中国铁矿石资源供应安全研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
铁矿石资源在国民经济中的战略重要性,不仅仅是决定于铁矿石开发利用所创造的经济价值与社会价值,更重要的是决定于铁矿石资源的安全保障与供应能否满足钢铁产业和钢铁下游用钢产业的需要,以及对钢铁和钢铁下游产业的安全保障性、经济性和可持续性。
     论文研究从铁矿石资源的特性和战略重要性入手,提出了中国铁矿石资源供应安全的理论框架和主要内涵,并从铁矿石资源供应与钢铁产业需求之间的平衡状态变化和经济性两方面进行了经济学解释,揭示了中国铁矿石资源供应安全的PSR机理,为建立中国铁矿石资源安全评价体系、系统评价安全状况以及制定相应的战略和措施奠定了理论基础。
     本论文系统地分析了国内外铁矿石资源分布和开发状况,以及相关的开发政策和发展趋势,采用Verhulst模型对未来五年中国的钢铁产量以及对铁矿石和废钢等二次资源的需求进行了预测;在此基础上,提出了影响中国铁矿石资源供应安全的国内铁矿石资源、海外铁矿石资源、海外投资权益铁矿石、铁矿石替代资源和国家铁矿石战略储备等五个方面三个层次33个影响因素的资源供应安全结构、安全评价体系模型和评价方法,并根据笔者构建的评价数学模型,对2005-2009年中国铁矿石资源供应安全状况进行了实证性的评价分析,应证了五年期间我国铁矿石资源供应不安全程度不断加剧,不安全程度上升了26.3%;在影响粗钢成本上升的铁矿石资源结构因素中,国际铁矿石价格上涨是其中最主要的影响因素;在铁矿石资源供应的五个方面中,影响最大的是进口贸易铁矿石的数量和价格因素;中国粗钢消耗的铁矿石资源成本比值ε的平均值为40%,结合钢铁产业实际经营情况,可以确定ε值的安全区间为:ε≤40%为安全状态,ε>40%为不安全状态。
     在此基础上,本研究系统地提出了保障中国铁矿石资源供应安全的六大战略,即:国内铁矿石资源开发战略、海外铁矿石资源开发战略、铁矿石替代资源开发战略、国家铁矿石资源储备战略和铁矿石物流发展战略,以及相应的战略目标和战略措施。
     本研究对当前和未来中国铁矿石资源供应的基本态势进行了判断,提出了保障中国铁矿石资源供应安全的国内铁矿石资源开发、国外铁矿石资源开发、应对国际铁矿石资源垄断化、金融化趋势、二次铁资源开发与利用、国际铁矿石资源储备、铁矿石资源高效利用与节能环保技术、建立完善铁矿石技术标准等八个方面的政策建议。部分建议随着本研究的进行正在被国家有关部委所采纳,进一步体现出此项研究的理论和实践价值。
     作为专项矿产资源的供应安全研究的本课题对于研究我国其它矿产资源供应安全的理论问题,制定相关的战略和政策措施也具有较强借鉴意义。
The strategic importance of iron ore resources in national economy not only depends on the social value and economic value created by the iron ore exploitation, but also depends on whether the requirement of the security and supply of iron ore resources could meet the requirements of the steel industry and steel downstream industry, and safety ensuring, economy and sustainability of steel and steel downstream industry.
     This dissertation presents theoretical frame and main connotation of China's iron ore resources supply based on the features and strategic importance of iron ore resources, and makes an economy explanation of equilibrium state changes and economy f between iron ore resources supply and steel industry requirement. It reveals the PSR mechanism of China's iron ore resources supply security, builds up a safety evaluation system and system evaluation safety condition for China's iron ore resources, and establishes corresponding strategy and measures which lays the rationale.
     In the research of this dissertation it systematically analyzes the distribution of the domestic and foreign iron ore resources, the development situation and the related development policies and development trend and predicts the China's steel output and the second resource demand of the iron ore and scrap steel in the next five years adopted the Verhulst model:on this basis, it put forward the resource supply security structure, the safety evaluation model and the evaluation method including five aspects, three levels,33influencing factors, such as domestic iron ore resources, foreign iron ore resources, foreign investment interests about iron ore and alternative resources of iron ore and national iron ore strategic reserves which affect China's iron ore resources supply security; using the evaluation mathematic model constructed by the author, it makes an empirical evaluation analysis for the situation of China's iron ore resources supply security from2005to2009and was verified that the unsafe levels of iron ore resources supply of our country was increasing and rose26.3%in five-year period. In the iron ore resource structure's factor of effected the crude steel cost raised, the price raised of the international iron ore is the main affected factor. In five aspects of the iron ore resources supply, the factors of the number and price of imported trade iron ore have great influence. The cost ratio's average of the iron ore resource of China's crude steel consumption is40percent; combined with the actual operation situation of steel industries, it can be ensured that the safe interval isε≤40%and the unsafe interval isε>40%.
