面向科研协作的协同编辑环境的研究
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摘要
协同编辑是计算机支持的协同工作的重要应用分支,它支持地理位置上分散的多个用户通过Internet实时在线地浏览和编辑同一个共享文档,以克服由地域分散而带来的工作不便,提供一个交流合作的平台。
本论文来源于国家工信部电子发展基金项目"PapersCloud",主要针对项目的研究方向之一协同编辑进行了深入探讨,对面向科研协作的文档协同编辑环境的架构进行研究与设计。论文就以下方面进行了研究：
1)科研协同编辑环境的概况：从计算机支持的协同工作和协同编辑的概念及理论出发,引出了协同编辑环境的三大体系结构,并对每种体系的优缺点进行了分析。
2)协同编辑机制的相关内容：对协同编辑机制的三要素和实现方法进行了详细阐述。着重展开了对一致性维护、协同感知、访问控制、协作通信和并发控制等协同编辑机制的研究。
在经过对协同编辑的相关理论和机制的研究后,论文重点对协同编辑环境架构进行了设计：本文将协同编辑环境架构分为三个部分,即客户端、通信层和服务器端,并对每一个部分进行结构设计。在客户端,以人机交互为切入点,简要设计了一个提供编辑区、编辑工具、在线讨论等模块的协同编辑界面。在通信层,采用了Jabber作为通信平台,并在此基础上设计了一个可进行消息恢复的可靠传输机制。在服务器端,对控制层的协同应用子层中的几个关键的协同编辑机制进行了设计。
Cooperative Editing Environment is a very important application branch of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, and it allows a group of users to view and edit a shared document at the same time from geographically dispersed sites connected through Internet, to overcome the inconvenience brought by the geographical dispersed and provide opportunities for communication, discussion and cooperation.
The dissertation which relies on the project of "Papers Cloud" supported by the Electronics Development Fund of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology mainly aims for cooperative Editing that is one of the directions of the research projects, and then gives the detailed designing of the Cooperative Editing Environment for Scientific collaboration. This dissertation has made several researches on the following key issues:
1) The general situation of Cooperative Editing Environment:the dissertation comes up with the concept and theory of CSCW and cooperative editing environment, and then elicits the three architectures adopted by the current scientific collaboration system with elaborating the advantages and disadvantages.
2) The details of Cooperative Editing Mechanism:it details on the three key elements of cooperative editing mechanisms and the implementation, and the focus on the mechanism of cooperative editing such as consistency safeguard, cooperative awareness, access control, cooperative communication, concurrency control and so on.
The dissertation has given the detailed designing of the Cooperative Editing Environment of Scientific collaboration. The architecture of cooperative editing environment is divided into three parts, Client, Communication Layer and Server. Every part of the structure is designed in detailed. With the starting point of human-computer interaction, an interface of cooperative editing is designed which is composed of editor, editing tools, online discussions and the other modules,On the communication layer, Jabber is used as a communications platform. Meanwhile, a reliable transport mechanism is designed for message recovery on the basis of it. On the server side, several key mechanisms of cooperative editing which works in the sub-layer of control layer are designed.
本论文来源于国家工信部电子发展基金项目"PapersCloud",主要针对项目的研究方向之一协同编辑进行了深入探讨,对面向科研协作的文档协同编辑环境的架构进行研究与设计。论文就以下方面进行了研究：
1)科研协同编辑环境的概况：从计算机支持的协同工作和协同编辑的概念及理论出发,引出了协同编辑环境的三大体系结构,并对每种体系的优缺点进行了分析。
2)协同编辑机制的相关内容：对协同编辑机制的三要素和实现方法进行了详细阐述。着重展开了对一致性维护、协同感知、访问控制、协作通信和并发控制等协同编辑机制的研究。
在经过对协同编辑的相关理论和机制的研究后,论文重点对协同编辑环境架构进行了设计：本文将协同编辑环境架构分为三个部分,即客户端、通信层和服务器端,并对每一个部分进行结构设计。在客户端,以人机交互为切入点,简要设计了一个提供编辑区、编辑工具、在线讨论等模块的协同编辑界面。在通信层,采用了Jabber作为通信平台,并在此基础上设计了一个可进行消息恢复的可靠传输机制。在服务器端,对控制层的协同应用子层中的几个关键的协同编辑机制进行了设计。
Cooperative Editing Environment is a very important application branch of Computer Supported Cooperative Work, and it allows a group of users to view and edit a shared document at the same time from geographically dispersed sites connected through Internet, to overcome the inconvenience brought by the geographical dispersed and provide opportunities for communication, discussion and cooperation.
