小电流接地系统的状态监测及接地故障研究
|
摘要
在我国中压配电系统中,广泛采用中性点小电流接地方式。做好小电流接地系统运行的状态监测工作,对于保障生产用电和人民生活用电的可靠、安全性具有重大意义。
本文主要针对小电流接地系统中状态监测的一些特点,通过理论推导、现场数据记录验证、模拟分析和仿真等方法对线路绝缘在线监测的实现、接地故障线路的甄别和电气设备状态的温度解读算法等方面进行了研究,完成了如下研究工作:
本文就不停电绝缘在线监测问题进行了研究,借助电磁场和行波理论,提出了一种基于短暂扰动注入的输配电线路状态在线监测新方法。该方法可以完全实现线路绝缘的带电在线监测;通过分叉点注入和电压的短暂钳位技术,实现了各分支线路的独立监测。
本文针对消弧线圈接地系统在单相接地故障时故障线路甄别困难问题,提出了零序电流比例增量判别法。该方法利用故障线路零序电流变化率大于非故障线路的原理来实现线路甄别。本文还构建了基于多种故障线路甄别算法综合的模糊判据体系,实例分析表明该体系可以有效提高算法的可靠性。
本文研究了两相接地时主要电气量的变化,提出了将负序电流检测法用于单相接地异相高阻接地(漏电)故障的线路甄别。
本文在对温度时域传导过程分析的基础上,提出了一种在线监测设备中电接触元件电阻变化的时域参考模型法。该方法可根据经验来选择近似的参考模型,只获取温度的快速变化信号,对变化缓慢的环境温度不敏感。
本文在对温度传导过程频域分析的基础上,给出了温度传递延滞时间的频域相角表达式。借助Daubechies小波,研究了温度变化的时频域信息提取方法。该方法对于评估装置内耗电阻的变化十分有效。
In China, small current grounding system has been used in most of the medium voltage power distribution networks. Therefore, to monitor the conditions of the small current grounding system and detect the possible failurs in the distribution lines is of great significance to ensure a reliable electricity supply for industrial and domestic customers.
This paper has mainly focused on the characteristics of the small current grounding system and its condition monitoring. By means of theoretical analysis, simulations and practical field data validations, researches have been carried out on some related topics as: online inspection of insultaion conditions, grounding-fault line screening and detection, and algorithmes for using temperature to intepret the conditions of electric devices.
This paper has studied how to monitor the insulation conditons of a power system at online circumstances. It suggests a new short-time disturbance method for state monitoring of the power transmission and distribution lines using electromagnetic field and wavelet transform theories. The method has the characteristics of being able to realize online monitoring of possible insulation problem. By injection through the bifurcate points using voltage transient clamping technology, it can achieve independent monitoring of all branch lines.
This paper gives a new screening method based on the ratio of current increment at the zero sequence. Because the current change ratio of the zero sequence in the fault line is greater than other normal lines, the fault line can be easily detected. The advantage of the method is that it is suitable for all neutral point grounding systems. Furthermore, through theoretical analysis and derivation, a multi-algorithm based fuzzy screening system is constructed for the detection of fault lines. A verification example shows that the system can effectively improve the reliability of the result than each individual algorithm does.
In this paper, the changes of major electrical parameters in the two-phase grounding case are discussed. It also suggests a negative sequence current detection method to discover the fault in the case of one single-phase ground and another phase with high impedance grounding problem (current leakage).
Based on the analysis how temperature is transmitted within time domain, a reference model in time domain is suggested to monitor the electrical contact resistance changes in a power device. This method uses experience data to select the reference model. It only responds to rapid changes in the temperature of the device but is not so sensitive to the slow variations in the environment temperature.
This paper has also studied temperature transmission in the frequency domain. A frequency phase expression is deduced to describe the time delay of temperature transmission in the frequency domain. This paper has made further study about using Daubechies wavelets method to extract temperature changes from both time and frequency domains. The method shows to be very useful for assessing the internal loss resistance of the electric devices.
本文主要针对小电流接地系统中状态监测的一些特点,通过理论推导、现场数据记录验证、模拟分析和仿真等方法对线路绝缘在线监测的实现、接地故障线路的甄别和电气设备状态的温度解读算法等方面进行了研究,完成了如下研究工作:
本文就不停电绝缘在线监测问题进行了研究,借助电磁场和行波理论,提出了一种基于短暂扰动注入的输配电线路状态在线监测新方法。该方法可以完全实现线路绝缘的带电在线监测;通过分叉点注入和电压的短暂钳位技术,实现了各分支线路的独立监测。
本文针对消弧线圈接地系统在单相接地故障时故障线路甄别困难问题,提出了零序电流比例增量判别法。该方法利用故障线路零序电流变化率大于非故障线路的原理来实现线路甄别。本文还构建了基于多种故障线路甄别算法综合的模糊判据体系,实例分析表明该体系可以有效提高算法的可靠性。
本文研究了两相接地时主要电气量的变化,提出了将负序电流检测法用于单相接地异相高阻接地(漏电)故障的线路甄别。
本文在对温度时域传导过程分析的基础上,提出了一种在线监测设备中电接触元件电阻变化的时域参考模型法。该方法可根据经验来选择近似的参考模型,只获取温度的快速变化信号,对变化缓慢的环境温度不敏感。
本文在对温度传导过程频域分析的基础上,给出了温度传递延滞时间的频域相角表达式。借助Daubechies小波,研究了温度变化的时频域信息提取方法。该方法对于评估装置内耗电阻的变化十分有效。
In China, small current grounding system has been used in most of the medium voltage power distribution networks. Therefore, to monitor the conditions of the small current grounding system and detect the possible failurs in the distribution lines is of great significance to ensure a reliable electricity supply for industrial and domestic customers.