     On this basis, the research system presents six strategies to guarantee China's iron ore resources supply security, such as domestic iron ore resources development strategy, overseas iron ore resources development strategy, iron ore alternative resources development strategy, national iron ore resources reserve strategy, iron ore logistics development strategy and corresponding strategic goals and strategic actions
     It conducts a judgment on the basic current and future situation of China's iron ore resources supply in this study, and puts forward the policy recommendations in eight aspects such as development of domestic iron ore resource under the safeguard of China's iron ore resources supply security, development of foreign iron ore resources, the treat with monopoly in international iron ore resource, financial trends, development and utilization with the second iron resources, storage of international iron ore resources, technology in efficient utilization energy-saving and environmental protection, the establishing and perfecting in technical standards of iron ore etc., some suggests are being adopted by the national ministries and commissions related with the progression of this study, and shows further the theoretical and practical value of the study.
     As a special subject in mineral resources supply security, it also has strong reference value to the research of the theory problems in other mineral resources supply security, and the establishment of the relevant strategic and policy measures.
引文
[1]U.S. Geological Survey2009;
    [2]葛振华.依靠科学技术,提高矿产资源供给能力 资源网2009年;
    [3]《中国钢铁工业统计年报》,中国钢铁工业协会2009年;
    [4]《矿产资源与国家安全》中国国土资源经济研究院、国土资源部信息中心2000年出版;
    [5]胡小平.经济全球化中的国家资源安全问题与对策,《中国矿业》,2003年第6期;
    [6]孙传尧.中国金属矿产资源现状及综合利用概况《中国矿业》2007年第1期;
    [7]《国土资源综合统计年报》国土资源部信息中心2007、2008年出版;
    [8]叶卉,张忠义,应海松.铁矿石资源的战略研究[M].北京冶金工业出版社1版2009年;
    [9]初良勇;谢新连.基于系统动力学的水上石油物流系统建模与仿真大连海事大学学报,Journal of Dalian Maritime University,2006年02期;
    [10]关凤峻.四矿问题资源.产业,Resources and Industries,2002年06期;
    [11]赵瑞荣,王青,徐小荷.世界铁矿石资源开发现状与中国铁矿石企业生存环境分析[J].资源科学,2000,(3);
    [12]李凯,代丽华,韩爽.运用生长曲线模型预测中国钢铁工业的峰值点[J].冶金经济与管理,2005(2):41-43;
    [13]王彦佳.中国钢铁行业产业生命周期及钢产量预测[J].预测,1994(5):16-19,47;
    [14]张群,张积林.基于数据重心理论进行钢材需求预测[J].钢铁,2004(12):76-78;
    [15]Paul Crompton, Future trends in Japanese steel consump-tion, Resources Policy,26 (2000), pp.103-114;
    [16]中国钢铁工业协会.钢材市场需求预测及钢铁工业发展战略的若干建议[J].中国钢铁,2003(1):5-11;
    [17]范力.国家实物储备调控机制分析[D].中国社会科学院研究生院,2002;
    [18]熊韶辉.论中国实现石油安全的贸易战略和策略[D].对外经济贸易大学,2007;
    [19]杨维新.国际能源环境下的中国能源安全[D].上海社会科学院,2006;
    [20]张华林,刘刚.层次分析法在石油安全评价中的应用[J].天然气工业.2006,26(4):]35-137;
