社会资本、资源整合能力与新创企业绩效之间关系的研究
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摘要
改革开发30年,中国经济实现突破性的发展,其中民营经济的作用是不可忽视的。现在国家为了实现经济更快、更好发展,倡导全民创业,以解决就业和提高收入。但纵观国内外,创业成功的概率是比较低的。新创企业由于发展历史短,外缺资源,内缺经验,发展困难重重。在此情况下仍有创业者能够取得成功,收获巨大财富。
学者们对此进行了大量研究,这些研究的侧重点各不相同,有的强调创业的外部环境,有的强调创业者自身素质的原因。事情的发展是内外部共同作用的结果,因此我们在强调外部环境的影响时,更应注重创业者自身经营管理的能力,实现外部资源的有效转化,才能真正促进创业成功,提高创业绩效。本研究将社会资本视作新创企业重要的外部资源,资源整合能力是社会资本在新创企业发挥作用的重要的中介,构建了社会资本——资源整合能力——新创企业绩效的理论模型,探析创业成功的奥秘。
本篇论文在阅读大量的文献的基础上,通过对江苏省新创企业创业者的问卷调查,了解创业者的外部资源和内部能力的情况,构建了社会资本、资源整合能力与新创企业绩效的理论模型,探究创业者社会资本转化为创业绩效的情况和路径,以及资源整合能力在二者转化中的作用。在运用SPSS16.0统计软件对调研情况进行实证分析,证明了社会资本整体对资源整合能力、新创企业绩效的正向显著影响,以及资源整合能力在社会资本与新创企业绩效之间的关系上起到部分中介作用。但社会资本的各个变量和资源整合的各个变量并没有全部发挥作用,这就为创业者构建自身社会网络和提高自身能力上提供了理论依据,同时也对政府制定促进创业的方针政策提供理论支持。
It has been more than 30 years since reform and development, China’s economy has achieved a breakthrough, to which Private Economy has made a great contribution. Now the nation advocates entrepreneurship to achieve better, faster development in economy. However, venture business is lack of important national policy to support its’development and management experience in itself, which maybe the reason for the low rate of the success for the entrepreneurship. Under this context, this paper wants to give some theory support for the new venture business’development.
The new venture should make use of all kinds of social capital to get the resource for the development, which can make up the restriction of internal resource and the shortage of the manage experience, in order to improve the performance of itself. This paper considers the existing research results of domestic and foreign entrepreneur field, and then thinks social capital is the very important approach to get many kinds of resources for the new venture business, at the same time, this way can have good effect only under the function of the resource integration. Therefore, this paper constructs the theory mode of the Social capital—Resource integration—Performance of the new venture business.
At first, under the research of extensive literature, this paper makes literature review for the social capital, resource integration and new venture business’s performance. Secondly, the paper divide dimensions for this three elements and construct the mode of the social capital—resource integration—new venture business’s performance. Thirdly, based on the theoretical analysis, this paper knows the clear logical relationship between elements, and then puts forward 19 hypothesis, makes use of the SPSS16.0 to do the empirical analysis of the data of the received 103 valid questionnaires. The result of the empirical analysis is that 9 hypothesis is right, 9 hypothesis has not been verified, the last one gets partial support. In the other word, social capital really has great influence on the resource integration and the performance of the new venture business, but not every element make great role in it, at the same time, the intermediary role of the resource integration has just been verified partially. At last, this paper discusses the results of the analysis, clarifies its significance of theory and practice, and proposes the future space of expansion.
学者们对此进行了大量研究,这些研究的侧重点各不相同,有的强调创业的外部环境,有的强调创业者自身素质的原因。事情的发展是内外部共同作用的结果,因此我们在强调外部环境的影响时,更应注重创业者自身经营管理的能力,实现外部资源的有效转化,才能真正促进创业成功,提高创业绩效。本研究将社会资本视作新创企业重要的外部资源,资源整合能力是社会资本在新创企业发挥作用的重要的中介,构建了社会资本——资源整合能力——新创企业绩效的理论模型,探析创业成功的奥秘。
本篇论文在阅读大量的文献的基础上,通过对江苏省新创企业创业者的问卷调查,了解创业者的外部资源和内部能力的情况,构建了社会资本、资源整合能力与新创企业绩效的理论模型,探究创业者社会资本转化为创业绩效的情况和路径,以及资源整合能力在二者转化中的作用。在运用SPSS16.0统计软件对调研情况进行实证分析,证明了社会资本整体对资源整合能力、新创企业绩效的正向显著影响,以及资源整合能力在社会资本与新创企业绩效之间的关系上起到部分中介作用。但社会资本的各个变量和资源整合的各个变量并没有全部发挥作用,这就为创业者构建自身社会网络和提高自身能力上提供了理论依据,同时也对政府制定促进创业的方针政策提供理论支持。
It has been more than 30 years since reform and development, China’s economy has achieved a breakthrough, to which Private Economy has made a great contribution. Now the nation advocates entrepreneurship to achieve better, faster development in economy. However, venture business is lack of important national policy to support its’development and management experience in itself, which maybe the reason for the low rate of the success for the entrepreneurship. Under this context, this paper wants to give some theory support for the new venture business’development.