This paper has mainly focused on the characteristics of the small current grounding system and its condition monitoring. By means of theoretical analysis, simulations and practical field data validations, researches have been carried out on some related topics as: online inspection of insultaion conditions, grounding-fault line screening and detection, and algorithmes for using temperature to intepret the conditions of electric devices.
This paper has studied how to monitor the insulation conditons of a power system at online circumstances. It suggests a new short-time disturbance method for state monitoring of the power transmission and distribution lines using electromagnetic field and wavelet transform theories. The method has the characteristics of being able to realize online monitoring of possible insulation problem. By injection through the bifurcate points using voltage transient clamping technology, it can achieve independent monitoring of all branch lines.
This paper gives a new screening method based on the ratio of current increment at the zero sequence. Because the current change ratio of the zero sequence in the fault line is greater than other normal lines, the fault line can be easily detected. The advantage of the method is that it is suitable for all neutral point grounding systems. Furthermore, through theoretical analysis and derivation, a multi-algorithm based fuzzy screening system is constructed for the detection of fault lines. A verification example shows that the system can effectively improve the reliability of the result than each individual algorithm does.
In this paper, the changes of major electrical parameters in the two-phase grounding case are discussed. It also suggests a negative sequence current detection method to discover the fault in the case of one single-phase ground and another phase with high impedance grounding problem (current leakage).
Based on the analysis how temperature is transmitted within time domain, a reference model in time domain is suggested to monitor the electrical contact resistance changes in a power device. This method uses experience data to select the reference model. It only responds to rapid changes in the temperature of the device but is not so sensitive to the slow variations in the environment temperature.
This paper has also studied temperature transmission in the frequency domain. A frequency phase expression is deduced to describe the time delay of temperature transmission in the frequency domain. This paper has made further study about using Daubechies wavelets method to extract temperature changes from both time and frequency domains. The method shows to be very useful for assessing the internal loss resistance of the electric devices.
引文
[1]邸曼,张明. 1993～2002年我国电气火灾的统计分析.电气工程应用, 2006,01:34～41.
[2]韩水,苑舜,张近珠.国外典型电网事故分析.北京:中国电力出版社, 2005.87～126.
[3]罗毅.电力系统安全监控的理论及方法研究:[博士学位论文].武汉市:华中科技大学,2004.
[4]周津慧.重大设备状态检测与寿命预测方法研究:[博士学位论文].西安市:西安电子科技大学,2006.
[5]庄兴元.电力设备在线监测技术现状及实际开发应用前景.电工技术杂志,2003,05:19～22.
[6]潘会新.从周期计划维修到状态维修.四川纺织学报, 2002,(03) : 41～44.
[7]常太华,田亮,苏杰,等.电力系统设备运行状态在线评估系统设计.华北电力大学学报,2005年7月,第32卷(第4期):44～47.
[8]白建青,张仲秋.供电设备从定期维修制向状态维修制过渡.青海电力, 1998,04: 62～64.
[9]张日升.全力推行劣化趋势监控实现设备的状态维修.四川兵工学报, 2002,23(1):15～18.
[10]苏鹏声,王欢.电力系统设备状态监测与故障诊断技术分析.电力系统自动化, 2003,27(1): 61～65.
[11]殷苏东,陈旭华.基于状态的维修研究现状与发展趋势.科学技术与工程,2008,8(6):1530～1533.
[12]李燕青,律方成,刘国平,等.我国电气设备状态维修的发展与实现.中国电力, 2003, (02): 16～19.
[13] Park K S. Condition based predictive maintenance by multiple logistic function. IEEE Transaction on liability. 1994; 42 (4): 556～559
[14]叶林,于新杰.机械设备现代维修技术—状态维修.机械科学与技术, 1999,18(3):457～458
[15]肖登明.电力设备在线监测与故障诊断。上海:上海交通大学出版社,2005.70～200
[16]徐大可.变电站电气设备在线监测综述.变压器,2002, 39(9):6～10.
[17]郭志龙,张博.变电所设备在线监测技术.农村电气化, 2006,11:58～60
[18]魏铁军,欧阳南尼.变压器在线检测及诊断.电工技术杂志,2003(7):76～78.
[19]袁疆.变压器油中溶解气体在线检测综述.云南电力技术,2001,29(sl):97～99.
[20]李满元.变压器油中气体在线检测装置的应用.西北电力技术志,2000,(3):56～62.
[21]黄盛洁.电气设备绝缘在线监测和状态维修.北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2004.105～121
[22]白维,曾成碧,王涛.高压电气设备绝缘在线监测的研究.中国测试技术,2006,32(1):64～66.