    [21]张华林,刘刚.我国石油安全评价指标体系初探[J].国际石油经济.2005,13(5):44-47;
    [22]何贤杰,吴初国,刘增洁,盛吕明,胡小平.石油安全指标体系与综合评价[J].自然资源学报.2006,21(2):245-250;
    [23]白建华,胡国松.我国石油进口风险的评估指标研究[J].国土资源科技管理.2005,(2):46-50
    [24]张阿玲,王翠萍.用H方法分析我国的石油供应安全[J].中国软科学.2002;
    [25]邓光君.国家矿产资源安全理论与评价体系研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006;
    [26]牛建英,中国矿产资源安全评价指标初探矿床地质2006年增刊P859一860;
    [27]王海军,郭彤荔,薛亚洲,.关于我国铁矿石战略储备的思考[J].中国矿业,2007,(3);
    [28]刘继顺.应考虑建立铁矿石战略储备[J].国土资源导刊,2009,(7);
    [29]樊相如,王晓东“战略矿产资源保障方式研究”《中国矿业》2005年14(6);
    [30]姜在君.基于补偿检验理论的铁矿石储备规模探讨[J].中国市场,2007,(23);
    [31]]张涛,吕肖东.基于混合智能算法的战略储油基地选址问题[J].油气储运,2008(10);
    [32]初良勇.水上石油物流分拨中心选址模型及其遗传算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2007(12);
    [33]许晓光;李维英;建立战略石油储备保障国家能源安全国际石油经济,International Petroleum Economics,2003(04);
    [34]朱根民;国家石油储备基地运行管理评价体系构建探讨Modern Business,2010(12);
    [35]吴尚昆;李守义;孙英男;王洪德;矿产资源经济学基本理论的发展与展望 吉林大学学报(地球科学版),Journal of Jiling University (Earth Science Edition),2004年02期;
    [36]李东阳对外直接投资的实现途径及其选择.东北财经大学学报,2002(6.,53-55);
    [37]张新安.国外矿产资源储备历史及现状《国土资源情报》2002年第1期;
    [38]雷涯邻.实施跨国经营增强我国稀缺矿产资源的保障能力《中国矿业》2004(5);
    [39]蔡万春,王雄军.层次分析法在国际直接投资环境中的应用 华北科技学院学报,Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2004(03);
    [40]蒲含勇.矿业国际投资环境比较分析矿产保护与利用,Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,2000(05);
    [41]王创业,刘晓光.我国铁矿石资源进口优化配置研究[J]资源与产业,2007,(06);
    [42]张娟,刘慧芳.中国加大投资澳大利亚铁矿石资源分析[J].当代经济,2008,(11);
    [43]孙少勤,.我国投资澳大利亚铁矿石资源的现状、主要问题与应对策略[J].市场周刊(理论研究),2008,(11);
    [44]李金发.矿产资源战略评价体系研究,博十学位论文,.武汉:中国地质大学,2004;
    [45]刘海滨,田宜平,毛小平.矿产资源权益价值及其评估模型.中国矿业,1999,8(6):30-32;
    [46]刘文生.矿业投资风险决策的贝叶斯网络方法.化工矿物与加工,2007(6):30-33;
    [47]刘国平,齐长恒.识别和控制投资海外矿业的风险.世界有色金属,2005(3):4-6;
    [48]候运炳,杨娟,杨华.基于模糊综合评价的铁矿石海外投资风险分析[J].中国矿业,2009,(2);
    [49]高华.铁矿石采购体系与联合投资对策研究[J].现代商贸工业,2008,(9);
    [50]赵一鸣.中国铁矿资源现状、保证程度和对策地质论评,2004,(04);
    [51]任巍、高帆、王殿茹:“矿产资源紧缺与我国矿产资源战略体系的构建”,《中国国土资源经济》,2005年第5期;
    [52]张吉军.论我国矿产资源经济安全《科技进步与对策》2005年第3期;
    [53]刘玉强.2005中国矿产开发及矿产品供需形势分析与建议.2005年3月;
    [54]孟旭光.关于国土资源经济安全若干问题的思考《地理学与国土研究》2000年第2期;
    [55]曹清华、曹献珍:“如何提高矿产资源保障能力”,《中国国土资源经济》,2005年12期;
    [56]张大超,汪甲云.矿产资源安全评价指标体系研究《地质技术经济管理》2003年第5期;
    [57]中国钢铁工业协会编,改革开放的冶金矿山行业支撑了钢铁工业的迅速发展.《中国钢铁工业改革开放30年》.北京冶金工业出版社2008年
    [58]焦玉书.自主创新跨越发展引领矿业未来《中国钢铁工业改革开放30年》.北京,冶金工业出版社2008年;
    [59]李新创,发展中的中国钢铁工业及铁矿发展战略《冶金管理》2008年第3期;
    [60]中国矿业联合会编2009年中国铁矿资源供需形势分析.2009年;
    [61]《中国的矿产资源政策》白皮书.2003.12.23国务院新闻办公室发表;
    [62]矿业专家:努力确保铁矿石自给率50%以上.联合金属网,2009年;
    [63]全国冶金矿山财务资料汇编(2008年度).中国价格协会冶金矿山行业价格研究会编;
    [64]王明宇.中国铁矿石资源勘探和整合形势调研 金属矿山.2008年第10期;
    [65]《钢铁工业产业政策》 国家发展与改革委员会颁发 2005年:
