大型工程项目招标采购流程研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的发展,大型工程项目不断增加,尤其是进入“十二五”后这种趋势更加明显。这些大型工程的顺利实现对我国的经济建设和人民生活质量的提高都有重要影响,因此高效的完成大型工程项目应该是我们重点关注的,而作为大型工程实现的基础的招标采购也必然成为了我们研究的重要领域。但是现阶段的招标采购流程中存在一些问题,这对大型工程项目招标采购招标目标的实现是很不利的。
基于上述背景,以大型工程项目招标采购流程为主题撰写了本硕士论文,论文的主要内容、方法及结论如下:
首先,介绍了招标采购和大型工程项目招标采购不断发展的现状,并对招标的国内外研究现状进行了综述。在结合项目管理理论及大型工程的特点,界定出了大型工程项目招标采购等概念,并对其进行了五阶段划分,即为招标准备阶段、招标文件的编制阶段、发售招标文件与接收投标文件阶段、开评定标阶段和订立合同五个阶段。
其次,通过访谈法和文献调查法等提出了大型工程项目招标采购招标采购过程中存在的问题,并把这些问题界定为大型工程项目招标采购流程中应重点加强的关键流程,同时根据相关法规和管理工作的要求界定了各阶段的工作目标。
最后,结合项目管理理论,提出大型工程项目招标采购五个阶段流程管理,并结合五大过程组和责任制,对这五个阶段分别从横向的责任人和纵向五大过程组进行流程管理,这样一方面落实了责任主体,另一方面加强对招标采购流程的动态控,即最终形成了横向责任主体自身管理和纵向动态管理的大型工程项目招标采购的招标采购流程。
With the development of our national economy, bidding and tendering activities are involving a large scope, the projects number is getting even bigger and the relevant social benefit and economy benefit are even obvious. Entering the Twelfth Five Year, there are more and more key construction projects. The completion of all these large projects is very important to the improvement of the living conditions of our people and our national economy construction. Therefore, we should focus on completing all these large projects and the procurement of large projects should be our main research field. Meanwhile, there are certain problems in the current procurement procedures, which are harmful to the realization of the bidding targets. Based on that, this thesis takes the optimization of the procurement procedures as the theme and the main contents, methods and conclusions are as followed:
Firstly, the developing conditions of procurement and large project are introduced. The literature reviews in and abroad is made. Combining the characters of project management theory and the large projects, the concept of large project procurement are defined and it is divided into five stages. They are respectively the bidding preparation stage, bidding document compiling stage, bidding stage, judging stage and contract establishing stage.
Secondly, through interview and literature review, the problems of large project procurement procedure are identified. These problems are taken as the key procedures that need to be enhanced. Meanwhile, the work target is identified.
Finally, based on the combination of the project management theory, the detailed tacks of each stage are proposed. and combining the five procedure groups of project management, the procedures of the five stage are optimized from the aspects of horizontal responding person and the vertical procedure group. In this way, from one aspect, the responding person is set and from another side, the dynamic control of the procurement procedures is enhanced. Therefore, the horizontal responding party self management and vertical dynamic management large project procurement procedure is formed.
基于上述背景,以大型工程项目招标采购流程为主题撰写了本硕士论文,论文的主要内容、方法及结论如下:
首先,介绍了招标采购和大型工程项目招标采购不断发展的现状,并对招标的国内外研究现状进行了综述。在结合项目管理理论及大型工程的特点,界定出了大型工程项目招标采购等概念,并对其进行了五阶段划分,即为招标准备阶段、招标文件的编制阶段、发售招标文件与接收投标文件阶段、开评定标阶段和订立合同五个阶段。
其次,通过访谈法和文献调查法等提出了大型工程项目招标采购招标采购过程中存在的问题,并把这些问题界定为大型工程项目招标采购流程中应重点加强的关键流程,同时根据相关法规和管理工作的要求界定了各阶段的工作目标。
最后,结合项目管理理论,提出大型工程项目招标采购五个阶段流程管理,并结合五大过程组和责任制,对这五个阶段分别从横向的责任人和纵向五大过程组进行流程管理,这样一方面落实了责任主体,另一方面加强对招标采购流程的动态控,即最终形成了横向责任主体自身管理和纵向动态管理的大型工程项目招标采购的招标采购流程。
With the development of our national economy, bidding and tendering activities are involving a large scope, the projects number is getting even bigger and the relevant social benefit and economy benefit are even obvious. Entering the Twelfth Five Year, there are more and more key construction projects. The completion of all these large projects is very important to the improvement of the living conditions of our people and our national economy construction. Therefore, we should focus on completing all these large projects and the procurement of large projects should be our main research field. Meanwhile, there are certain problems in the current procurement procedures, which are harmful to the realization of the bidding targets. Based on that, this thesis takes the optimization of the procurement procedures as the theme and the main contents, methods and conclusions are as followed:
Firstly, the developing conditions of procurement and large project are introduced. The literature reviews in and abroad is made. Combining the characters of project management theory and the large projects, the concept of large project procurement are defined and it is divided into five stages. They are respectively the bidding preparation stage, bidding document compiling stage, bidding stage, judging stage and contract establishing stage.
Secondly, through interview and literature review, the problems of large project procurement procedure are identified. These problems are taken as the key procedures that need to be enhanced. Meanwhile, the work target is identified.
