广西田七药材质量的研究
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摘要
田七是广西的道地中药材,为了明确其药材的质量及其特征,本文对广西田七总黄酮的提取与含量测定工艺进行了研究,并对田七的药材性状、常规指标、有效成分皂苷、总黄酮、多糖等含量以及重金属(Pb,Cu,Hg,As和Cd)和主要微量元素(Zn,Fe,Ni和Se)的含量进行分析,与云南三七的质量进行比较,结合田七化学指纹图谱特征对广西田七质量特征进行系统的研究。研究结果如下:
1、通过单因素和正交试验确定超声波提取田七总黄酮的工艺,以70%乙醇为溶剂,按照料液比为1:20,超声波提取3次,每次提取40min为最佳。利用高效液相色谱仪同时测定田七中人参皂苷Rg_1、Rb_1、Re与三七皂苷R_1的含量,优选出适宜的流动相乙腈-水的梯度,各单体间得到很好的分离,方法准确可靠。
2、明确田七药材质量,药材的水分、灰分、酸不溶灰分和醇溶性浸出物以及人参皂苷Rg_1、Rb_1与三七皂苷R_1含量之和符合药典的要求。重金属Pb、Cu、Hg和As元素含量符合药用植物绿色行业标准,而样品中Cd元素稍偏高。
3、不同产地田七的HPLC指纹图谱的峰形一致,共有峰面积存在差异;总皂苷含量差异小,总黄酮和多糖含量差异较大;田七不同部位的有效成分及重金属和微量元素含量均存在差异,总皂苷及各单体皂苷的含量以根茎为最高,须根中最低,总黄酮的含量顺序为:根茎＞支根＞须根＞主根;多糖的含量顺序为:支根＞主根＞根茎＞须根;不同部位重金属及微量元素的含量有差异,Pb、Cu、Hg、As以须根中含量最高,其次为根茎,主根的最低,而Cd含量在根茎中最高;各微量元素在须根中含量最高。
4、田七与三七药材HPLC指纹图谱的峰形一致,田七的总黄酮以及人参皂苷Re明显高于三七,而其三七皂苷R_1含量低于三七,两者的总皂苷及多糖的含量差异较小,4个单体皂苷含量组成比例不一致。在药材外观性状上基本一致,田七主根占整个地下部分的比重大于三七,田七的水溶性浸出物比三七的高,而醇溶性浸出物低于三七的。
Tianqi(Panaxnotoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen)was suggested a genuine Chinese medicinal material produced in Guangxi.In order to evaluate it's quality,in this paper,the total flavonoids extraction and determination method were established,the medicinal material properties were studied,the contents of conventional indexes,saponins,total flavonoids and polysaccharide,also heavy metals(Pb,Cu,Hg,As and Cd)and trace elements(Zn,Fe,Ni and Se)were determined,the quality of Tianqi and Sanqi were compared,combining the chemistry fingerprint characters,and then the quality of Tianqi was studied systemically The results were summarized as follows:
1.The total flavonoids extraction condition was determined by single factor and orthogonal design experiments,the optimum extraction was as follows:the solid -liquid ratio 1:20,the extraction time 40 min and extracted 3 times with 70%alcohol.The contents Of ginsenoside Rg_1,ginsenoside Rb_1, ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside R_1 were determined simultaneity by HPLC,and the best composition of mobile phase acetonitrile-water was selected,4 monomer saponin could be separated completely.The method was simple,accurate and suitable for determining the monomer saponin of Tianqi.
2.The contents of conventional indexes(including water,total ash, acid-insoluble ash,alcohol-soluble extract),also the total content of ginsenoside Rg_1,ginsenoside Rb_1 and notoginsenoside R_1 in Tianqi accorded with the standard of Sanqi recorded in Chinese pharmacopeia,and the contents of heavy metals(except Cd)accorded with the green medicinal plants standard.
3.The HPLC fingerprints peak profile of different Tianqi samples were very similarly,and the common peak area had difference,The difference of total saponins content was smaller than total flavonoids and polysaccharide content in Tianqi collected from different producing area.The compounds content were different in different parts of drug.The contents of total saponins and 4 monomer saponin were the highest in rhizome,and were the lowest in fibre,total flavonoids content had a change trends as rhizome＞rootlet＞fibre＞taproot,the content sequence of polysaccharide was rootlet＞taproot＞rhizome＞fibre,Heavy metal and trace element content also had difference in different parts,and contents of Pb,Cu,Hg,As were the highest in fibre,the next were in rhizome,and the lowest in taproot,but the content of Cd was the highest in rhizome,Elements contents were highest in fibre, secondly were in taproot.
4.The HPLC fingerprints peak profile of Tianqi and Sanqi was similar, the total flavonoids and ginsenoside Re content in Tianqi were higher than that in Sanqi,but the content of notoginsenosideR_1 was lower,total saponins and polysaccharide content had not significantly difference,and the ratios of 4 monomer saponin were different between Tianqi and Sanqi.There were not remarkably difference in medicinal material properties,the ratio of taproot and underground parts in Tianqi was bigger than that in Sanqi,but ratio of rhizoma and underground parts in Tianqi was smaller than that in Sanqi. Alcohol-soluble extract content of Tianqi was lower than that in Sanqi,but water-soluble extract had a contrary trend.