The dissertation which relies on the project of "Papers Cloud" supported by the Electronics Development Fund of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology mainly aims for cooperative Editing that is one of the directions of the research projects, and then gives the detailed designing of the Cooperative Editing Environment for Scientific collaboration. This dissertation has made several researches on the following key issues:
1) The general situation of Cooperative Editing Environment:the dissertation comes up with the concept and theory of CSCW and cooperative editing environment, and then elicits the three architectures adopted by the current scientific collaboration system with elaborating the advantages and disadvantages.
2) The details of Cooperative Editing Mechanism:it details on the three key elements of cooperative editing mechanisms and the implementation, and the focus on the mechanism of cooperative editing such as consistency safeguard, cooperative awareness, access control, cooperative communication, concurrency control and so on.
The dissertation has given the detailed designing of the Cooperative Editing Environment of Scientific collaboration. The architecture of cooperative editing environment is divided into three parts, Client, Communication Layer and Server. Every part of the structure is designed in detailed. With the starting point of human-computer interaction, an interface of cooperative editing is designed which is composed of editor, editing tools, online discussions and the other modules,On the communication layer, Jabber is used as a communications platform. Meanwhile, a reliable transport mechanism is designed for message recovery on the basis of it. On the server side, several key mechanisms of cooperative editing which works in the sub-layer of control layer are designed.
引文
[1]史美林,向勇,杨光信.计算机支持的协同工作理论与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2000.
[2]顾君忠.计算机支持的协同工作导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2002,1-20.
[3]邵伟峰,杨洋.协同编辑系统中多版本XML文档的存储与查询[J].计算机工程.2006,32(24)：75-77.
[4]孙坦.数字化科研e-Science研究[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2009,2-96.
[5]G.Yang,H.jin,M.li et al.,Grid Computing in China,Jornal of Grid Computing. 2004,24(2):193-209.
[6]张瑞生,王东云,范晓亮等.基于Xwiki的科研协作管理支撑平台[J],计算机工程.2008,34(020)：280-285.
[7]印鉴,曹王华,杨敏.科研项目管理系统的设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究.2005,22(003)：214-219.
[8]N.Bos, A. Zimmerman, J.Olson,et al.,From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice:A Taxonomy of Col laboratories, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 2007,12(2):652-672.
[9]冯家宏,董科军,闫保平Access Grid网格环境下的可视化群组协同工作环境[J].微电子学与计算机.2004,21(004)：1-4.
[10]S.B.Shum, R. D. De, M. Eisenstadt, et al., Coakting:Collaborative Advanced Knowledge Technologies in the Grid, In Proceedings of Second Workshop on Advanced Collaborative Environments, Eleventh IEEE Int.Symp.On Hight Performance Distributed Computing, Edinburgh.2002,12(003):24-26.
[11]I. Frame, K. F. Austent, M. Calleja, et al., New Tools to Support Collaboration and Virtual Organizations,Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.2009,367(1890):1051-1056.
[12]F.B. Vi, M. Wattenberg, H. F. Van et al., Manyeyes:a site for visualization at internet scale, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,13(6),2007:1121-1128
[13]钱丹丽,李红臣,孙瑞志.一个基于工作流的CSCW平台[J].小型微型计算机系统,2004,25(6)：1057-1063.
[14]仇芒仙,李海明.计算机协同学习技术及应用[M].电子工业出版社.2009.
[15]向勇,张少华,史美林.国内协作研究的现状和发展[J].通信学报.2006.
[16]扈震,王勇.基于GIS的城市规划空间辅助决策平台[J].中国地质大学学报.2006,12(5)：66-68.
[17]杨斌.北京市远程医疗咨询系统白板部分设计与实现[J].北京邮电大学学报.2005.
[18]王世明,陈根才,蔡海梁.基于web的实时协同编辑系统中的一致性控制[J].计算机研究与发展,2001,38(12)：1505-1511.
[19]杨红云,协同商务系统理念与发展趋势[J].中国商务信息.12(01)：20-22.
[20]石映辉,王晓平,李天泽.一种基于知识点结构的分布式协同学习一致性模型分析[J].计算机科学.2011,12(8)：55-58.
[21]R.Johansen.Groupware Computer Support for Business Teams.The Free Press.NY,USA.1988
[22]Leslie Lamport.Time,Clocks,and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System[J].CACM. 1978,21(7):558-565.
[23]D.W.Lozier,B.R.Miller,B.V.Saunders.Design of a Digital Mathematical Library for science.technology and education[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries.1999,5(006):19-21.
[24]何光明,雒伟群,何不廉.协同虚拟实验室关键技术的研究[J].计算机仿真.2004,21(12)：252-254.
[25]邵伟峰.基于工作流的协同编辑系统的设计[J].航空计算技术,2005,35(3)：72-75.
[26]高苗,李军怀,张璟.基于能耗的协同感知消息传递方法[J].中山大学学报.2009,48(1)：113-117.
[27]施奕勇,朱巧明,朱斐.一个适用于协同编辑环境的工作流系统的设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件.2007,24(7)：100-102.
