基于城市流的济南都市圈经济空间联系研究
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摘要
在经济全球化和信息化的推动下,都市圈在区域经济竞争与合作中发挥越来越重要的作用。都市圈是一个开放的系统,其形成动力是以“流”为形式的城市间相互作用,也就是都市圈内城市间和产业间人流、信息流、物流、资金流、技术流和服务流等各种空间要素的空间流动,由此形成了都市圈的经济空间联系。济南都市圈作为山东区域发展战略“一群一圈一带”的一部分,是东北亚和环渤海经济圈的重要部分,南北承接上海、北京两大都市圈,连接山东半岛城市群。济南都市圈对于促进山东省经济社会的发展,建设“大而强、富而美”的新山东具有重要意义。
目前,地理学对都市圈的理论体系、形成机制、发展动力和空间结构等方面,研究已经很深入,但关于经济空间联系的研究尚显不足;另外,济南都市圈形成时间短,对该都市圈的研究,主要限于都市圈的构建、发展战略、城市体系等。因此本文以城市流为切入点,运用城市地理学、经济地理学、计量地理学和区域经济学等学科理论和方法,借助数理统计与分析软件,对济南都市圈的经济空间联系进行了定性与定量分析。具体内容包括:探讨了都市圈经济空间联系的理论体系;以城市流模型为基础,从城市流强度值和结构两方面分析济南都市圈经济空间联系特点;具体研究了都市圈的经济空间结构,包括规模等级结构、职能结构和圈层结构;依据以上两方面,系统提出了以强化城市流为基础的经济空间联系优化对策。本文主要方法和结论包括:
(1)本文通过计算济南都市圈各城市外向功能量、城市流倾向度和强度,得出城市流强度的结构,定量分析都市圈经济空间联系,并进行横向比较,得出济南是联系的核心,经济空间联系不够紧密;并建立强度模型,运用线性回归分析,发现济南都市圈的城市流强度主要受第三产业产值影响较显著。
(2)本文从城市流强度、市区人口数、城市首位度和位序—规模法则等方面阐释了济南都市圈的规模结构,发现济南的首位城市地位不明显,中小城市过多;根据济南都市圈各城市主要外向部门的区位商和职能强度,结合各城市产业现状,得出了各城市的职能结构;基于经济联系强度公式、断裂点公式,划分了济南都市圈的圈层结构。
(3)本文依据城市流强化模型,从圈内与圈外城市的联系、圈内城市的联系两部分进行强化济南都市圈的经济空间联系。
Under the impetus of the economic globalization and information, Metropolitan area plays an increasingly important role in regional economic competition and cooperation. Metropolitan area is an open system, its formation force is on a "flow" in the form of inter-city interaction. That is space-space flow about elements of various in inter-industry and inter-city of the metropolitan area, the flow includes information flow, logistics, capital flow, technology flow and service flow, etc. The result is forming spatial linkage of the metropolitan area's economy. Jinan Metropolitan area is as a part of strategies of Shandong metropolitan regional development. It is an important part of Northeast Asia and Bohai-Rim Economic Circle, north-south to undertake two major metropolitan of Shanghai and Beijing, connects Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration. Jinan Metropolitan area has great significance for the promotion of economic and social development in Shandong Province, the construction of "big and strong, rich and beautiful" new Shandong.
At present, the geographic study on the theoretical system, formation mechanism, momentum and spatial structure has been very in-depth. However, the study on the economic spatial linkage is insufficient. In addition, Jinan metropolitan area has just been formed, the research mainly confined to the building of metropolitan area, development strategy, urban system, etc. Therefore,urban flow is as a starting point in this article. Theories and methods of urban geography, economic geography, quantitative geography and regional economics are used. With mathematical statistics and analysis software, economic spatial linkage of Jinan metropolitan area is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Specific contents include: exploring the theoretical system of economic spatial linkage of the metropolitan area;Based on urban flow model,the paper analyses characteristics of from intensity and structure of urban flow; The paper also studies spatial structure of the Metropolitan economy, including the size class structure, functional structure and spheres structure; The basis of the above aspects, optimal strategies of economic spatial linkage based on urban flow Are systematically presented. In this paper, methods and conclusions include:
By calculating the extrovert energy, orientation and intensity of urban flow of the cities, the intensity of urban flow is obtained, economic spatial linkage is analyzed quantitatively, and is compared horizontally. The result is: Jinan is the core of linkage, linkage is not tight enough; By building the model of the intensity and using the analysis of linear regression, it is discovered that the third industry hold leading position in the intensity of urban flow.