    [66]朱琳,邓瑶.中国矿产勘探规模已达130亿.国土部摸底海外探矿现状.2009;
    [67]冯建雄,吴建杰,罗凤兰等.河北矿产资源储量管理手册[M].北京:地质出版社.2007年;
    [68]全国冶金矿山财务资料汇编(2008年度).中国价格协会冶金矿山行业价格研究会编;
    [69]钢铁工业发展与铁矿石供需形势.中利联(投资)北京有限公司2008年;
    [70]李沛林.用战略眼光看待铁矿资源开发远景.《中国钢铁大趋势》经济日报出版2008年;
    [71]黄导.提高固废治理利用水平促进钢铁工业循环经济建设.中国废钢铁2009.2;
    [72]印万忠,李丽匣.尾矿的综合利用与尾矿库的管理.北京:冶金工业出版社.2009;
    [73]印万忠.金属矿选矿尾矿的综合利用与减排.金属矿山.2009年第5期;
    [74]工业尾矿综合利用2009-20]5年发展专项规划.工业和信息化部2009年;
    [75]李晓波.转变发展方式增强内生动力.第八届中国国际钢铁大会 2009.5;
    [76]闫启平、夏甜.低碳经济时期中国废钢铁产业发展前景——2009废钢铁市场运行态势分析.中国废钢铁2009-2;
    [77]陈甲斌:“资源进口战略负面影响分析与建议”,地质技术经济管理,2003年4期;
    [78]林平.我国矿产资源对外投资战略研究,中国地质大学(北京)博士论文,-2008-09-01;
    [79]李明.我国钢铁集团境外铁矿石资源投资研究,中国地质大学硕士论文,2008-05-01;
    [80]冯进城.中国金属矿产资源安全战略研究,中国地质大学博士论文,-2010-05-01;
    [81]王淑玲,马建明.世界主要发达国家及发展中国家矿业开发现状及政策概况《国土资源情报》-2004-09-05;
    [82]张文丰.我国境外铁矿资源投资对策研究,中国地质大学硕士论文,-2007-05-01;
    [83]马伟东.金属矿产资源安全与发展战略研究《中南大学博十论文》-2008-04-01;
    [84]陈勇,赵一飞,.打造我国外贸进口铁矿石的安全供应链[J].水运管理,2006,(1);
    [85]董文胜.900亿学费换铁矿石供应安全[J].《新远见》,2009,(2);
    [86]柳克勋.钢铁企业改革和管理的回顾与展望[J].冶金管理,2008(12):30-37;
    [87]邓光君.国家矿产资源安全的经济学思考《中国国土资源经济》-2009-01-15;
    [88]王威.2008年全球矿业政策概述《国士资源情报》-2009-02-20;
    [89]邓光君.国家矿产资源安全理论与评价体系研究,中国地质大学博士论文,-2006-05-01;
    [90]吴荣庆.加压,还是减压?《中国黄金报》-2009-10-13;
    [91]吴荣庆.国产铁矿尚有潜力《中国金属通报》-2009-08-24;
    [92]全国矿产资源规划中华人民共和国国土资源部-《中国国土资源报》-2001-06-27;
    [93]王高尚,韩梅.2002.中国重要矿产资源的需求预测[J].地球学报,23(6):483-490;
    [94]苏亚红;刘小燕.澳大利亚铁矿石资源现状及政策分析《国土资源情报》-2010-12-20;
    [95]方宗旺.澳大利亚铁矿开发现状及未来趋势分析.现代矿业[J].2009年1月第1期;
    [96]澳大利亚力拓公司、必和必拓公司英文年报.2007/2008;
    [97]方宗旺.巴西铁矿业现状与发展趋势.金属矿山[J].2009年第12期;
    [98]巴西淡水河谷公司英文年报.2008/2009;
    [99]王家枢.美国开发利用贫铁矿大幅降低铁矿石对外依存度《中国金属通报》2010-06-28;
    [100]胡俊鸽,周文涛,赵小燕.印度铁矿资源与投资环境概况.冶金信息导刊[J].2009.3;
    [101]郭艳玲.俄罗斯的钢铁工业用矿产资源现状.冶金信息导刊[J].2008.5;
    [102]昆巴铁矿石公司年报.2007/2008/;
    [103]非洲改变铁矿贸易版图.世界金属导报45期/46期,第4版;
    [104]世界铁协会网站IRION ORE MANUAL [M]. Japan:The TEX Report Ltd,2007/2008/ Iron Ore Outlook [M]. Australia:AME Mineral Economics, January-June 2008;
    [105]王文.国外矿产勘探实例分析及政策研究[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2007;
    [106]白益民.三井帝国在行动[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2008;
    [107]高芯蕊,王安建.2010.基于“S”规律的中国钢需求预测[J].地球学报,31(5):645-652;
    [108]王安建,下高尚,陈其慎.矿产资源需求理论与模型预洲[J].地球学报,31(2):137-147;
    [109]陈毓川:“建立我国战略性矿产资源储备制度和体系”,《国土资源》,2002年第1期;
    [110]董瀚.钢铁材料研发的技术进展[J].中国冶金,2008(10):1-7;
    [111]马歇尔著,朱志泰译.经济学原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005;
    [112]陆懋祖:高等时间序列经济计量学[M],上海人民出版社,第一版,1999;
    [113]邓聚龙:灰色理论基础[M],华中科技大学出版社,第一版,2002;
    [114]刘思峰等:灰色系统理论及其应用[M],科学出版社,第二版,1999;
    [115]张雷:矿产资源开发与国家工业化—矿产资源消费生命周期理论研究及意义[M],商务印书馆,北京,第1版,2004;