Finally, based on the combination of the project management theory, the detailed tacks of each stage are proposed. and combining the five procedure groups of project management, the procedures of the five stage are optimized from the aspects of horizontal responding person and the vertical procedure group. In this way, from one aspect, the responding person is set and from another side, the dynamic control of the procurement procedures is enhanced. Therefore, the horizontal responding party self management and vertical dynamic management large project procurement procedure is formed.
引文
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[7] Myersonr, Satterthwaite. Efficient mechanisms for bilateral trading [J]. Journal of Economical Theory, 1983, 29(2): 265-281.
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[2]郑建国.项目采购管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007.
[3] Emblen. A Competitive Bidding for corporate securities [D]. New York: Columbia University, 1944.
[4] Friedman. A Competitive-bidding strategy [J]. Operations Research, 1956, 4(1): 104-112.
[5] Friedman. Competitive bidding strategy [D]. Ohio: Institute of Technology, 1957.
[6] Hanssman, Rivett. Competitive bidding [J]. Operational Research, 1959, 10(1): 49-55.
[7] Myersonr, Satterthwaite. Efficient mechanisms for bilateral trading [J]. Journal of Economical Theory, 1983, 29(2): 265-281.
[8] Ortega Reiehert. Models for competitive bidding under uncertainty [D]. Standford: Standford University: Department of Operations Research, 1968.
[9] Rothkopf Miehael. On auctions with withdrawable winning bids [J]. Marketting Science, 1991, 10 (1): 40-57.
[10] Holmstrom, Milgrom. Aggregation and linearity in the provision of intertemporal incentives [J]. Econometrica, 1987, 55(2): 302-328.
[11] Engelbreeht Wiggans Dougherty, Lohrenz. A model for the distribution of the number of bids on federal offshore oil lease [J]. Management Science, 1986, 32(9): 1087-1094.
[12] [英]Tomas L.C..招投标对策论及其应用[M],勒敏,王辉青译.北京:解放军出版社, 1988.
[13] Willen Brock. Utility function determination for bidding models [J]. Journal of the Construction Division, 1973, 99(1): 133-153.
[14] Seyde, Olson D.L.. Bids considering multiple criteria [J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1990, 116(4): 609-623.
[15] Liu S.L., Lai K.K., Wang S.Y.. Multiple criteria models for evaluation of competitive bids [J]. Journal of Mathematics Applied in Business and Industry, 2000, 11(3): 151-160.
[16] Riehard Engelbrecht Wiggans. Optimal constrained bidding [J]. International Journal of Theory, 1984, 16(2): 45-47.
[17] Miligrom, Weber R.J.. A theory of auctions and competitive bidding [J]. Econometrica, 1982, 50(5): 1089-1122.
[18] Rece D.L.. Competitive bidding for offshore petroleum leases [J]. Bell J. Economy, 1978, 9(2): 369-384.
[19] Richard. The effect of regret on optimal biding in auctions [J]. Management Science, 1989, 35(6): 685-692.
[20]全国造价工程师职业资格考试培训教材编审委员会.工程造价计价与控制[M].北京:中国计划出版社, 2009.
[21]周亚,吴斌,李克强.招投标流程的优化设计[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 44(1): 106-110.
[22]苏记.基于供应链的国际采购流程优化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2008.
[23]孙宗虎,任平均.项目管理流程设计与工作标准[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007.
[24]王玉荣,彭辉.流程管理[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[25]李佳欣.工程项目招标风险研究[D].北京:北京邮电大学, 2007.
[26]姜宏梁.建筑项目施工招投标及量化管理[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2008.
[27]李远.农业综合开发项目招投标研究[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2003.
[28]全国招标师职业水平考试辅导教材指导委员会.项目管理与招标采购[M].北京:中国计划出版社, 2009.
[29]王平,李克坚.我国建设工程项目投标存在问题的解决对策[J].北京建筑工程学院学报, 2008, 24(1): 65-67.
[30]王平,李克坚.建设工程项目招标活动中存在问题的对策探讨[J].北京建筑工程学院学报, 2007, 23(2): 78-80.
[31]刘平均.建设工程招标投标中存在的问题及对策[J].山西建筑, 2008, 34(19): 258-259.
[32]国家发展与改革委员会,固定资产投资司,中国机电设备招标中心.场招标投标实务[M].北京:中国经济出版社, 2004.
[33]石晓艳.国内建筑工程招投标现状分析[J].山西建筑, 2009, 35(12): 250-252.
[34]黄旭萍.工程建设招投标存在的问题和对策探讨[J].山西建筑, 2009, 35(10): 269-271.
[35]邓立平,夏兴武.建设工程招投标过程中存在的问题及对策研究[J].山西建筑, 2008, 34(33): 372-274.
[36]朱琳.我国招标投标存在的问题与优化措施[J].企业管理纵横, 2005, 8(7): 25-27.
[37]傅纯,李佳山.规范建设工程招投标市场的几点体会[J].山西建筑, 2007, 33(1): 337-238.
[38]罗蜀榕.回归本位完善体制—关于工程招投标问题的几个建议[J].中国建设, 2005, 7(11):12-15.
[39]曹于春.招标问题与对策研究[J].中国招标, 2006, 5(2): 19-21.
[40]樊燕燕,刘振奎,赵延龙.模糊综合评判法在建设工程评标中的应用[J].基建优化, 2003, 24(4): 7-8.
[41]汪健斌.应用层次分析法进行水电工程项目招标评审[J].湖北水力发电, 2005, 59(2): 7-10.
[42]俞漪,凌云. AHP与ANP应用于供应商选择方案评估之比较[J].物流技术, 2005(7): 51-53.
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