[23]秦娜.氧化锌避雷器在线监测技术的研究.山西电子技术,2002,(2):23～25.
[24]王叶坤,黄洪全.一种新型分布式金属氧化锌避雷器在线监测系统.仪表技术.2008, (7):29～31
[25]吴桂林.一种基于GPRS传输的氧化锌避雷器在线监测方法.工业控制计算机,2007,(7):30～31
[26]刘明光,李光泽,王连生,等.牵引供电系统避雷器在线监测研究.供变电,2006,06:3～6.
[27]吕冬.电气绝缘在线检测设备的技术发展和应用选择.西北电力技术,2005,6:34～37
[28]关根志,贺景亮.电气设备的绝缘在线监测与状态维修.中国电力,2000,33(3):46～50
[29]沈旭勇,李广东.电气设备绝缘在线检测与诊断.东北水利水电,2007,11:52-52
[30]沈标正.电机故障诊断技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 1996. 12～13.
[31]黄雄.定子绕组匝间短路分析与故障诊断.现代商贸工业, 2007, 19(2):152～154
[32]陈权涛,杨向宇.发电机转子绕组匝间短路故障的在线检测.微特电机.2008,4:26～27,56.
[33]梁伟,张来斌,王朝晖.基于模糊理论的输油管道泄漏状态监测研究.石油机械, 2007,35(6): 42～45
[34] Lu Yu Ping, Min Yu, Lai L L, et al. A New Fuzzy Neural Network Based Insulator Contamination Detection. Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2006 International Conference on Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICMLC.2006.258868 Publication Year: 2006, Page(s): 4099～4104
[35]栾鑫,乐秀,李卫良,等.基于小波变换的断路器在线状态监测研究.电力学报, 2007, 22(4):447～449.
[36]段晨东,何正嘉.第2代小波变换及其在机电设备状态监测中的应用.西安交通大学学报, 2003,37(7): 695～698
[37]钱立军,蒋东翔.小波变换在横向裂纹转子升速过程状态监测中的应用.中国电机工程学报.2003,23(5):86～89
[38] Rutgers W R, Fu Y H. UHF PD-detection in a Power Transformer. Proc. 10th Int. Symp. on HV Engineering, Vol4, pp 219～222. Montrea(1997).
[39] Wetzer J M, Cliteur G J, Rutgers W R, et al. Diagnostic- and Condition Assessment-Techniques for Condition Based Maintenance. 2000 Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. Year: 2000, Page(s): 47～51.
[40] Nemeth B, Benyo T, Jager A, et al. Woynarovich, G.; Complex diagnostic methods for lifetime extension of power transformers, Electrical Insulation, 2008. ISEI 2008. Conference Record of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ELINSL.2008.4570296 Publication Year: 2008, Page(s): 132～13.
[41] Handschin E, Jurgens I, Weller J, et al. Power Tech, 2007 IEEE Lausanne Novel Methods for the Condition Based Maintenance of Distribution Networks Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538283 Publication Year: 2007, Page(s): 6～11.
[42] Jain M B, Srinivas M B, Jain A. A novel Web based Expert System Architecture for on-line and off-line fault diagnosis and control (FDC) of transformers TENCON 2008 - 2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TENCON.2008.4766606 Publication Year: 2008, Page(s): 1～5.
[43] De Carlo F, Borgia O, Tucci M, et al. A Rule Based Expert System for Maintenance as a Competitive Advantage. Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2009. RAMS 2009. Annual Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/RAMS. 2009. 4914718 Publication Year: 2009, Page(s): 448～453.
[44]廖力清,曹强,凌玉华,等.诊断专家系统在开关柜状态监测中的应用. 2005,33(12):43～47
[45]林家国,刘晓波.模糊神经专家系统在风机实时状态监测与故障诊断中的应用.江西理工大学学报. 2006,06:12～15
[46]贺家李,宋从矩.电力系统继电保护原理.第三版.北京:中国电力出版社, 1994.56-62.
[47] Winter K M. Swedish distribution networks-a new method for earthfault protection in cable- and overhead systems Developments in Power System Protection, 1993., Fifth International Conference on Publication Year: 1993, Page(s): 268～– 270
[48]庞清乐.基于智能算法的小电流接地故障选线研究:[博士论文].济南:山东大学, 2007.
[49]刘平原;贺景亮;王洪新;交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆在线监测方法的探讨.高电压技术, 2001,27(4):26～28.
[50]江秀臣,蔡军;,董小兵,等. 110kV及以上电压等级交联电缆在线监测技术.电力自动化设备, 2005,25(8):13～16
[51] Tian Y, Lewin P L, Wilkinson J S, et al. Continuous on-line monitoring of partial dischangees in high voltage cables [A]. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium onElectrical Insulation [C]. Indianapolis, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2004. 454～457.
[52]胡毳.小电流接地自动选线功能的实现.云南电力技术,2000,28(2):42～43.
[53]曹一江,刘志强,马世龙.小电流接地系统故障检测方案研究.电机与控制学报, 1996,19(4): 507～510.
[54]刘志强,姜建国,蔡百周.小电流接地系统单相接地选线方案研究.佳木斯工学院学报,1997, 15(4):279～281.