The new venture should make use of all kinds of social capital to get the resource for the development, which can make up the restriction of internal resource and the shortage of the manage experience, in order to improve the performance of itself. This paper considers the existing research results of domestic and foreign entrepreneur field, and then thinks social capital is the very important approach to get many kinds of resources for the new venture business, at the same time, this way can have good effect only under the function of the resource integration. Therefore, this paper constructs the theory mode of the Social capital—Resource integration—Performance of the new venture business.
At first, under the research of extensive literature, this paper makes literature review for the social capital, resource integration and new venture business’s performance. Secondly, the paper divide dimensions for this three elements and construct the mode of the social capital—resource integration—new venture business’s performance. Thirdly, based on the theoretical analysis, this paper knows the clear logical relationship between elements, and then puts forward 19 hypothesis, makes use of the SPSS16.0 to do the empirical analysis of the data of the received 103 valid questionnaires. The result of the empirical analysis is that 9 hypothesis is right, 9 hypothesis has not been verified, the last one gets partial support. In the other word, social capital really has great influence on the resource integration and the performance of the new venture business, but not every element make great role in it, at the same time, the intermediary role of the resource integration has just been verified partially. At last, this paper discusses the results of the analysis, clarifies its significance of theory and practice, and proposes the future space of expansion.
引文
1王晓文,张玉利,李凯.创业资源整合的战略选择和实现手段——基于租金创造机制视角[J].经济管理,2009年第01期,61-66.
2王晓文,张玉利,李凯.创业资源整合的战略选择和实现手段——基于租金创造机制视角[J].经济管理,2009年第01期,61-66.
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2王晓文,张玉利,李凯.创业资源整合的战略选择和实现手段——基于租金创造机制视角[J].经济管理,2009年第01期,61-66.
3边燕杰,张磊.网络脱生:创业过程的社会学分析[J].社会学研究,2006(6).
4朱仁宏,傅惠,代吉林.社会资本、机会开发与新创企业绩效[M].北京:经济科学出版社.
5朱仁宏,傅惠,代吉林.社会资本、机会开发与新创企业绩效[M].北京:经济科学出版社.
6 Burt.R.S.Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition[J].Harvard Univ. Press,1992,233-257.
7耿新.企业家社会资本对新创企业绩效影响研究[D].山东:山东大学, 2008.
8耿新.企业家社会资本对新创企业绩效影响研究[D].山东:山东大学,2008.
9 Aldrich.H, Rosen.B, Woodeward.W.The impact of social networks on business foundings and profit: a longitudinal study[J].Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research,1987,154-168.
10蔡莉,柳青.新创企业资源整合过程模型[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(2).
11石秀印.中国企业家成功饿社会网络基础[J].管理世界,1998(6).
12饶扬德.企业资源整合过程与能力分析[J].工业技术经济,2006年第9期,72-74.
13崔启国.基于网络视角的创业环境对新创企业绩效的影响研究[D].吉林:吉林大学, 2007.
14秦志华,刘艳萍.商业创意与创业者资源整合能力拓展[J].管理世界(增刊),2009年,75-83.
15朱仁宏,傅惠,代吉林.社会资本、机会开发与新创企业绩效[M].北京:经济科学出版社.
16耿新.企业家社会资本对新创企业绩效影响研究[D].山东:山东大学,2008.
17边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效[J].中国社会科学,2000(2).
18朱仁宏,傅惠,代吉林.社会资本、机会开发与新创企业绩效[M].北京:经济科学出版社:53-54.
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