    [116]2005\2006年中国钢铁统计年报 中国钢铁工业协会2006.8;2007.8;
    [117]2007\2008年中国钢铁统计年报 中国钢铁工业协会2008.7;2009.7;
    [118]2009\2010年中国钢铁统计年报 中国钢铁工业协会2010.7;2011.3;
    [119]改善矿山生态环境建立环保型矿业《科技日报》-2001-06-26;
    [120]Asheim G.B.Sustainability:ethical foundations and economics perspectives.Policy;
    [121]Research Working Paper 1302,Washington D.C.World Bank,1994;
    [122]Atkinson, Getal.Measuring sustainable development, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar,1997;
    [123]Markandya and D.Peare,Environmental Considerations and the choice of the Discount Rate in Devil opting countries,Environment Department Working Paper No.3,the World Bank, May 1988;
    [124]Barbier.EB.The concept of sustainable development. Environment Conservation,1987;
    [125]Barns CR.Future challenge and trends in the geosciences in Canada.Geosciences Canada,1995;
    [126]Biswas.A.K.,Water for Sustainable Development in the 21st century,Address to 7th word Congress on Water Resources,Morocco, Water International,1991;
    [127]Bouchard D S.National geological surveys in the 21st century:Proceedings of the international conference of geological surveys.Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin,1994;
    [128]BrownL.R.We can build a sustainable economy.The Futurist,1996;
    [129]B.R.Beattie eat Can Prices Tame the Inflationary Tiger.Jour AWWA,1980;
    [130]Brookfield.H.C.Environmental Sustain ability With Development Extracts from a speech at EADI General conference,Development,1991,1.:
    [131]Center for International Economics. he Resource Assessment commission, Canberra,1989;
    [132]Corps of Engineers.Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project Supplemental DraftEnvironmental Impact Report/Statement Volume 1 Monterey Peninsula Water Management District.Aug,1991;
    [133]Daily GC.And P.R.Ehrilich.Socioeconomic equity,sustainability,and earth's carrying capacity.Ecological Application,1996;
    [134]Depletion and discounting:a classical issue in the Economics of exhaustible resource.Environmental and nocturnal resource Math 1985;
    [135]Declaration on Environment Resources for the Future,OECD and the Environment, OECD,Paris,1986;
    [136]Drwin C Hau Concept and measures of nature resource Scarcity With a Summery of recent trends.J.Environ Econ Manage 11.1984,4;
    [137]D.Southgate and D.Pearce,Agricultural Colonization and Environmental Degradation in rontier Developing Economics,Environment Department Working Paper No.9,the World Bank, October,1988;
    [138]Duke.K.M.dee,n.Environmental Quality Assessment in Multiobjective Planning Nov,1977.