[55]牟龙华.零序电流有功分量方向接地选线保护原理.电网技术.1999,23(9):60～62.
[56] Huang Wan-Ying, Kaczmarek R. SLG Fault Detection in Presence of Strong Capacitive Currents in Compensated Networks Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 22, Issue: 4 Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TPWRD.2007.905570 Publication Year: 2007, Page(s): 2132～2135
[57]杜丁香,徐玉琴.消弧线圈接地电网有功选线.继电器. 2002,30(5):33～36.
[58]潘贞存,田质广.一种中低压配电网单相接地故障选线新方法.电网技术, 2005,29(3):76～80.
[59]要焕年,曹梅月.电力系统谐振接地.北京:中国电力出版社,2000. 161～162
[60]曾样君,尹项根,张哲等.配电网接地故障负序电流分布及接地保护原理研究.中国电机工程学报.2001,21(6):54～59
[61]赖庆波,楼凤丹,赖天江.基于电网自然5次谐波的接地保护方案分析.供用电,2010,26(2): 32～35
[62]孟润泉,米建军.五次谐波检测原理及其在矿井高压电网单相接地保护中的应用.工矿自动化,2004,(3): 10～13.
[63]桑在中,张慧芬,潘贞存,等.用注入法实现小电流接地系统单相接地选线保护.电力系统自动化, 1996, 20(02): 11～12.
[64]桑在中,潘贞存,丁磊,等.“S注入法”选线定位原理及应用.中国电力, 1997,30 (06): 44～45.
[65]张慧芬,田质广,王慧,等.“S注入法”与电压互感器.电力系统及其自动化学报, 2003,15(2):91～92.
[66]王新超,桑在中.基于“S注入法”的一种故障定位新方法.继电器,2001,29(7):9～22
[67]胡佐,李欣然,石吉银.基于残流与首半波综合的接地选线方法研究.继电器,2006,34(7):6～9,37.
[68]张兰,龚静,周有庆.小电流接地系统单相接地暂态保护判据研究.湖南大学学报,2004,31(2):70-73.
[69] Little T B, Morrow D J. Wavelets for the analysis and compression of power system disturbances. IEEETrans,on Power Deliver 1996,8(2):358～364
[70] Chaari O,Miehel M,Brouaye F. Wavelets: A New Tool for the Resonant Grounded Power Distribution Systems Relaying. IEEE Transon Power Delivery,1996,11(3):1301～1308
[71]梁军,刘非凡,负志皓.基于小波原理的小电流接地系统故障选线新方法的研究.山东大学学报(工学版),2002,32(2):111～114
[72]毛鹏,孙雅明,张兆宁,等.小波包在配电网单相接地故障选线中的应用.电网技术,2000,24(6):9～13
[73]束洪春,肖白.配电网单相电弧接地故障选线暂态分析法.电力系统自动化,2002, 26(21): 58～61
[74]王耀南,霍百林,王辉,等.基于小波包的小电流接地系统故障选线的新判据.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6):54～55
[75] Huang Shyh Jier,Hsieh Cheng Tao. High Im Pedanee Fault Detection Utilizing A Morlet Wavelet Transform Approach. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,1999,14(4):1401～1410
[76]操丰梅,苏沛浦.小波变换在配电自动化接地故障检测中的应用研究.电力系统自动化,1999,23(3):33～36.
[77]黄景光,吕艳萍.应用小波包构成暂态零序功率分量的消弧线圈接地系统故障选线保护.继电器,2003,31(6):1-4.
[78]程传玲.基于小波分析的小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线机暂态分量的提取:[硕士学位论文].福州:福州大学,2002.
[79]毛玲.小波变换在小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线方面的应用与研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2002
[80]张帆,潘贞存,张慧芬等.基于零序电流暂态极大值的小电流接地选线新判据.电力系统自动化,2006,30(4):45～45,79
[81]王娜.基于小波理论的配电网单相接地故障选线方法研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学2004.4
[82]贾清泉,刘连光,杨以涵,宋家骅.应用小波检测故障突变特性实现配电网小电流故障选线保护.中国电机工程学报,2001,21(10):78～82
[83]毛鹏,段玉倩,姜娜.基于相关分析的故障选线方法.电网技术,2004,28(2):36～39
[84]刘岚,胡钋,黄秋元,等.电磁场与电磁波理论基础.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社2006.145～156.
[85]姜宇.工程电磁场与电磁波.武汉市:华中科技大学出版社.2009.152～165.
[86]邹澎,周晓萍.电磁场与电磁波.北京:清华大学出版社,2008.120～160.
[87] Johns A T, Agrawal P. New approach to power line protection based upon the detection of fault induced high frequency signals. IEE Proceedings: Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 1990, 137(4): 307～313.
[88] Bo Z Q, Weller G, Redfern M A. Accurate fault location technique for distribution system using fault-generated high-frequency transient voltage signals. IEE Proceedings, generation, Transmission and Distribution, 1999, 146(1):73～79.
