两种拟隐脉叶蝉及其天敌的初步研究
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摘要
拟隐脉叶蝉原分布于东南亚及我国南方，近年传入美国并在夏威夷等地爆发
成灾。为了从拟隐脉叶蝉的原产地寻找有效天敌，以便在传入地开展生物防治，
我们近年在福建省福州市对淡色拟隐脉叶蝉和叉线拟隐脉叶蝉的种群动态、生物
学特性及其天敌进行了初步调查。结果获知：淡色拟隐脉叶蝉和叉线拟隐脉叶蝉
年可发生3～4代，若虫5龄，世代重叠，没有明显的越冬现象。在福州，淡色拟
隐脉叶蝉的寄主有番石榴、大豆、花生、甘薯和扁豆，罩养条件下，其也能在相
思树上取食产卵，夏秋时节，甘薯上取食为害的数量多于其它寄主；叉线拟隐脉
叶蝉的寄主包括相思树、番石榴、甘薯、花生和扁豆。8～10月份，淡色拟隐脉
叶蝉卵期平均为19.2天，叉线拟隐脉叶蝉平均为21.8天。它们的天敌已知有14
种，其中寄生性天敌11种，捕食性天敌3种。在10种卵寄生蜂中，毛翅缨小蜂
Chaetomymar sp.为优势种，占寄生蜂总数的57.6％。自然条件下，淡色拟隐脉叶
蝉卵寄生率平均为50.6％，9月份最高时可达91.4％。不同植物、不同生境条件
下寄生蜂种类、数量及寄生率都有差异。
Sophonia leaihoppers originally distributed in Southeast Asia and southern
China. They were inadvertently introduced to Hawaii in recent years and have caused
severe damage to many agricultural crops as well as endemic plants. In order to find
out the effective natural enemies in their native regions for biological control, the
exploration and investigation of their natural enemies were conducted in Fuzhou from
1998. Studies on the population dynamics of Sophonia pal/ida (Melichar) on guava and
Sophoniafurcilinea (kuoh et kuoh) on Acacia confusa in Fuzhou indicated that the 2
kinds of Sophonia leafhoppers occurred 3? generations per year. They keep
developing without distinct overwintering and have overlapping generations. Nymphs
occur 5 instars. In Fuzhou, the plant hosts of S. pal/ida included guava, soybean,
peanut, sweet potato and hyacinth bean. When caged on the shoots of Acacia confusa,
S. pallida could also feed and oviposit on them. In guava orchard, S. pallida would like
to feed on sweet potato more than on other plant hosts in summer and fall. The plant
hosts of S. furcilinea included Acacia confusa , guava, peanut, sweet potato and
hyacinth bean. During August to October, the egg's mean development duration of S.
pa//ida and S. furcilinea was 19.2 and 21 .8 days respectively. Three kinds of predators
and eleven kinds of parasites have been found in Fuzhou. Among the 10 kinds of egg-
parasitoids, Chaetomytnar sp. (Mymaridae) is the most abundant species which
occupies 57.6% in the total parasites population. The egg percent parasitism in natural
orchards is 50.6% in average, with a peak parasitism in September reaching up to
91 .4%. The parasitoid guild and percent parasitism varied depending on plant and on
habitat.
成灾。为了从拟隐脉叶蝉的原产地寻找有效天敌，以便在传入地开展生物防治，
我们近年在福建省福州市对淡色拟隐脉叶蝉和叉线拟隐脉叶蝉的种群动态、生物
学特性及其天敌进行了初步调查。结果获知：淡色拟隐脉叶蝉和叉线拟隐脉叶蝉
年可发生3～4代，若虫5龄，世代重叠，没有明显的越冬现象。在福州，淡色拟
隐脉叶蝉的寄主有番石榴、大豆、花生、甘薯和扁豆，罩养条件下，其也能在相
思树上取食产卵，夏秋时节，甘薯上取食为害的数量多于其它寄主；叉线拟隐脉
叶蝉的寄主包括相思树、番石榴、甘薯、花生和扁豆。8～10月份，淡色拟隐脉
叶蝉卵期平均为19.2天，叉线拟隐脉叶蝉平均为21.8天。它们的天敌已知有14
种，其中寄生性天敌11种，捕食性天敌3种。在10种卵寄生蜂中，毛翅缨小蜂
Chaetomymar sp.为优势种，占寄生蜂总数的57.6％。自然条件下，淡色拟隐脉叶
蝉卵寄生率平均为50.6％，9月份最高时可达91.4％。不同植物、不同生境条件
下寄生蜂种类、数量及寄生率都有差异。
Sophonia leaihoppers originally distributed in Southeast Asia and southern
China. They were inadvertently introduced to Hawaii in recent years and have caused
severe damage to many agricultural crops as well as endemic plants. In order to find
out the effective natural enemies in their native regions for biological control, the
exploration and investigation of their natural enemies were conducted in Fuzhou from
1998. Studies on the population dynamics of Sophonia pal/ida (Melichar) on guava and
Sophoniafurcilinea (kuoh et kuoh) on Acacia confusa in Fuzhou indicated that the 2
kinds of Sophonia leafhoppers occurred 3? generations per year. They keep
developing without distinct overwintering and have overlapping generations. Nymphs
occur 5 instars. In Fuzhou, the plant hosts of S. pal/ida included guava, soybean,
peanut, sweet potato and hyacinth bean. When caged on the shoots of Acacia confusa,
S. pallida could also feed and oviposit on them. In guava orchard, S. pallida would like
to feed on sweet potato more than on other plant hosts in summer and fall. The plant
hosts of S. furcilinea included Acacia confusa , guava, peanut, sweet potato and
hyacinth bean. During August to October, the egg's mean development duration of S.
pa//ida and S. furcilinea was 19.2 and 21 .8 days respectively. Three kinds of predators
and eleven kinds of parasites have been found in Fuzhou. Among the 10 kinds of egg-
parasitoids, Chaetomytnar sp. (Mymaridae) is the most abundant species which
occupies 57.6% in the total parasites population. The egg percent parasitism in natural
orchards is 50.6% in average, with a peak parasitism in September reaching up to
91 .4%. The parasitoid guild and percent parasitism varied depending on plant and on
habitat.