1、通过单因素和正交试验确定超声波提取田七总黄酮的工艺,以70%乙醇为溶剂,按照料液比为1:20,超声波提取3次,每次提取40min为最佳。利用高效液相色谱仪同时测定田七中人参皂苷Rg_1、Rb_1、Re与三七皂苷R_1的含量,优选出适宜的流动相乙腈-水的梯度,各单体间得到很好的分离,方法准确可靠。
2、明确田七药材质量,药材的水分、灰分、酸不溶灰分和醇溶性浸出物以及人参皂苷Rg_1、Rb_1与三七皂苷R_1含量之和符合药典的要求。重金属Pb、Cu、Hg和As元素含量符合药用植物绿色行业标准,而样品中Cd元素稍偏高。
3、不同产地田七的HPLC指纹图谱的峰形一致,共有峰面积存在差异;总皂苷含量差异小,总黄酮和多糖含量差异较大;田七不同部位的有效成分及重金属和微量元素含量均存在差异,总皂苷及各单体皂苷的含量以根茎为最高,须根中最低,总黄酮的含量顺序为:根茎＞支根＞须根＞主根;多糖的含量顺序为:支根＞主根＞根茎＞须根;不同部位重金属及微量元素的含量有差异,Pb、Cu、Hg、As以须根中含量最高,其次为根茎,主根的最低,而Cd含量在根茎中最高;各微量元素在须根中含量最高。
4、田七与三七药材HPLC指纹图谱的峰形一致,田七的总黄酮以及人参皂苷Re明显高于三七,而其三七皂苷R_1含量低于三七,两者的总皂苷及多糖的含量差异较小,4个单体皂苷含量组成比例不一致。在药材外观性状上基本一致,田七主根占整个地下部分的比重大于三七,田七的水溶性浸出物比三七的高,而醇溶性浸出物低于三七的。
Tianqi(Panaxnotoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen)was suggested a genuine Chinese medicinal material produced in Guangxi.In order to evaluate it's quality,in this paper,the total flavonoids extraction and determination method were established,the medicinal material properties were studied,the contents of conventional indexes,saponins,total flavonoids and polysaccharide,also heavy metals(Pb,Cu,Hg,As and Cd)and trace elements(Zn,Fe,Ni and Se)were determined,the quality of Tianqi and Sanqi were compared,combining the chemistry fingerprint characters,and then the quality of Tianqi was studied systemically The results were summarized as follows:
1.The total flavonoids extraction condition was determined by single factor and orthogonal design experiments,the optimum extraction was as follows:the solid -liquid ratio 1:20,the extraction time 40 min and extracted 3 times with 70%alcohol.The contents Of ginsenoside Rg_1,ginsenoside Rb_1, ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside R_1 were determined simultaneity by HPLC,and the best composition of mobile phase acetonitrile-water was selected,4 monomer saponin could be separated completely.The method was simple,accurate and suitable for determining the monomer saponin of Tianqi.
2.The contents of conventional indexes(including water,total ash, acid-insoluble ash,alcohol-soluble extract),also the total content of ginsenoside Rg_1,ginsenoside Rb_1 and notoginsenoside R_1 in Tianqi accorded with the standard of Sanqi recorded in Chinese pharmacopeia,and the contents of heavy metals(except Cd)accorded with the green medicinal plants standard.
3.The HPLC fingerprints peak profile of different Tianqi samples were very similarly,and the common peak area had difference,The difference of total saponins content was smaller than total flavonoids and polysaccharide content in Tianqi collected from different producing area.The compounds content were different in different parts of drug.The contents of total saponins and 4 monomer saponin were the highest in rhizome,and were the lowest in fibre,total flavonoids content had a change trends as rhizome＞rootlet＞fibre＞taproot,the content sequence of polysaccharide was rootlet＞taproot＞rhizome＞fibre,Heavy metal and trace element content also had difference in different parts,and contents of Pb,Cu,Hg,As were the highest in fibre,the next were in rhizome,and the lowest in taproot,but the content of Cd was the highest in rhizome,Elements contents were highest in fibre, secondly were in taproot.
4.The HPLC fingerprints peak profile of Tianqi and Sanqi was similar, the total flavonoids and ginsenoside Re content in Tianqi were higher than that in Sanqi,but the content of notoginsenosideR_1 was lower,total saponins and polysaccharide content had not significantly difference,and the ratios of 4 monomer saponin were different between Tianqi and Sanqi.There were not remarkably difference in medicinal material properties,the ratio of taproot and underground parts in Tianqi was bigger than that in Sanqi,but ratio of rhizoma and underground parts in Tianqi was smaller than that in Sanqi. Alcohol-soluble extract content of Tianqi was lower than that in Sanqi,but water-soluble extract had a contrary trend.
引文
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