ZJ50LDB石油钻机天车设计
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摘要
随着钻井技术的快速发展,对钻井设备的先进性、可靠性以及经济实用性的要求越来越高。老式钻机由于结构复杂,性能落后,难以满足钻井新技术、新工艺的需要,因此开发一种新型石油钻机替代老式钻机势在必行。ZJ50/3150LDB钻机是根据市场的需要和用户的要求研制的一种新型机电混合驱动的石油钻机。天车是钻机重要部件之一,是钻机主机提升系统的固定部分,它通过绞车和提升系统的游动部分一起来完成起下钻作业、处理事故作业以及正常钻进。美国石油学会的API Spec 4F“钻井和修井井架、底座规范”、8A和8C“钻井和采油提升设备规范”对其主要结构和零件有严格的设计要求,通过广泛查阅、检索国内外文献资料,严格依据API标准设计了天车的参数和结构。ZJ50LDB天车架采用自动焊接机焊制H型钢,零件选用了Q345-B、40CrNiMoA和35CrMoA等新材料,大大的提高了天车的稳定性和刚度。滑轮采用了新型的环锻工艺,保证了滑轮的制造质量,设计了防碰、防护和防坠落等新结构,更好的满足了HSE要求。并对天车轴、滑轮、天车架进行了力学计算,ANSYS有限元分析计算,得出新型的ZJ50LDB天车的各项指标完全满足设计要求。
With the rapid development of drilling technology, the demand for much advanced, reliable and economically applicable drilling equipment becomes more and more stronger. The complexity in structure and un-satisfying properties make old drilling rigs hard to meet the demand of new drilling technology and process. So it is utterly necessary for the industry to find a new type of oil drilling rig to replace the old ones. ZJ50/ 3150LDB, a new type of electromechanical combination driven oil drilling rig, is developed based on solid market survey and users’demand. Crown block, an integral component of the hoisting system, is one of the most critical parts of the rig. Trip in or out of the hole, well-site failure handling and normal penetration can be conducted by combining it with drawworks and traveling blocks of the hoisting system. Strict requirements can be found in API Spec 4F“Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures”, 8A and 8C“Specification for Drilling and Production Hoisting Equipment”in term of designing main structure and parts of this critical component. The parameters and configuration of the crown block described in this article are made in accordance of relative API standards and are the results of extensive perusing and search of documents published at home and abroad. The crown block has its reliability and rigidity greatly improved by adopting I-beam weldment for its platform and new materials such as Q345-B, 40CrNiMoA and 35CrMoA for its parts. I-beam weldment quality can be guaranteed by automated welding machine. New ring forging process is used for crown sheaves with secured milling quality and new structures like crown-o-matic, anti-falling device and crown protection add more safety factors to better meet HSE requirements. Shafts, sheaves and platform of the crown blocks are all go through computation on mechanics and by ANSYS finite element analysis. The results prove that this new type of AJ50LDB crown block can fully meet design requirements.
With the rapid development of drilling technology, the demand for much advanced, reliable and economically applicable drilling equipment becomes more and more stronger. The complexity in structure and un-satisfying properties make old drilling rigs hard to meet the demand of new drilling technology and process. So it is utterly necessary for the industry to find a new type of oil drilling rig to replace the old ones. ZJ50/ 3150LDB, a new type of electromechanical combination driven oil drilling rig, is developed based on solid market survey and users’demand. Crown block, an integral component of the hoisting system, is one of the most critical parts of the rig. Trip in or out of the hole, well-site failure handling and normal penetration can be conducted by combining it with drawworks and traveling blocks of the hoisting system. Strict requirements can be found in API Spec 4F“Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures”, 8A and 8C“Specification for Drilling and Production Hoisting Equipment”in term of designing main structure and parts of this critical component. The parameters and configuration of the crown block described in this article are made in accordance of relative API standards and are the results of extensive perusing and search of documents published at home and abroad. The crown block has its reliability and rigidity greatly improved by adopting I-beam weldment for its platform and new materials such as Q345-B, 40CrNiMoA and 35CrMoA for its parts. I-beam weldment quality can be guaranteed by automated welding machine. New ring forging process is used for crown sheaves with secured milling quality and new structures like crown-o-matic, anti-falling device and crown protection add more safety factors to better meet HSE requirements. Shafts, sheaves and platform of the crown blocks are all go through computation on mechanics and by ANSYS finite element analysis. The results prove that this new type of AJ50LDB crown block can fully meet design requirements.