引文
[1] 李子忠，陈祥盛．中国隐脉叶蝉(同翅目：叶蝉科)[M]．贵阳：贵州科技出 版社，1999． 15，28-29，39-40．
[2] HEUR, B KUMASHIRO. Notes and exhibition[J]. Proce Hawaii Entomol Soc, 1989, 29: 16-17．
[3] GARRISON R W. New agricultural pest for southern California: two spotted leafhopper (Sophonia rufofascia) [J]. California Plant Pest & Disease Report, 1996, 15(1-2) : 6-7．
[4] FUKADA M. Distribution, host range and seasonal abundance of the two spotted leafhopper, Sophonia rufofascia (Kuoh & Kuoh) in Hawaii[D]. Hawaii: University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1996． 68．
[5] JONES V P, P A FOLLETT, R H MESSING, WBBORTH, D E ULLMAN, J S HU. Effect of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera:Cicadellidae) on guava production in Hawaii[J]. J Econ Entomol, 1998, 91(3) June: 693-698．
[6] DUAN JIAN J, RUSSELL H MESSING. Bionomics of Sophonia rufofascia: mating, oviposition, and development of Sophonia rufofascia ( Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Hawaii. 2000． (in press).
[7] FOLLETT P A, V P JONES. Invasion Ecology of the two spotted leafhopper (Sophonia rufofascia) [J]. College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources 1997 Extension Forum, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1997． 32．
[8] YANG P J, PAFOLLETT, V P JONES, D FOOTE. Oviposition behavior and egg parasitoids of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park[J]. Proc Hawaii Entomol Soc, 2000． (in press).
[9] ANDREI V ALYOKHIN, YANG PINGJUN, RUSSEL H MESSING. Distribution and parasitism of two-spotted leafhopper eggs (Homoptera:Cicadellidae) in Hawaii. 2001． (in press).
[10] JOHNSON M T, P J YANG, J T HUBER, V P JONES. Egg parasitoids of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera:Cicadellidae) in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park[J]. Biol Control, 2000． (in press).
[11] SWEZEY O H. Biological control of the sugarcane leafhopper in Hawaii[J]. Bull Exp Station of Haw Sugar Planters' Association, 1936, 21:57-101．
[12] VAN DRIESCHE R, T BELLOWS. Pest origins, pesticides, and the history of biological control. In: Van Driesche R and T Bellows(Eds). Biological Control [M]. Champman & Hall, New York, 1996． 3-20．
[13] 方雄熙．福建拟隐脉叶蝉的种类及其天敌的调查[D]．福州：福建农业大学， 1999． 8．
[2] HEUR, B KUMASHIRO. Notes and exhibition[J]. Proce Hawaii Entomol Soc, 1989, 29: 16-17．
[3] GARRISON R W. New agricultural pest for southern California: two spotted leafhopper (Sophonia rufofascia) [J]. California Plant Pest & Disease Report, 1996, 15(1-2) : 6-7．
[4] FUKADA M. Distribution, host range and seasonal abundance of the two spotted leafhopper, Sophonia rufofascia (Kuoh & Kuoh) in Hawaii[D]. Hawaii: University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1996． 68．
[5] JONES V P, P A FOLLETT, R H MESSING, WBBORTH, D E ULLMAN, J S HU. Effect of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera:Cicadellidae) on guava production in Hawaii[J]. J Econ Entomol, 1998, 91(3) June: 693-698．
[6] DUAN JIAN J, RUSSELL H MESSING. Bionomics of Sophonia rufofascia: mating, oviposition, and development of Sophonia rufofascia ( Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Hawaii. 2000． (in press).
[7] FOLLETT P A, V P JONES. Invasion Ecology of the two spotted leafhopper (Sophonia rufofascia) [J]. College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources 1997 Extension Forum, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1997． 32．
[8] YANG P J, PAFOLLETT, V P JONES, D FOOTE. Oviposition behavior and egg parasitoids of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park[J]. Proc Hawaii Entomol Soc, 2000． (in press).
[9] ANDREI V ALYOKHIN, YANG PINGJUN, RUSSEL H MESSING. Distribution and parasitism of two-spotted leafhopper eggs (Homoptera:Cicadellidae) in Hawaii. 2001． (in press).
[10] JOHNSON M T, P J YANG, J T HUBER, V P JONES. Egg parasitoids of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera:Cicadellidae) in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park[J]. Biol Control, 2000． (in press).
[11] SWEZEY O H. Biological control of the sugarcane leafhopper in Hawaii[J]. Bull Exp Station of Haw Sugar Planters' Association, 1936, 21:57-101．
[12] VAN DRIESCHE R, T BELLOWS. Pest origins, pesticides, and the history of biological control. In: Van Driesche R and T Bellows(Eds). Biological Control [M]. Champman & Hall, New York, 1996． 3-20．
[13] 方雄熙．福建拟隐脉叶蝉的种类及其天敌的调查[D]．福州：福建农业大学， 1999． 8．