing, high voltage converter housing and low voltage converter housing, were chosen as mechanical and electronic integration encapsulation structure of the junction box prototype system. Intensity design calculation and stability verifying for the pressure-resistant housing of junction box were fulfilled based on the first intensity theory. ANSYS software was chosen to complete simulation analysis for the pressure-resistant housing and end cap. Accordingly, the junction box can work reliably in the deepsea high-pressure environment. Two O ring were used to implement reliable axial seal. A method combining oil-filled housing heat dissipation and end cap heat dissipation was chosen to assure steady work of the junction box system.
2. A sort of system architecture of seafloor observatory network was presented, which is composed of the control center layer, the backbone network layer, and the subnet layer. Referring to OSI/RM model, a kind of communication protocol layered model based on TCP/IP of the backbone network was designed. Considering the real-time request of the information transmission, the optic Ethernet technology based on TCP/IP, the Modbus protocol, the RS485protocol, and the application layer user-defined protocol were chosen to implement data collection and corresponding communication control for seafloor observatory network. Combinatorial timing method including the SNTP server timing and the command frame timing were chosen to implement accurate system time synchronism.
3. Based on comparative analysis of direct current and alternating current high-voltage power transmission, metal conductor loop mode was chosen for high-voltage direct current power transmission of ZERO system. PWM control, two-transistor forward conversion, and input-side voltage sharing output-side current sharing of input-series output-parallel (ISOP) combinatorial system were analyzed. By arraying power MOSFET parts in series on the input-side and in parallel on the output-side, a new method based on PWM current feedback control and two-transistor forward circuit was proposed to transform2kV high-voltage DC to400V middle-voltage DC for the2kV/400V DC/DC converter of junction box.
4. The electric power management system based on single chip processor MSP430F149of junction box was designed. Hall electric current sensor was chosen to measure electric current for seafloor observation instruments. Resistance voltage divider was chosen to measure electric voltage. Thermal resistor was chosen to measure internal temperature of junction box. By remote on-off control of the relay, the electric energy distribution control was implemented for seafloor observation instruments.
5. High-pressure chamber and pool experiments for ZERO junction box system were performed in the laboratory, and the experiments results manifest that the underwater junction box prototype system can be used in the high-pressure seafloor environment. Accordingly, the underwater junction technology developed is effective and reliable.
It's certain that the results of present research provide important theoretical research basis and key technology support for the building of Chinese practical seafloor observatory network. The underwater junction box prototype system has the advantage that it can also be used in applications such as marine environmental monitoring, tsunami disaster monitoring, seafloor resource exploration.
引文
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