[28]郁为栋,王景寅.一个计算机协同编辑系统的设计与实现[J].计算机工程1998,24(10)：12-16.
[29]王名悠.实时协同文本编辑系统中共享文档的一致性维护[J].福建电脑报.2006,24(03)：107-108.
[30]裴云章,史元春,徐光.分布式计算模式下的协同编著系统[J]清华大学学报.2000,40(001)：76-79.
[31]毛启容,詹永照,毕明.实时协同编辑系统的结构及管件技术[J].计算机工程.2002,28(6)：99-101.
[32]陈丽.协同编辑系统中并发控制的研究与实现[D].西安：西安电子科技大学.2008.1.
[33]范志.实时协同编辑系统中并发控制算法的研究[D].兰州：兰州理工大学.2009.3.
[34]Ellis C A, Gibbs S J. Concurrency control in groupware systems[C]Proc.of ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data.Seattle, Washington, USA,1989:399-407.
[35]ChengzhenSun,David Chen, Xiahua Jia. Reversible inclusion and exclusion transformation for string-wise operation in cooperative editing systems[C]Proc. Of The 21st Australasian Computer Science Conference.1998.
[36]Sun Chengzheng, Jia Xiahua, zhang Yanchun,et al. Achieving convergence,Causality preservation, and intention preservation in real-time cooperative editing systems[J].ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction.1998,5(1):63-108.
[37]廖斌,何发智,荆树旭.实时协同工作系统中操作转换算法综述[J].计算机研究与发展.2007.
[38]张志强.基于操作转换的协同图形编辑系统的研究和实现[J].计算机工程与科学.2003,25(22)：10-14.
[39]Operational Transformation,In WiKipedia,the free encyclopedia[EB/OL].
[40]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_transformation.
[41]Ressel M,Gunzenbauser R.An integrating,transformation-oriented approach to concurrency control and undo in group editors[C]//Proc.OfACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperation Work.November.1996,45(68):288-297.
[42]Viodot Nicolas,Cart Michelle,Ferrie Jean,et al.Copies convergence in a distributed real-time collaborative environment[C]//Proc.Of ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.Philadelphia,USA,December.2000,170-198.
[43]杜大刚.基于树形结构文档的协同编辑算法[J].计算机与现代化.2008,(9)：18-23.
[44]景栋盛,杨继文,朱晓旭.协同编辑器中并发控制算法的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与设计.2008,28(2)：254-256.
[45]何鸿君,吴泉源,罗丽.协同编辑中维护操作意愿的文档标注方法[J].软件学报.1999,10(2)：160-164.
[46]吴筱媛,顾宁.基于文档标注的并发控制方法[J].计算机研究与发现.2002,39(12)；1662-1667.
[47]N.C.Narendra,Flexible support and management of adaptive workflow processes.Information Systems Frontiers.2004,6(3):246-267.
[48]Liu,Y,Shi,Y&Xu,G:Support Group Awareness in Collaborative Design,Proceeding of Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design 2001,London(2001).
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[52]陈玲,陈根才,蔡海梁.基于web的实时协同编辑系统中的一致性控制[J].计算机研究与发展.2001,38(12)：1505-1511.
[53]D.W. Lozier, B.R. Miller, B.V. Saunders. Design of a Digital Mathematical Library for science,technology and education[C]. Proceedings of the IEEE Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries.19995:19-21.
[2]顾君忠.计算机支持的协同工作导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2002,1-20.
[3]邵伟峰,杨洋.协同编辑系统中多版本XML文档的存储与查询[J].计算机工程.2006,32(24)：75-77.
[4]孙坦.数字化科研e-Science研究[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2009,2-96.
[5]G.Yang,H.jin,M.li et al.,Grid Computing in China,Jornal of Grid Computing. 2004,24(2):193-209.
[6]张瑞生,王东云,范晓亮等.基于Xwiki的科研协作管理支撑平台[J],计算机工程.2008,34(020)：280-285.
[7]印鉴,曹王华,杨敏.科研项目管理系统的设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究.2005,22(003)：214-219.
[8]N.Bos, A. Zimmerman, J.Olson,et al.,From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice:A Taxonomy of Col laboratories, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 2007,12(2):652-672.
[9]冯家宏,董科军,闫保平Access Grid网格环境下的可视化群组协同工作环境[J].微电子学与计算机.2004,21(004)：1-4.
[10]S.B.Shum, R. D. De, M. Eisenstadt, et al., Coakting:Collaborative Advanced Knowledge Technologies in the Grid, In Proceedings of Second Workshop on Advanced Collaborative Environments, Eleventh IEEE Int.Symp.On Hight Performance Distributed Computing, Edinburgh.2002,12(003):24-26.
