三要素对盆栽草莓生长与结实模型的影响研究
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摘要
供试验的品种为1997年首次从法国引入的达赛莱克特(Darselect)。该品种属中早熟品种，植株粗壮，适应性强和抗病虫能力强。果形为标准的圆锥形，果面深红色有光泽，果肉全红，质地硬，耐贮运，果实口味极佳，酸甜适口，有浓郁的芳香，可溶性固形物9-12％，第一级花序果平均重26g，最大果重65g，产量2000-3500kg/667m~2。通过无土栽培与配方施肥的盆栽草莓植株造型美观，花果生长期长，如果定位于都市，创建优质草莓品牌，将大大实现草莓的产后增值。
草莓开花结果多、花期集中，是一种需肥量很大的作物，当前草莓栽培中普遍存在偏重施用化肥的现象，盲目的施肥不仅造成肥料资源的浪费，生产上的产投比降低，而且会引起草莓品质的下降，甚至造成生态环境的恶化。随着草莓栽培的现代化和集约化，发展现代高效持续农业，改善生态环境质量，提高生态、经济和社会效益，科学、经济的施肥是必不可少的。施肥的肥效好坏，首先取决于N、P、K三要素含量的比例关系。
本试验以达赛莱克特和鬼怒甘两个草莓优良品种为材料，采用3因素，5水平二次正交组合回归设计，即选取N、P、K三要素，以+r,+1,0,-1,-r五个水平(每盆用量范围分别为：N：1.0-8.0mmol/L、P_2O_5：0.5-4.0 mmol/L、K_2O：3.0-20.0 mmol/L)进行试验设计，共15个浓度处理组合。定期测量植株的生长与结果的各项生长指标。以单株产量为依据确定出在本试验条件下的最优处理组合(处理9)，结合最低产量(处理3)、中间产量(处理6)以及对照(CK)4个处理作图，进行生长发育规律分析，并得出不同N、P、K配比下草莓植株营养生长和生殖生长各指标间的相关性矩阵：用STAT和STATG软件进行方差分析、线性回归分析，建立N、P、K与各生长指标的函数模型，模拟草莓植株的生长与结果模式，最后以Excel编程寻优，寻求最佳的高效生产农艺施肥配方组合方案，探索N、P、K配施对草莓生长与结实的影响，以期为我国草莓的无污染栽培和工厂化生产提供科学依据，指导生产，降低施肥
西南农业大学硕士学位论文
成本，实现草毒的无公害生产。试验结果如下:
以无土盆栽的草墓新品种—达赛莱克特进行本次试验，得出了在现有的生产条件和品
种特性下的最佳施肥量，即N、P、K配比用量为0.23:0 .186:0.36幼，或施用比例l:0. 8:1.60
在重庆地区选择优良品种，进行无土盆栽生产中、高档草墓，不仅美观而且栽培的草毒果实
无污染、形状和品质均较好，有着广阔的市场前景.
试验得到了营养生长与生殖生长各指标间的相关系数矩阵，证明了营养生长与生殖生长
之间是密切相关、相互制约的，只有二者生长代谢达到协调，才能表现出品种的应有特性。
本试验以处理9(高N、中P、中K)的配方最有利于草蓦的生长发育，其各项指标均较好，
说明处理9营养生长与生殖生长比较均衡，达到本试验的最高产量，同时也说明了N、P、K
三要素的配施比例对草幕植株的生长有很重要的作用。
建立了各个指标的N、P、K肥效反应数学模型，分析了N、P、K三要素对草墓生长发
育和产量的影响。草每对N、P、K的反应关系符合三元二次回归模式，但模型的参数可能会
因不同气候、不同品种、不同土壤肥力水平之间的差异而发生较大的变化，因此还有待于做
进一步的研究.模拟的数学模型大都为典型的抛物线方程。因此，并非施肥量越多对革毯植
株的生一长发育越有利。本试验结果表明:在现有的生产条件和品种特性下，其最佳施肥量为
高N中P刃5和中K刃水平，其植株达到最佳生长和结果的需要.即在作物的养分需求范围内，
N对生长结果具有最直接的影响，在其他元素没有严重限制时，N素大大的支配了碳水化合
物有助于营养生长和生殖生长。
试验采用3因素，5水平二次正交组合回归设计草墓的多因子施肥试验，试验规模小，
有利于环境因子均匀控制，减小实验误差，适宜在开展其它作物多因子栽培试验和探索标准
化栽培技术研究中应用。草苟是连续座果、多次采收的作物，若将整个生育期分段探讨出各
阶段的最佳施肥量及其它最佳参数，再综合分析，可得出更为合理的施肥方案，值得作进一
步的研究.