[89] Tian Shu, Ma Shishen. Traveling wave fault location in coal mine power transmission systems. Sustainable Power Generation and Supply, 2009. SUPERGEN '09. International Conference on Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/SUPERGEN.2009.5348267 Publication Year: 2009, Page(s): 1～4
[90] Zeng Xiangjun, Li K K, Liu Zhengyi, et al. Fault location using traveling wave for power networks. Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Year: 2004, vol.4, Page(s): 2426～2429
[91] Thomas D W P, Carvalho R J O, Pereira E T, et al. Field trial of fault location on a distribution system using high frequency transients Power Tech, 2005 IEEE Russia Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/PTC.2005.4524433 Publication Year: 2005, Page(s):1～7
[92] Magnago F H, Abur A. A new fault location technique for radial distribution systems based on high frequency signals. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 1999. IEEE. Year: 1999, vol.1, Page(s): 426～431.
[93]牟龙华,孟庆海.供配电安全技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.25～143.
[94]刘万顺.电力系统故障分析.第二版.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.92～207.
[95]贺家李,宋从矩.电力系统继电保护原理.第三版.北京:中国电力出版社,1994.56～64
[96]何新贵.模糊知识处理的理论与技术.北京:国防工业出版社.1994.67～80.
[97]许敬贤张道民.电力系统继电保护上册.北京:中国工业出版社.1963.75～95.
[98]刘宇卿,王德胜.电气设备过热的原因与对策.电气应用,2008,27(24):38～41.
[99]王泳. GW4-20(D)型隔离开关局部烧伤原因及处理.大众用电, 2007,(6):38.
[100]刘青胜,张立杰,王新彤.高压隔离开关发热的原因分析及对策.华北电力技术,2008, (12):36～38.
[101]张宏琴.接触电阻的测量.大学物理实验,2000,13(02):31～32
[102]刘云,林雪燕.接触电阻测试系统的研制.机电元件, 2008,28(02):23～26,40.
[103]王志强,刘向军.新型接触电阻测试装置的研制.检测技术,2008,(12),56～59.
[104]熊经先,朱煊晖.电触点材料接触电阻的测量方法.电气制造, 2006,(07):45～46.
[105]杨世铭.传热学基础.北京:高教出版社, 2002.
[106]程尚模.传热学.北京:高教出版社, 1990.96～138.
[107]韩玉兰,芦兴,路灿,等.高压开关柜隔离触头温度红外检测系统的研制.高压电器,2008, 44(06): 578～581.
[108]陈振生.高压开关柜手车触头温升超标在线监测装置.电气制造, 2007,(06):78～82.
[109]巩宪锋,衣红钢,王长松,等.高压开关柜隔离触头温度监测研究.中国电机工程学报, 2006,26(1):155～158.
[110] Vogler M, Sheppard S. Electrical contact resistance under high loads and elevated temperature[J]. Welding Journal, 1993,72(6):231s～238s.
[111]刘松强.数字信号处理系统及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1996.18～155.
[112] Brigham E O著,柳群译.快速富里叶变换.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1979.165～208
[113] D.阿基斯著,史习智,黄潮译.信号处理中的傅里叶变换:用于实践的连续和离散方法.北京:科学出版社, 1989.8～111
[114]吴京,王慧频,果明明,等.信号与系统分析.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999.1～209
[115]陈基明.小波分析基础.上海:上海大学出版社,2002.17～90.
[116]张国华,张文娟,薛鹏翔.小波分析与应用基础.西北工业大学出版社, 2006.14～65.
[117]徐长发,李国宽.实用小波方法.第三版.华中科技大学出版社, 2009.52～73.
[118]栾鑫,乐秀,李卫良,等.基于小波变换的断路器在线状态监测研究.电力学报, 2007,22(4): 447～449.
[119] Nagesh V, Gurural B I. Automatic detection and elimination of periodic pulse shaped interfer-ence in partial discharge measurement.IEEE proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology, 1994,141(5):335～342.
[120] Mallat S, Hwang W. Singularity detection and processing with wavelet. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory.1992,38(2):617～643.
[2]韩水,苑舜,张近珠.国外典型电网事故分析.北京:中国电力出版社, 2005.87～126.
[3]罗毅.电力系统安全监控的理论及方法研究:[博士学位论文].武汉市:华中科技大学,2004.
[4]周津慧.重大设备状态检测与寿命预测方法研究:[博士学位论文].西安市:西安电子科技大学,2006.
[5]庄兴元.电力设备在线监测技术现状及实际开发应用前景.电工技术杂志,2003,05:19～22.
[6]潘会新.从周期计划维修到状态维修.四川纺织学报, 2002,(03) : 41～44.
[7]常太华,田亮,苏杰,等.电力系统设备运行状态在线评估系统设计.华北电力大学学报,2005年7月,第32卷(第4期):44～47.
[8]白建青,张仲秋.供电设备从定期维修制向状态维修制过渡.青海电力, 1998,04: 62～64.
[9]张日升.全力推行劣化趋势监控实现设备的状态维修.四川兵工学报, 2002,23(1):15～18.
[10]苏鹏声,王欢.电力系统设备状态监测与故障诊断技术分析.电力系统自动化, 2003,27(1): 61～65.
[11]殷苏东,陈旭华.基于状态的维修研究现状与发展趋势.科学技术与工程,2008,8(6):1530～1533.
