摘要
本文通过逆掩断层发育特征研究,分析了逆掩断层封闭机理,在断裂带填充物性质与断层封闭性定量关系模拟实验和膏泥岩变形特征模拟实验基础上建立了断层封闭性评价标准及评价方法,以此对库车坳陷几个典型构造上逆掩断层垂向封闭性进行了评价,结果表明现今断层多是封闭的。利用生长三角带和平衡剖面技术对断裂形成时期和活动时期进行了研究,结果表明,不同构造带断裂形成时期存在很大差异,是从北到南断裂形成时间越来越晚,但断裂主要活动时期则在库车期一第四系。在此基础上对逆掩断层垂向封闭性演化史进行了恢复,认为断裂自吉迪克组沉积时期以来均有活动,但这种活动是间歇性的,活动时期断层开启,静止时期断层多是封闭的。在对库车坳陷北带典型构造含气性解剖的基础上,根据相似性原理建立典型构造微缩物理模拟实验模型,对天然气沿断裂运聚成藏(或散失)过程进行了物理模拟。为了研究断裂输导天然气能力,在断裂输导天然气能力影响因素分析基础上,建立了一个断裂输导天然气能力评价参数。利用此评价参数对我国24个以断裂为主要输导通道的大中型气田断裂输导天然气能力进行了研究。并通过我国24个以断裂为主要输导通道的大中型气田天然气聚集效率和断裂输导天然气能力评价参数之间的关系研究得到,高效、中效和低效断裂输导天然气能力评价参数值应分别为大于250×10~(-4)、250~25×10~(-4)和小于25×10~(-4)。根据库车坳陷北带断裂输导特征,对其下白垩统顶部断裂输导天然气效率进行了研究,得到库车坳陷北带下白垩统顶部高效断裂输导天然气区主要分布在大北1井周围、克拉1、2、3、4井周围和东秋5井、迪那1、依南2井周围3个地区,中、低效断裂输导天然气区围绕高效断裂输导天然气能力区分布。按照库车坳陷连接气源岩与圈闭之间断层及其组合特征的不同,结合各构造天然气富集程度的差异,总结了库车坳陷北带4种类型断裂对天然气运聚成藏作用模式,得到由盐下断裂和穿盐断裂(不连接圈闭)构成的天然气运聚成藏模式及由盐下断裂构成的天然气运聚成藏模式应是库车坳陷天然气输导最有效的模式;而由盐下断裂和圈闭顶部突破断裂构成的天然气运聚成藏模式及仅由穿盐断裂构成的天然气运聚成藏模式其天然气向圈闭的输导能力相对较低,只能形成一些小型气藏或气显示。根据烃源岩的生气强度、断裂输导天然气效率和新近系盖层厚度条件进行叠合,对库车坳陷北带天然气成藏与分布的有利区进行预测。预测结果表明,库车坳陷北带天然气成藏与分布的有利区主要分布在大北1井周围、克拉1、2、3、4井周围和东秋5·井~迪那1~依南2井周围3个地区。
Based on the research of development characteristics of overthrust fault, its sealing mechanism is ana- lyzed. The evaluation standard and method for sealing ability of fault is established through the following two simulation experiment: one experiment is ,the quantitative relationship between property of filler in fault zone and sealing ability of fault , another experiment is the deformation characteristics of gymsum. By evaluating sealing ability of overthrust faults on several typical structure in Kuche ression,its considered that most cur- rent faults are sealed. By growth triangle zone and profile of equilibrium technology , and the research of the formation and moving period of fracture,it's considered that formation period of fracture in different strutural zone vary greatly. The formation period of fracture is later and later from the north to the south, but the main moving period of faults is Kuche - Quaternary. The evolution history of vertical sealing ability of overthrust faults was recovered, it's considered that activity of fault exist since Jidike deposition period, but episodic. Faults are open during moving period and sealed during static period. Based on dissection of gas - bearing of typical structure in the north zone of Kuche depression, by the foundation of similarity , micro - mini physical simulation model of typical structure was established, the effect of migration and accumulation of gas through fault was simulated physically. To evaluate transporting efficiency of gas through fault, based on the analysis of factors that influence transporting ability of gas through fault an evaluation parameter was established.. By the evaluation parameter , transporting ability of gas through faults in 24 large and medium gas fields whose transporting passway is fault were studied. By the study of relation between accumulation efficiency and evalu- ation parameter of transporting ability of gas through fault, it is considered evaluation parameter of transporting ability of gas though fault of high, middle and low efficiency are separately more than 250×10~(-4), from 250to 25×10~(-4) and less than 25×10~(-4). According to transporting characteristics of gas through fault in the north zone of Kuche depression, transporting efficiency of gas through fault of Lower Crataceous in the region was studied. It is considered that high efficiency transporting ability places mainly distribute around well Da- bei 1, well Kela 1,2,3,4 and well Dongqou 5 - Dina 2 - Yinan 2, around of which are gas of middle and low transporting ability places. According to the difference of faults linking source rock and traps and it's combi- nation characteristics and accumulation degree of gas, four types of effect models of faults to migration and accumulation are summarized, moreover, faults model formed by subsalt fault and trans -salt fault (discon- tinuous trap) and fault models formed by trans - salt fault are the most effective models in Kuche depression, and fault models formed by subsalt fault and sudden fault on the top of trap and models formed by trans - salt fault are less effective on accumulation formation, and only can form small reservoir of gas shows. By com- prehensive analysis of generating intensity of source rock, transporting efficiency of gas through fault and thickness of caprock of Tertiary, the favorable areas of gas accumulation and distribution were forecasted. The result indicates that favorable areas of gas accumulation and distribution are around of well Dabeil, around of well Kelal ,2,3,4 and around of well Dongqou5 - Dina2 - Yinan2 in the north of Kuchen depression.
引文
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