The strawberry cultivar Darselect in trial was introduced from France for the first time in 1997. This variety is considered as mid-prematurity, robust crop.Its adaptability appears very strong with a high resistance to various pests and diseases. The fruit shows a standard cone shape, scarlet with high brightness, the flesh is all-red, firm, bearing carrity, the fruit taste is very good with adequate proportion of acid and sugar, Total soluble sugar (TSS) varies from 9 to 12 %. The fruit weight from the first blossom ranges from 26 g to 65 g, with a yield up to 2000-3500 kg/667m2. Strawberry cultivated in pot by soilless and proportional fertilization can provide a longer flowering and fruiting period as an ornamental plant in city. Its cultivation in pot also brings to an important potential recreative consumption and increases its additional value.
The strawberry blossom and fruit bearing are important. The flower period generally meets a large need of nutrients. Nowadays, strawberry cultivation depends principally on fertilization, particularly on application of combined mineral elements. Improper fertilization results in lower fruit quality and yield, even environmental deterioration in ecosystem. Along with the modernization of strawberry intensive cultivation, it is necessary to develop a modern sustaining-agriculture and improve the ecosystem environment quality in order to obtain ecological-econom-social benefits. So that the proper fertilization is thought as an scientific and economic practice in strawberry cultivation, especially in application of proportionally combined N, P, K elements.
The trial is carried out through the new firm-flesh cultivar cultivation of
strawberry (Fragavia ananessa: F. chiloensisXF. Virginia) introduced from France (Darselect: ParkerXElsanta) planted in pot. With fifteen different combinations or treatments of N, P and K, the vegetative and reproductive characteristics were observed. The result indicated that treatment 9 was the optimal one with the highest yield among the total 15 treatments as compared with a non-fertilized check. The best treatment was made up of N: P: K=0.112:0.07:0.45 g/l, or proportion 1: 0.7: 4.5.
The experiment result was presented by a correlation matrix of the vegetative growth and reproductive growth index, among which the vegetative index are related closely to the reproductive ones, only when the two growth metabolism attain a better coordination, the cultivar characteristic could be shown. In this experiment the most beneficial treatment for the growth could be regarded as the treatment 9 (high N, middle P, middle K). In conclusion, the treatment 9 attained the better balance of vegetative and reproductive growth, got the highest yield in this experiment. The ratio of the three macro-elements plays an important role in the growth and development of the strawberry plant.
This experiment establishes the nutritious effect model for each growth variable through the combined fertilization of N, P, K, by which we can analyse the influence of the three main elements on the growth and the yield of the strawberry. The plant reaction to N, P, K could be presented by three-factor quadratic regression model. However, the parameters in the model might be influenced by climate, cultivar as well as soil factors. It proved to be necessary to bring to a further research. Most of the simulated mathematic model is typical parabola. Therefore, applying more fertilizer does not mean more beneficial to strawberry growth. Our experiment indicates that: Under the current production condition and the varietal characteristics, the most suitable usage of fertilizer is high level in N and the middle level in P2O5and K2O with the best growth. That is, N influences directly the growth and fruiting, when the other elements have no significant effects. N determines in some great degree whether the carbohy
drate is used to vegetative growth or reproductive growth.
草莓开花结果多、花期集中，是一种需肥量很大的作物，当前草莓栽培中普遍存在偏重施用化肥的现象，盲目的施肥不仅造成肥料资源的浪费，生产上的产投比降低，而且会引起草莓品质的下降，甚至造成生态环境的恶化。随着草莓栽培的现代化和集约化，发展现代高效持续农业，改善生态环境质量，提高生态、经济和社会效益，科学、经济的施肥是必不可少的。施肥的肥效好坏，首先取决于N、P、K三要素含量的比例关系。
本试验以达赛莱克特和鬼怒甘两个草莓优良品种为材料，采用3因素，5水平二次正交组合回归设计，即选取N、P、K三要素，以+r,+1,0,-1,-r五个水平(每盆用量范围分别为：N：1.0-8.0mmol/L、P_2O_5：0.5-4.0 mmol/L、K_2O：3.0-20.0 mmol/L)进行试验设计，共15个浓度处理组合。定期测量植株的生长与结果的各项生长指标。以单株产量为依据确定出在本试验条件下的最优处理组合(处理9)，结合最低产量(处理3)、中间产量(处理6)以及对照(CK)4个处理作图，进行生长发育规律分析，并得出不同N、P、K配比下草莓植株营养生长和生殖生长各指标间的相关性矩阵：用STAT和STATG软件进行方差分析、线性回归分析，建立N、P、K与各生长指标的函数模型，模拟草莓植株的生长与结果模式，最后以Excel编程寻优，寻求最佳的高效生产农艺施肥配方组合方案，探索N、P、K配施对草莓生长与结实的影响，以期为我国草莓的无污染栽培和工厂化生产提供科学依据，指导生产，降低施肥
西南农业大学硕士学位论文
成本，实现草毒的无公害生产。试验结果如下:
以无土盆栽的草墓新品种—达赛莱克特进行本次试验，得出了在现有的生产条件和品
种特性下的最佳施肥量，即N、P、K配比用量为0.23:0 .186:0.36幼，或施用比例l:0. 8:1.60
在重庆地区选择优良品种，进行无土盆栽生产中、高档草墓，不仅美观而且栽培的草毒果实
无污染、形状和品质均较好，有着广阔的市场前景.
