益精口服液对高脂饲料及运动锻炼大鼠生理机能的影响
|
摘要
中药益精口服液是由归芪益母汤裁化而来,归芪益母汤源于清代沈莲舫的《牛经备要医方》,由当归、黄芪、益母草3味中药组成。单味中药的现代药理研究表明本方诸药分别具有保护心血管系统、免疫调节、抗疲劳、耐缺氧、抗氧化、降血脂等作用;成方研究结果表明,益精口服液具有抗疲劳、耐缺氧、抗氧化、免疫调节、迅速降低产后气虚血瘀证血浆一氧化氮含量等作用。本方在兽医临床上主要用于治疗产科方面的病症。虽然基础原方出自兽医典籍,在兽医临床上应用较多,但对其作用机理的研究较少。
本项目的目的是通过研究益精口服液对摄入高脂、运动锻炼大鼠抗运动性疲劳、肝肾等脏器系统功能及机体免疫系统的影响,来探讨其抗疲劳、保肝护肾、抗动脉粥样硬化、免疫调节的作用效果。主要完成了益精口服液对运动性疲劳、肝肾功能及血脂相关生理生化参数、肝肾等脏器病理学变化及动、静脉内膜形态学变化和机体细胞免疫、体液免疫的影响等四个方面的研究。
为了观察益精口服液对运动性疲劳的影响,我们采用大鼠负重(5%体重)极限游泳方法测试极限游泳存活的时间。结果显示,益精口服液连续3w灌胃后,试验组雌鼠极限游泳时间与空白组相比明显延长,其中中剂量益精口服液组雌鼠极限游泳时间(1842.75s)较之空白组(303.33s)有极显著差异。说明益精口服液对雌鼠有明显的抗疲劳作用。
为了观察长期服用益精口服液对肝肾功能、血脂代谢的影响及是否有毒副作用,我们使用生物化学方法检测了大鼠服药一定时间后反映其肝脏、肾脏、肌肉等组织器官机能状态的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、尿酸(UA)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cre)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、直接胆红素(D-BIL)、总胆红素(T-BIL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、肝糖原等指标。结果表明,益精口服液连续灌胃3w,可明显降低模型组大鼠血清中ALT、UA、CK、TC、HDL、LDL的含量,说明益精口服液具有一定的保肝、护肾、调节血脂等功效;连续灌胃8w的中剂量益精口服液对大鼠肝、肾等主要生理生化指标没有明显影响,说明益精口服液在实验条件下长期服用对肝功能和肾功能等未表现毒副作用。
为了观察益精口服液对肝肾等脏器组织学变化的影响和对动脉、静脉内膜的影响,我们采用常规切片观察肝肾等脏器的组织变化,用扫描电子显微镜观察心主动脉、肝门静脉内膜形态的变化。结果显示:益精口服液可以明显缓解高脂血症模型组大鼠肝、肾组织细胞的脂肪空泡变性;减少高脂模型组大鼠心主动脉、肝门静脉内膜表面的沉积物,改善内膜的光滑度以及内皮细胞的有序排列,减轻内膜松网状、蚀斑样变化。提示益精口服液具有保护肝肾组织,预防其细胞脂肪变性和抗主动脉粥样硬化的作用。
为了研究益精口服液对运动性疲劳状态下机体免疫力的影响,我们观察了各实验组大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群动态变化、血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量的变化。结果显示,益精口服液对CD4+ T细胞的调节不明显,对CD8+ T细胞有明显的抑制作用,从而提高CD4+/CD8+比值;对血清TP、ALB的含量没有明显的影响。说明益精口服液对机体的免疫调节主要是通过降低CD8+ T细胞的百分比,提高CD4+/CD8+比值来调节机体免疫力,而对体液免疫的影响不明显。
以上实验结果表明:益精口服液对雌鼠具有明显的抗疲劳作用;对摄入高能及运动锻炼大鼠,具有明显调节血脂、改善血清生理生化、保肝护肾、抗动脉粥样硬化和调节机体免疫等作用。且连续8w灌胃给药,对大鼠肝功能和肾功能等未发现毒副作用。
Yi-Jing is a traditional Chinese medicine oral solution. It is derived from Gui Qi Yimu Decoction which was first described during Qing Dynasty by Shen Lianfang in《Niu Jing Bei Yao Yi Fang》and is composed of Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensisi), Huangqi (Radix Astragali) and Yimucao (Leonurus heterophllus). Pharmacological studies on the three traditional Chinese medicines composing this formula have shown that they have many therapeutic effects such as cardiovascular protective function, immunomodulatory, anti-fatigue, anti-hypoxia, antioxidant, and blood lipid regulating effects. As a formula, its reported therapeutic effects include ant-fatigue, anti-hypoxia, a ntioxidant, immunomodulatory effects in addition to its role in reducing seriousness of postpartum complications. Although this formula is often used in clinical veterinary, mainly for the treatment of Gynaecological conditions, only few studies have been carried out so far to elucidate its mechanism of action.
The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-fatigue, hepatorenal protective, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects of Yi-jing oral solution by studying its effects on resistance to exercise-induced fatigue, immune system and hepatorenal function of rats fed with high lipid diet and subjected to exercise training. It includes four parts: monitoring of biochemical parameters reflecting hepatorenal function, observation of pathomorphological changes in liver and kidney, evaluation of intima morphological changes, and investigation of the effect on the immune system.