    [139]Environment and Economics.Preliminary Copy of United Nations Economic and Social Council,Oslo,January,1990;
    [140]Forecasting Demand and Measuring Price Elasticity Journal American Water Works Association,1989;
    [141]Fisher,lrving,the Rte of Interest New York Macmillan,1907;
    [142]Ford,alfred W.Capsule of Civil Works Research and Development 1977-1986,Rept,Oct, 1986;
    [143]China iron & steel association.2009. China steel yearbook[M]. Beijing:China steel yearbook press;
    [144]LI Kai, DAI Li-hua, HAN Shuang.2005. Forecast on the peak pointof the Chinese steel industry based on Growth Curve Model[J].Economics and management, (2):41-43;
    [145]MA Li.2006. Analysis of consumption structure of Chinese steel products[J]. Metallurgical information review, (3):26-28;
    [146]WANG An-jian, WANG Gao-shang, ZHANG Jian-hua, ZHOUFeng-ying, HAN Shu-qin, CHEN Xuan-hua, YIN Xiu-lan,HAN Mei.2002. Mineral Resources and National EconomicDevelopment[M]. Earthquake Press-,
    [147]WANG Gao-shang, HAN Mei.2002. The Prediction of the Demandon Important Mineral Resources in China[J]. Acta GeoscienticaSinica,23(6):483-490.WB.2008. Agriculture, Industy, Service, etc, value added[EB/OL];
    [148]WEI Wei-qiang.2006. The reason of Japan's development and stagnationeconomy and its inspiration to that of China[J]. Aroundsoutheast Asia, (11):69-74.Worldsteel Association. 2009. Worldsteel statistics[R]. Brussels:Worldsteel Association;
    [149]XIE Cheng-xiang, LI Hou-min, WANG Rui-jiang, XIAO Ke-yan.2009. Analysis of the Quantity and Distribution of the TotaⅡdentified Iron Resources and Their Supply Capability[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(3):387-394;
    [150]XIE Shi-cheng.2007. Macroeconomic Situation and "EleventhFive-Year" steel demand analysis Recently[J]. Insight-Market,(3):28-33;
    [151]XU Xiang-chun, WANG Yu-gang.2007. Discussion about peakvalue of Chinese steel concumption[J]. Metallurgical informationreview, (1):4-10;
    [152]ZHANG Qun, ZHANG Ji-lin.2004. Steel forecasting based on DataBarycenter Theory[J]. Iron and steel, (12):76-78;
    [153]ZHAO Shan-di, ZHANG Ji-lin.2008. Analysis on the impactedfactors of the steel consumption based on Economy GrowingTheory[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Commerce, (5):115-117;
    [154]JIANG You-yi, YANG Yong-ge, LI Wei-bing.2007. Status of iroore resource exploitation in Anshan area and some suggestions[J]. Mining Engineering,5(2):26-29;
    [155]LI Hou-min, WANG Rui-jiang, XIAO Ke-yan, ZHANG Xiao-hua,LIU Ya-ling, SUN Li. 2009. Characteristics and current utilizationstatus of ultra-low-grade magnetite resource, and suggerstionon its exploration and development[J]. Geological Bulletin,28(1):85-90;
    [156]LI Huai-yong, LUAN Ying-bo, HU Ling-zhi.2008. Present situationof iron ore resources and the ore prospecting orientationin Beijing[J]. Analysis and Study,3(3):14-17;
    [157]LI Wei-bing, SONG Ren-feng.2008. Properties of Anshan iron oreresource and suggestions for its exploitation and utilization[J].Mining Engineering,6(2):8-10;
    [158]MA Jian-ming, WU Chu-guo.2008. What's the key to retard thedemand exceeds supply of current iron ore market [J].Land and Resource Information, (7):33-35;
    [159]WANG Zhong-hong, CHEN Qiang, LIU Hua-yan.2008. Characteristicsof iron ore resources in Anshan region and suggestionson their exploitation and utilization[J]. Metal Mine, (7):64-66;
    [160]XIE Cheng-xiang, LI Hou-min, WANG Rui-jiang, XIAO Ke-yan,SUN Li, LIU Ya-ling. 2009. Structural characteristics of ironore resources identified to date [J]. Geological Bulletinof China,28(1):80-84;
    [161]Xinchun Wu, Dingfang Chen. China,s Steel Output Forecast in the Next Five Years ICPCA2011.ISBN978-1-4577-0207-5, IEEE PRESS 2011.10. (EI)

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700