[12]李燕青,律方成,刘国平,等.我国电气设备状态维修的发展与实现.中国电力, 2003, (02): 16～19.
[13] Park K S. Condition based predictive maintenance by multiple logistic function. IEEE Transaction on liability. 1994; 42 (4): 556～559
[14]叶林,于新杰.机械设备现代维修技术—状态维修.机械科学与技术, 1999,18(3):457～458
[15]肖登明.电力设备在线监测与故障诊断。上海:上海交通大学出版社,2005.70～200
[16]徐大可.变电站电气设备在线监测综述.变压器,2002, 39(9):6～10.
[17]郭志龙,张博.变电所设备在线监测技术.农村电气化, 2006,11:58～60
[18]魏铁军,欧阳南尼.变压器在线检测及诊断.电工技术杂志,2003(7):76～78.
[19]袁疆.变压器油中溶解气体在线检测综述.云南电力技术,2001,29(sl):97～99.
[20]李满元.变压器油中气体在线检测装置的应用.西北电力技术志,2000,(3):56～62.
[21]黄盛洁.电气设备绝缘在线监测和状态维修.北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2004.105～121
[22]白维,曾成碧,王涛.高压电气设备绝缘在线监测的研究.中国测试技术,2006,32(1):64～66.
[23]秦娜.氧化锌避雷器在线监测技术的研究.山西电子技术,2002,(2):23～25.
[24]王叶坤,黄洪全.一种新型分布式金属氧化锌避雷器在线监测系统.仪表技术.2008, (7):29～31
[25]吴桂林.一种基于GPRS传输的氧化锌避雷器在线监测方法.工业控制计算机,2007,(7):30～31
[26]刘明光,李光泽,王连生,等.牵引供电系统避雷器在线监测研究.供变电,2006,06:3～6.
[27]吕冬.电气绝缘在线检测设备的技术发展和应用选择.西北电力技术,2005,6:34～37
[28]关根志,贺景亮.电气设备的绝缘在线监测与状态维修.中国电力,2000,33(3):46～50
[29]沈旭勇,李广东.电气设备绝缘在线检测与诊断.东北水利水电,2007,11:52-52
[30]沈标正.电机故障诊断技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 1996. 12～13.
[31]黄雄.定子绕组匝间短路分析与故障诊断.现代商贸工业, 2007, 19(2):152～154
[32]陈权涛,杨向宇.发电机转子绕组匝间短路故障的在线检测.微特电机.2008,4:26～27,56.
[33]梁伟,张来斌,王朝晖.基于模糊理论的输油管道泄漏状态监测研究.石油机械, 2007,35(6): 42～45
[34] Lu Yu Ping, Min Yu, Lai L L, et al. A New Fuzzy Neural Network Based Insulator Contamination Detection. Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2006 International Conference on Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICMLC.2006.258868 Publication Year: 2006, Page(s): 4099～4104
[35]栾鑫,乐秀,李卫良,等.基于小波变换的断路器在线状态监测研究.电力学报, 2007, 22(4):447～449.
[36]段晨东,何正嘉.第2代小波变换及其在机电设备状态监测中的应用.西安交通大学学报, 2003,37(7): 695～698
[37]钱立军,蒋东翔.小波变换在横向裂纹转子升速过程状态监测中的应用.中国电机工程学报.2003,23(5):86～89
[38] Rutgers W R, Fu Y H. UHF PD-detection in a Power Transformer. Proc. 10th Int. Symp. on HV Engineering, Vol4, pp 219～222. Montrea(1997).
[39] Wetzer J M, Cliteur G J, Rutgers W R, et al. Diagnostic- and Condition Assessment-Techniques for Condition Based Maintenance. 2000 Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. Year: 2000, Page(s): 47～51.
[40] Nemeth B, Benyo T, Jager A, et al. Woynarovich, G.; Complex diagnostic methods for lifetime extension of power transformers, Electrical Insulation, 2008. ISEI 2008. Conference Record of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ELINSL.2008.4570296 Publication Year: 2008, Page(s): 132～13.
[41] Handschin E, Jurgens I, Weller J, et al. Power Tech, 2007 IEEE Lausanne Novel Methods for the Condition Based Maintenance of Distribution Networks Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538283 Publication Year: 2007, Page(s): 6～11.
[42] Jain M B, Srinivas M B, Jain A. A novel Web based Expert System Architecture for on-line and off-line fault diagnosis and control (FDC) of transformers TENCON 2008 - 2008 IEEE Region 10 Conference Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TENCON.2008.4766606 Publication Year: 2008, Page(s): 1～5.
[43] De Carlo F, Borgia O, Tucci M, et al. A Rule Based Expert System for Maintenance as a Competitive Advantage. Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2009. RAMS 2009. Annual Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/RAMS. 2009. 4914718 Publication Year: 2009, Page(s): 448～453.
[44]廖力清,曹强,凌玉华,等.诊断专家系统在开关柜状态监测中的应用. 2005,33(12):43～47
[45]林家国,刘晓波.模糊神经专家系统在风机实时状态监测与故障诊断中的应用.江西理工大学学报. 2006,06:12～15
[46]贺家李,宋从矩.电力系统继电保护原理.第三版.北京:中国电力出版社, 1994.56-62.