引文
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[33] Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination. ASTM E709-2001
[34] ASME《锅炉及压力容器规范V无损检测》无损检测中国石化出版社.2006
[2]廖谟圣,曹丽平.我国海洋石油工业的进展及与国外差距和建议.石油矿场机械. 2005, 34(2 );13-18
[3]王进全.关于我国石油钻机技术的现状及其研发思考石油机械2006年, 34 (1): 7-11
[4]苗建军,苏斯群.理想钻机的设计与设计理念.石油矿场机械,2005,34(5):16-18. 2003.
[5]世界石油钻机制造业发展动态.船舶论坛,2007-8-14.
[6] API Spec Q1.SPECTIFICATION FOR QUALITY PROGRAMS FOR THE PETROLEUM ,PETROCHEMICAL AND NUTURAL GAS INDUSTRY.2003,6
[7] American Petroleum Institute. Specification for Drilling Well Servicing Structures. API Spec 4F-1997(R 2001) API PUBLISHING SERVICES,1220 l STREET,N.W,WASHINGTON,D.C.
[8] American Petroleum Institute. Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Equipment. ANSI/API Spec 7K-2005
[9] American Petroleum Institute. Specification for Drilling and Production Hositing Equipment.API Spec 8C-2005(RA2001)
[10] American Petroleum Institute. Specification for Drilling and Production Hositing Equipment.API Spec 8A-2005(RA2001)
[11] American Petroleum Institute. Specification for Wire Rope. ANSI/API Spec 9A-2005
[12]AWS D1.1/D1.1M-2006,20. Structual Welding Code-Steel.An American National Standard.
[13] AISC_Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings. ANSI/AISC 341-2005.
[14]中华人民共和国石油工业部.SY/T5609-2005 .石油钻机形式与基本参数.北京中国标准出版, 2005-05
[15]中华人民共和国石油工业部.SY5304-2005.石油钻采机械产品用锻件通用技术条件.北京:中国标准出版, 2005-05
[16]中华人民共和国石油工业部.SY5305-2005.石油钻采机械产品用焊接件通用技术条件.北京:中国标准出版, 2005.05
[17]中华人民共和国石油工业部.SY5307-2005.石油钻采机械产品用装配通用技术条件.北京:中国标准出版, 2005.05
[18]中华人民共和国石油工业部.SY5308-2005.石油钻采机械产品用涂漆通用技术条件.北京:中国标准出版, 2005.05
[19]中华人民共和国石油工业部.SY5309-2005.石油钻采机械产品用包装通用技术条件.北京:中国标准出版, 2005.05
[20]中华人民共和国石油工业部SY/T6276-2005 ISO/CD14690 .石油天然气工业、健康、安全与环境管理体系.北京:中国标准出版, 2005-05
[21]华东石油学院矿机教研室编.石油钻采机械.上册.北京:石油工业出版社,1980. 1-352.
[22]蒋平编著.工程力学基础(Ⅰ).北京:高等教育出版社,2003.141-155、291-359.
[23]杨可桢,程光蕴主编.机械设计基础.第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,1991.207-308.
[24]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册新版.1.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.8,3.
[25]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册新版.2.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.8,3.
[26]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册新版.3.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.8,3.
[27]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册新版.4.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.8,3.
[28]李继志陈荣振编著.石油钻采设备及工艺概论山东:石油大学出版社,1992.
[29]全宏工作室.Solidworks2000使用入门.1.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[30]陈桂铨,郭智勇.Solidworks2000实作与应用. 1.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[31]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS. 1.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[32]叶先磊,史亚杰.ANSYS工程分析软件应用实例.1.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[33] Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination. ASTM E709-2001
[34] ASME《锅炉及压力容器规范V无损检测》无损检测中国石化出版社.2006