From the intensity of urban flow, urban population, urban first degree and rank - size rule, This paper explains the scale structure of Jinan metropolitan area, the first city status of Jinan is not obvious, medium and small cities are too much. According to location providers and functional intensity of main outward sector in Jinan metropolitan cities, the functional structure of cities is obtained combination of the status of the cities industries; Based on the formula of strength of economic linkage and breaking point, spheres structure is divided.
Based on model of Intensifying Urban Flow, in the paper economic spatial linkage is enhanced, from the linkages of circle and outsider urban, the circle city's linkage.
目前,地理学对都市圈的理论体系、形成机制、发展动力和空间结构等方面,研究已经很深入,但关于经济空间联系的研究尚显不足;另外,济南都市圈形成时间短,对该都市圈的研究,主要限于都市圈的构建、发展战略、城市体系等。因此本文以城市流为切入点,运用城市地理学、经济地理学、计量地理学和区域经济学等学科理论和方法,借助数理统计与分析软件,对济南都市圈的经济空间联系进行了定性与定量分析。具体内容包括:探讨了都市圈经济空间联系的理论体系;以城市流模型为基础,从城市流强度值和结构两方面分析济南都市圈经济空间联系特点;具体研究了都市圈的经济空间结构,包括规模等级结构、职能结构和圈层结构;依据以上两方面,系统提出了以强化城市流为基础的经济空间联系优化对策。本文主要方法和结论包括:
(1)本文通过计算济南都市圈各城市外向功能量、城市流倾向度和强度,得出城市流强度的结构,定量分析都市圈经济空间联系,并进行横向比较,得出济南是联系的核心,经济空间联系不够紧密;并建立强度模型,运用线性回归分析,发现济南都市圈的城市流强度主要受第三产业产值影响较显著。
(2)本文从城市流强度、市区人口数、城市首位度和位序—规模法则等方面阐释了济南都市圈的规模结构,发现济南的首位城市地位不明显,中小城市过多;根据济南都市圈各城市主要外向部门的区位商和职能强度,结合各城市产业现状,得出了各城市的职能结构;基于经济联系强度公式、断裂点公式,划分了济南都市圈的圈层结构。
(3)本文依据城市流强化模型,从圈内与圈外城市的联系、圈内城市的联系两部分进行强化济南都市圈的经济空间联系。
Under the impetus of the economic globalization and information, Metropolitan area plays an increasingly important role in regional economic competition and cooperation. Metropolitan area is an open system, its formation force is on a "flow" in the form of inter-city interaction. That is space-space flow about elements of various in inter-industry and inter-city of the metropolitan area, the flow includes information flow, logistics, capital flow, technology flow and service flow, etc. The result is forming spatial linkage of the metropolitan area's economy. Jinan Metropolitan area is as a part of strategies of Shandong metropolitan regional development. It is an important part of Northeast Asia and Bohai-Rim Economic Circle, north-south to undertake two major metropolitan of Shanghai and Beijing, connects Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration. Jinan Metropolitan area has great significance for the promotion of economic and social development in Shandong Province, the construction of "big and strong, rich and beautiful" new Shandong.
At present, the geographic study on the theoretical system, formation mechanism, momentum and spatial structure has been very in-depth. However, the study on the economic spatial linkage is insufficient. In addition, Jinan metropolitan area has just been formed, the research mainly confined to the building of metropolitan area, development strategy, urban system, etc. Therefore,urban flow is as a starting point in this article. Theories and methods of urban geography, economic geography, quantitative geography and regional economics are used. With mathematical statistics and analysis software, economic spatial linkage of Jinan metropolitan area is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Specific contents include: exploring the theoretical system of economic spatial linkage of the metropolitan area;Based on urban flow model,the paper analyses characteristics of from intensity and structure of urban flow; The paper also studies spatial structure of the Metropolitan economy, including the size class structure, functional structure and spheres structure; The basis of the above aspects, optimal strategies of economic spatial linkage based on urban flow Are systematically presented. In this paper, methods and conclusions include:
By calculating the extrovert energy, orientation and intensity of urban flow of the cities, the intensity of urban flow is obtained, economic spatial linkage is analyzed quantitatively, and is compared horizontally. The result is: Jinan is the core of linkage, linkage is not tight enough; By building the model of the intensity and using the analysis of linear regression, it is discovered that the third industry hold leading position in the intensity of urban flow.