[11]I. Frame, K. F. Austent, M. Calleja, et al., New Tools to Support Collaboration and Virtual Organizations,Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.2009,367(1890):1051-1056.
[12]F.B. Vi, M. Wattenberg, H. F. Van et al., Manyeyes:a site for visualization at internet scale, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,13(6),2007:1121-1128
[13]钱丹丽,李红臣,孙瑞志.一个基于工作流的CSCW平台[J].小型微型计算机系统,2004,25(6)：1057-1063.
[14]仇芒仙,李海明.计算机协同学习技术及应用[M].电子工业出版社.2009.
[15]向勇,张少华,史美林.国内协作研究的现状和发展[J].通信学报.2006.
[16]扈震,王勇.基于GIS的城市规划空间辅助决策平台[J].中国地质大学学报.2006,12(5)：66-68.
[17]杨斌.北京市远程医疗咨询系统白板部分设计与实现[J].北京邮电大学学报.2005.
[18]王世明,陈根才,蔡海梁.基于web的实时协同编辑系统中的一致性控制[J].计算机研究与发展,2001,38(12)：1505-1511.
[19]杨红云,协同商务系统理念与发展趋势[J].中国商务信息.12(01)：20-22.
[20]石映辉,王晓平,李天泽.一种基于知识点结构的分布式协同学习一致性模型分析[J].计算机科学.2011,12(8)：55-58.
[21]R.Johansen.Groupware Computer Support for Business Teams.The Free Press.NY,USA.1988
[22]Leslie Lamport.Time,Clocks,and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System[J].CACM. 1978,21(7):558-565.
[23]D.W.Lozier,B.R.Miller,B.V.Saunders.Design of a Digital Mathematical Library for science.technology and education[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries.1999,5(006):19-21.
[24]何光明,雒伟群,何不廉.协同虚拟实验室关键技术的研究[J].计算机仿真.2004,21(12)：252-254.
[25]邵伟峰.基于工作流的协同编辑系统的设计[J].航空计算技术,2005,35(3)：72-75.
[26]高苗,李军怀,张璟.基于能耗的协同感知消息传递方法[J].中山大学学报.2009,48(1)：113-117.
[27]施奕勇,朱巧明,朱斐.一个适用于协同编辑环境的工作流系统的设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件.2007,24(7)：100-102.
[28]郁为栋,王景寅.一个计算机协同编辑系统的设计与实现[J].计算机工程1998,24(10)：12-16.
[29]王名悠.实时协同文本编辑系统中共享文档的一致性维护[J].福建电脑报.2006,24(03)：107-108.
[30]裴云章,史元春,徐光.分布式计算模式下的协同编著系统[J]清华大学学报.2000,40(001)：76-79.
[31]毛启容,詹永照,毕明.实时协同编辑系统的结构及管件技术[J].计算机工程.2002,28(6)：99-101.
[32]陈丽.协同编辑系统中并发控制的研究与实现[D].西安：西安电子科技大学.2008.1.
[33]范志.实时协同编辑系统中并发控制算法的研究[D].兰州：兰州理工大学.2009.3.
[34]Ellis C A, Gibbs S J. Concurrency control in groupware systems[C]Proc.of ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data.Seattle, Washington, USA,1989:399-407.
[35]ChengzhenSun,David Chen, Xiahua Jia. Reversible inclusion and exclusion transformation for string-wise operation in cooperative editing systems[C]Proc. Of The 21st Australasian Computer Science Conference.1998.
[36]Sun Chengzheng, Jia Xiahua, zhang Yanchun,et al. Achieving convergence,Causality preservation, and intention preservation in real-time cooperative editing systems[J].ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction.1998,5(1):63-108.
[37]廖斌,何发智,荆树旭.实时协同工作系统中操作转换算法综述[J].计算机研究与发展.2007.
[38]张志强.基于操作转换的协同图形编辑系统的研究和实现[J].计算机工程与科学.2003,25(22)：10-14.
[39]Operational Transformation,In WiKipedia,the free encyclopedia[EB/OL].
[40]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_transformation.
[41]Ressel M,Gunzenbauser R.An integrating,transformation-oriented approach to concurrency control and undo in group editors[C]//Proc.OfACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperation Work.November.1996,45(68):288-297.
[42]Viodot Nicolas,Cart Michelle,Ferrie Jean,et al.Copies convergence in a distributed real-time collaborative environment[C]//Proc.Of ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.Philadelphia,USA,December.2000,170-198.
[43]杜大刚.基于树形结构文档的协同编辑算法[J].计算机与现代化.2008,(9)：18-23.
[44]景栋盛,杨继文,朱晓旭.协同编辑器中并发控制算法的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与设计.2008,28(2)：254-256.
[45]何鸿君,吴泉源,罗丽.协同编辑中维护操作意愿的文档标注方法[J].软件学报.1999,10(2)：160-164.
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