[47] Winter K M. Swedish distribution networks-a new method for earthfault protection in cable- and overhead systems Developments in Power System Protection, 1993., Fifth International Conference on Publication Year: 1993, Page(s): 268～– 270
[48]庞清乐.基于智能算法的小电流接地故障选线研究:[博士论文].济南:山东大学, 2007.
[49]刘平原;贺景亮;王洪新;交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆在线监测方法的探讨.高电压技术, 2001,27(4):26～28.
[50]江秀臣,蔡军;,董小兵,等. 110kV及以上电压等级交联电缆在线监测技术.电力自动化设备, 2005,25(8):13～16
[51] Tian Y, Lewin P L, Wilkinson J S, et al. Continuous on-line monitoring of partial dischangees in high voltage cables [A]. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium onElectrical Insulation [C]. Indianapolis, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2004. 454～457.
[52]胡毳.小电流接地自动选线功能的实现.云南电力技术,2000,28(2):42～43.
[53]曹一江,刘志强,马世龙.小电流接地系统故障检测方案研究.电机与控制学报, 1996,19(4): 507～510.
[54]刘志强,姜建国,蔡百周.小电流接地系统单相接地选线方案研究.佳木斯工学院学报,1997, 15(4):279～281.
[55]牟龙华.零序电流有功分量方向接地选线保护原理.电网技术.1999,23(9):60～62.
[56] Huang Wan-Ying, Kaczmarek R. SLG Fault Detection in Presence of Strong Capacitive Currents in Compensated Networks Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 22, Issue: 4 Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TPWRD.2007.905570 Publication Year: 2007, Page(s): 2132～2135
[57]杜丁香,徐玉琴.消弧线圈接地电网有功选线.继电器. 2002,30(5):33～36.
[58]潘贞存,田质广.一种中低压配电网单相接地故障选线新方法.电网技术, 2005,29(3):76～80.
[59]要焕年,曹梅月.电力系统谐振接地.北京:中国电力出版社,2000. 161～162
[60]曾样君,尹项根,张哲等.配电网接地故障负序电流分布及接地保护原理研究.中国电机工程学报.2001,21(6):54～59
[61]赖庆波,楼凤丹,赖天江.基于电网自然5次谐波的接地保护方案分析.供用电,2010,26(2): 32～35
[62]孟润泉,米建军.五次谐波检测原理及其在矿井高压电网单相接地保护中的应用.工矿自动化,2004,(3): 10～13.
[63]桑在中,张慧芬,潘贞存,等.用注入法实现小电流接地系统单相接地选线保护.电力系统自动化, 1996, 20(02): 11～12.
[64]桑在中,潘贞存,丁磊,等.“S注入法”选线定位原理及应用.中国电力, 1997,30 (06): 44～45.
[65]张慧芬,田质广,王慧,等.“S注入法”与电压互感器.电力系统及其自动化学报, 2003,15(2):91～92.
[66]王新超,桑在中.基于“S注入法”的一种故障定位新方法.继电器,2001,29(7):9～22
[67]胡佐,李欣然,石吉银.基于残流与首半波综合的接地选线方法研究.继电器,2006,34(7):6～9,37.
[68]张兰,龚静,周有庆.小电流接地系统单相接地暂态保护判据研究.湖南大学学报,2004,31(2):70-73.
[69] Little T B, Morrow D J. Wavelets for the analysis and compression of power system disturbances. IEEETrans,on Power Deliver 1996,8(2):358～364
[70] Chaari O,Miehel M,Brouaye F. Wavelets: A New Tool for the Resonant Grounded Power Distribution Systems Relaying. IEEE Transon Power Delivery,1996,11(3):1301～1308
[71]梁军,刘非凡,负志皓.基于小波原理的小电流接地系统故障选线新方法的研究.山东大学学报(工学版),2002,32(2):111～114
[72]毛鹏,孙雅明,张兆宁,等.小波包在配电网单相接地故障选线中的应用.电网技术,2000,24(6):9～13
[73]束洪春,肖白.配电网单相电弧接地故障选线暂态分析法.电力系统自动化,2002, 26(21): 58～61
[74]王耀南,霍百林,王辉,等.基于小波包的小电流接地系统故障选线的新判据.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6):54～55
[75] Huang Shyh Jier,Hsieh Cheng Tao. High Im Pedanee Fault Detection Utilizing A Morlet Wavelet Transform Approach. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,1999,14(4):1401～1410
[76]操丰梅,苏沛浦.小波变换在配电自动化接地故障检测中的应用研究.电力系统自动化,1999,23(3):33～36.
[77]黄景光,吕艳萍.应用小波包构成暂态零序功率分量的消弧线圈接地系统故障选线保护.继电器,2003,31(6):1-4.
[78]程传玲.基于小波分析的小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线机暂态分量的提取:[硕士学位论文].福州:福州大学,2002.