From the intensity of urban flow, urban population, urban first degree and rank - size rule, This paper explains the scale structure of Jinan metropolitan area, the first city status of Jinan is not obvious, medium and small cities are too much. According to location providers and functional intensity of main outward sector in Jinan metropolitan cities, the functional structure of cities is obtained combination of the status of the cities industries; Based on the formula of strength of economic linkage and breaking point, spheres structure is divided.
Based on model of Intensifying Urban Flow, in the paper economic spatial linkage is enhanced, from the linkages of circle and outsider urban, the circle city's linkage.
引文
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[3]王方华,陈宏民.都市圈经济一体化发展研究[M].上海:上海三联书店,2007(3):237-238.
[4]袁家冬,周筠,黄伟.我国都市圈理论研究与规划实践中的若干误区[J].地理研究,2006,25(1):112-120.
[5][6][40][46][51][52]朱英明.城市群经济空间分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:77-78、22-23、4-6、39-40、82、62.
[7]李春芬.区际联系区域地理学的近期前沿[J].地理学报, 1995,50(6):491-495.
[8]周一星.主要经济联系方向[J].城市规划, 1998,(2):22-25.
[9]王德忠,庄仁兴.区域经济联系定量分析初探—以上海与苏锡常地区经济联系为例[J].地理科学,1996,16(1):51-56.
[10]牛慧恩等.甘肃与毗邻省区区域经济联系研究[J].经济地理,1998,18(3):51-56.
[11]李国平,王立明,杨开忠.深圳与珠江三角洲区域经济联系的测度及分析[J].经济地理,2001,21(1):33-37.
[12]薛东前,姚士谋,张红.关中城市群的功能联系与结构优化[J].经济地理,2006 ,20(6):52-55.
[13]朱英明,于念文.沪宁杭城市密集区城市流研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2002,(1):31-33.
[14]曹红阳,王士君.黑龙江省东部城市密集区城市流强度分析[J].人文地理,2007( 2):81-86.
[15]姜博,修春亮,陈才.辽中南城市群城市流分析与模型阐释[J].经济地理,2008,28(5):853-856.
[16]石敏俊,金凤君,李娜.中国地区间经济联系与区域发展驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2006,61(6):593-603.
[17]刘承良,余瑞林,熊剑平.武汉都市圈经济联系的空间结构[J].地理研究,2007,26(1):197-208.
[18]乔旭宁,杨德刚等.基于经济联系强度的乌鲁木齐都市圈空间结构研究[J].2007 ,26(6):86-95.
[19]顾朝林,庞海峰.基于重力模型的中国城市体系空间联系与层域划分[J].地理研究,2008,27(1):1-12.
[20]王志国.物流场论及其在经济分析中的应用[J].地理学报,1990,45(1):90-101.
[21]金凤君.我国空间运输联系的实验研究—以货流为例[J].地理学报,1991,46(1):16-25.
[22]张文尝,金凤君,荣朝和等.空间运输联系[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1992.
[23]张莉.我国区际经济联系探讨——以铁路客运为例[J].中国软科学,2001,(11):99-103.
[24]周一星,杨家文.九十年代我国区际货流联系的变动趋势[J].中国软科学,2001(6):85-89.
[25] Taaffe,Edward J.The urban hierarchy:an air passenger definition[J].Economic Geography,1962,49(2).
[26]William,R.Siddall.Wholesale-Retail Ratios as Indices of Urban Centrality[J].Economic geography,1961(37):124-132.
[27]GolledgeG.A.Geographic analysis of Newcastle's rail freight traffic[J].Economic Geography,1963,39(1).
[28]Rykiel,Z.Intr-metropollitan Migration in the Warsaw Agglomeration[J]. Economic geography,1984(60).
[29]Griffith D A.Urban dominance,spatial conjectures and empirical implications[J]. structure and spatial dynamics :some Economic Geography,1979(55):96-100.
[30]Kipnis , Baruch A . The impact of factory size on urban growth and development[J].Economic Geography,1977,53(3):298-301.
[31]Gannon AC . Intra-urban industrial location , Theory and intra-establishment linkages[J].Geographical Analysis,1973(5):214—224.
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