试验得到了营养生长与生殖生长各指标间的相关系数矩阵，证明了营养生长与生殖生长
之间是密切相关、相互制约的，只有二者生长代谢达到协调，才能表现出品种的应有特性。
本试验以处理9(高N、中P、中K)的配方最有利于草蓦的生长发育，其各项指标均较好，
说明处理9营养生长与生殖生长比较均衡，达到本试验的最高产量，同时也说明了N、P、K
三要素的配施比例对草幕植株的生长有很重要的作用。
建立了各个指标的N、P、K肥效反应数学模型，分析了N、P、K三要素对草墓生长发
育和产量的影响。草每对N、P、K的反应关系符合三元二次回归模式，但模型的参数可能会
因不同气候、不同品种、不同土壤肥力水平之间的差异而发生较大的变化，因此还有待于做
进一步的研究.模拟的数学模型大都为典型的抛物线方程。因此，并非施肥量越多对革毯植
株的生一长发育越有利。本试验结果表明:在现有的生产条件和品种特性下，其最佳施肥量为
高N中P刃5和中K刃水平，其植株达到最佳生长和结果的需要.即在作物的养分需求范围内，
N对生长结果具有最直接的影响，在其他元素没有严重限制时，N素大大的支配了碳水化合
物有助于营养生长和生殖生长。
试验采用3因素，5水平二次正交组合回归设计草墓的多因子施肥试验，试验规模小，
有利于环境因子均匀控制，减小实验误差，适宜在开展其它作物多因子栽培试验和探索标准
化栽培技术研究中应用。草苟是连续座果、多次采收的作物，若将整个生育期分段探讨出各
阶段的最佳施肥量及其它最佳参数，再综合分析，可得出更为合理的施肥方案，值得作进一
步的研究.
The strawberry cultivar Darselect in trial was introduced from France for the first time in 1997. This variety is considered as mid-prematurity, robust crop.Its adaptability appears very strong with a high resistance to various pests and diseases. The fruit shows a standard cone shape, scarlet with high brightness, the flesh is all-red, firm, bearing carrity, the fruit taste is very good with adequate proportion of acid and sugar, Total soluble sugar (TSS) varies from 9 to 12 %. The fruit weight from the first blossom ranges from 26 g to 65 g, with a yield up to 2000-3500 kg/667m2. Strawberry cultivated in pot by soilless and proportional fertilization can provide a longer flowering and fruiting period as an ornamental plant in city. Its cultivation in pot also brings to an important potential recreative consumption and increases its additional value.
The strawberry blossom and fruit bearing are important. The flower period generally meets a large need of nutrients. Nowadays, strawberry cultivation depends principally on fertilization, particularly on application of combined mineral elements. Improper fertilization results in lower fruit quality and yield, even environmental deterioration in ecosystem. Along with the modernization of strawberry intensive cultivation, it is necessary to develop a modern sustaining-agriculture and improve the ecosystem environment quality in order to obtain ecological-econom-social benefits. So that the proper fertilization is thought as an scientific and economic practice in strawberry cultivation, especially in application of proportionally combined N, P, K elements.
The trial is carried out through the new firm-flesh cultivar cultivation of
strawberry (Fragavia ananessa: F. chiloensisXF. Virginia) introduced from France (Darselect: ParkerXElsanta) planted in pot. With fifteen different combinations or treatments of N, P and K, the vegetative and reproductive characteristics were observed. The result indicated that treatment 9 was the optimal one with the highest yield among the total 15 treatments as compared with a non-fertilized check. The best treatment was made up of N: P: K=0.112:0.07:0.45 g/l, or proportion 1: 0.7: 4.5.
The experiment result was presented by a correlation matrix of the vegetative growth and reproductive growth index, among which the vegetative index are related closely to the reproductive ones, only when the two growth metabolism attain a better coordination, the cultivar characteristic could be shown. In this experiment the most beneficial treatment for the growth could be regarded as the treatment 9 (high N, middle P, middle K). In conclusion, the treatment 9 attained the better balance of vegetative and reproductive growth, got the highest yield in this experiment. The ratio of the three macro-elements plays an important role in the growth and development of the strawberry plant.
This experiment establishes the nutritious effect model for each growth variable through the combined fertilization of N, P, K, by which we can analyse the influence of the three main elements on the growth and the yield of the strawberry. The plant reaction to N, P, K could be presented by three-factor quadratic regression model. However, the parameters in the model might be influenced by climate, cultivar as well as soil factors. It proved to be necessary to bring to a further research. Most of the simulated mathematic model is typical parabola. Therefore, applying more fertilizer does not mean more beneficial to strawberry growth. Our experiment indicates that: Under the current production condition and the varietal characteristics, the most suitable usage of fertilizer is high level in N and the middle level in P2O5and K2O with the best growth. That is, N influences directly the growth and fruiting, when the other elements have no significant effects. N determines in some great degree whether the carbohy
drate is used to vegetative growth or reproductive growth.
引文
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