[79]毛玲.小波变换在小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线方面的应用与研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2002
[80]张帆,潘贞存,张慧芬等.基于零序电流暂态极大值的小电流接地选线新判据.电力系统自动化,2006,30(4):45～45,79
[81]王娜.基于小波理论的配电网单相接地故障选线方法研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学2004.4
[82]贾清泉,刘连光,杨以涵,宋家骅.应用小波检测故障突变特性实现配电网小电流故障选线保护.中国电机工程学报,2001,21(10):78～82
[83]毛鹏,段玉倩,姜娜.基于相关分析的故障选线方法.电网技术,2004,28(2):36～39
[84]刘岚,胡钋,黄秋元,等.电磁场与电磁波理论基础.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社2006.145～156.
[85]姜宇.工程电磁场与电磁波.武汉市:华中科技大学出版社.2009.152～165.
[86]邹澎,周晓萍.电磁场与电磁波.北京:清华大学出版社,2008.120～160.
[87] Johns A T, Agrawal P. New approach to power line protection based upon the detection of fault induced high frequency signals. IEE Proceedings: Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 1990, 137(4): 307～313.
[88] Bo Z Q, Weller G, Redfern M A. Accurate fault location technique for distribution system using fault-generated high-frequency transient voltage signals. IEE Proceedings, generation, Transmission and Distribution, 1999, 146(1):73～79.
[89] Tian Shu, Ma Shishen. Traveling wave fault location in coal mine power transmission systems. Sustainable Power Generation and Supply, 2009. SUPERGEN '09. International Conference on Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/SUPERGEN.2009.5348267 Publication Year: 2009, Page(s): 1～4
[90] Zeng Xiangjun, Li K K, Liu Zhengyi, et al. Fault location using traveling wave for power networks. Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Year: 2004, vol.4, Page(s): 2426～2429
[91] Thomas D W P, Carvalho R J O, Pereira E T, et al. Field trial of fault location on a distribution system using high frequency transients Power Tech, 2005 IEEE Russia Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/PTC.2005.4524433 Publication Year: 2005, Page(s):1～7
[92] Magnago F H, Abur A. A new fault location technique for radial distribution systems based on high frequency signals. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 1999. IEEE. Year: 1999, vol.1, Page(s): 426～431.
[93]牟龙华,孟庆海.供配电安全技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.25～143.
[94]刘万顺.电力系统故障分析.第二版.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.92～207.
[95]贺家李,宋从矩.电力系统继电保护原理.第三版.北京:中国电力出版社,1994.56～64
[96]何新贵.模糊知识处理的理论与技术.北京:国防工业出版社.1994.67～80.
[97]许敬贤张道民.电力系统继电保护上册.北京:中国工业出版社.1963.75～95.
[98]刘宇卿,王德胜.电气设备过热的原因与对策.电气应用,2008,27(24):38～41.
[99]王泳. GW4-20(D)型隔离开关局部烧伤原因及处理.大众用电, 2007,(6):38.
[100]刘青胜,张立杰,王新彤.高压隔离开关发热的原因分析及对策.华北电力技术,2008, (12):36～38.
[101]张宏琴.接触电阻的测量.大学物理实验,2000,13(02):31～32
[102]刘云,林雪燕.接触电阻测试系统的研制.机电元件, 2008,28(02):23～26,40.
[103]王志强,刘向军.新型接触电阻测试装置的研制.检测技术,2008,(12),56～59.
[104]熊经先,朱煊晖.电触点材料接触电阻的测量方法.电气制造, 2006,(07):45～46.
[105]杨世铭.传热学基础.北京:高教出版社, 2002.
[106]程尚模.传热学.北京:高教出版社, 1990.96～138.
[107]韩玉兰,芦兴,路灿,等.高压开关柜隔离触头温度红外检测系统的研制.高压电器,2008, 44(06): 578～581.
[108]陈振生.高压开关柜手车触头温升超标在线监测装置.电气制造, 2007,(06):78～82.
[109]巩宪锋,衣红钢,王长松,等.高压开关柜隔离触头温度监测研究.中国电机工程学报, 2006,26(1):155～158.
[110] Vogler M, Sheppard S. Electrical contact resistance under high loads and elevated temperature[J]. Welding Journal, 1993,72(6):231s～238s.
[111]刘松强.数字信号处理系统及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1996.18～155.
[112] Brigham E O著,柳群译.快速富里叶变换.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1979.165～208
[113] D.阿基斯著,史习智,黄潮译.信号处理中的傅里叶变换:用于实践的连续和离散方法.北京:科学出版社, 1989.8～111
[114]吴京,王慧频,果明明,等.信号与系统分析.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999.1～209
[115]陈基明.小波分析基础.上海:上海大学出版社,2002.17～90.
[116]张国华,张文娟,薛鹏翔.小波分析与应用基础.西北工业大学出版社, 2006.14～65.
[117]徐长发,李国宽.实用小波方法.第三版.华中科技大学出版社, 2009.52～73.
[118]栾鑫,乐秀,李卫良,等.基于小波变换的断路器在线状态监测研究.电力学报, 2007,22(4): 447～449.
[119] Nagesh V, Gurural B I. Automatic detection and elimination of periodic pulse shaped interfer-ence in partial discharge measurement.IEEE proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology, 1994,141(5):335～342.
[120] Mallat S, Hwang W. Singularity detection and processing with wavelet. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory.1992,38(2):617～643.