To observe the effect of Yi-jing oral solution on exercise-induced fatigue, Swimming times to exhaustion were measured for rate with a load of 5% of body weights attached to their tails. The results show that the swimming time to exhaustion of rats administered Yi-jing oral solution for three weeks was significantly longer than that of control group. The difference was very significant between treated female group (1842.75s) and control group (303.33s). This indicates that Yi-jing oral solution has a significant anti-fatigue effect on female rats.
To observe the effect of long-time administration of Yi-jing oral solution on hepatorenal function and lipid metabolism and investigate whether or not it has any side effect, biochemical parameters reflecting hepatorenal function, and muscle tissue integrity (AST, ALT, UA, Urea, Cre, CK, LDH, TG, TC, LDL, HDL, D-BIL, T-BIL, HDL-C, LDL-C and hepatic glycogen) were monitored. The results show that the oral administration of Yi-jing oral solution once daily for 3 consecutive weeks significantly reduces the serum level of ALT、UA、CK、TC、HDL、LDL in treated rats compared to control group, indicating that Yi-jing oral solution has a certain role in protecting hepatorenal function and regulating lipid metabolism. Moreover, oral administration once daily for 8 weeks does not have any significant effect on main physiobiochemical parameters of liver and kidney, suggesting that, under the experiment conditions, long-time administration of Yi-jing oral solution has no side effect on hepatorenal function.
To assess whether the administration of Yi-jing oral solution cause any pathomorphological changes in liver and kidney, or induce any morphological changes in vessel endothelium, we examined histological sections of liver and kidney, and observed aorta and hepatic portal vein endothelial surface by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that Yi-jing oral solution significantly relieves hepatorenal fatty degeneration, reduces sediments in endothelial surface of aorta and hepatic portal vein, enhances smoothness of endothelial surface and endothelial cell arrangement, and alleviates plaque-like changes in rats fed with high lipid diet. This suggests that Yi-jing oral solution has a certain role in maintaining the integrity of hepatorenal tissue, preventive effect against fatty degeneration and anti-atherosclerotic function.
Finally, we studied the effect of Yi-jing oral solution on the immune system under the condition of exercise-induced fatigue by examining its effect on dynamic changes of peripheral blood-T lymphocytes subpopulation, and the level of serum total protein and serum albumin. The results show that Yi-jing oral solution significantly decreases CD8+ T cell percentage, while it has no significant effect on CD4+ T cell percentage, which, as result, increases CD4+/CD8+ ratio. However, it does not have any significant effect neithier on serum total protein, nor serum albumin. This suggests that the main immune regulating effect of Yi-jing oral solution is through decreasing CD8+ T cell percentage and increasing CD4+/CD8+ ratio; the result doesn’t indicate any significant effect on the humoral immunity.
Taken together, these results indicate that Yi-jing oral solution has a significant anti-fatigue effect on female rats; it also plays a significant role in regulating lipid metabolism, enhances physio-biochemicals parameters, protects hepatorenal function, and has anti-atherosclerotic and immune regulating effects in rats fed with high lipid diet and subjected to exercise training. Moreover, oral administration once daily for 8 weeks does not have any side effect on hepatorenal function.
本项目的目的是通过研究益精口服液对摄入高脂、运动锻炼大鼠抗运动性疲劳、肝肾等脏器系统功能及机体免疫系统的影响,来探讨其抗疲劳、保肝护肾、抗动脉粥样硬化、免疫调节的作用效果。主要完成了益精口服液对运动性疲劳、肝肾功能及血脂相关生理生化参数、肝肾等脏器病理学变化及动、静脉内膜形态学变化和机体细胞免疫、体液免疫的影响等四个方面的研究。
为了观察益精口服液对运动性疲劳的影响,我们采用大鼠负重(5%体重)极限游泳方法测试极限游泳存活的时间。结果显示,益精口服液连续3w灌胃后,试验组雌鼠极限游泳时间与空白组相比明显延长,其中中剂量益精口服液组雌鼠极限游泳时间(1842.75s)较之空白组(303.33s)有极显著差异。说明益精口服液对雌鼠有明显的抗疲劳作用。
为了观察长期服用益精口服液对肝肾功能、血脂代谢的影响及是否有毒副作用,我们使用生物化学方法检测了大鼠服药一定时间后反映其肝脏、肾脏、肌肉等组织器官机能状态的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、尿酸(UA)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cre)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、直接胆红素(D-BIL)、总胆红素(T-BIL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、肝糖原等指标。结果表明,益精口服液连续灌胃3w,可明显降低模型组大鼠血清中ALT、UA、CK、TC、HDL、LDL的含量,说明益精口服液具有一定的保肝、护肾、调节血脂等功效;连续灌胃8w的中剂量益精口服液对大鼠肝、肾等主要生理生化指标没有明显影响,说明益精口服液在实验条件下长期服用对肝功能和肾功能等未表现毒副作用。
为了观察益精口服液对肝肾等脏器组织学变化的影响和对动脉、静脉内膜的影响,我们采用常规切片观察肝肾等脏器的组织变化,用扫描电子显微镜观察心主动脉、肝门静脉内膜形态的变化。结果显示:益精口服液可以明显缓解高脂血症模型组大鼠肝、肾组织细胞的脂肪空泡变性;减少高脂模型组大鼠心主动脉、肝门静脉内膜表面的沉积物,改善内膜的光滑度以及内皮细胞的有序排列,减轻内膜松网状、蚀斑样变化。提示益精口服液具有保护肝肾组织,预防其细胞脂肪变性和抗主动脉粥样硬化的作用。
为了研究益精口服液对运动性疲劳状态下机体免疫力的影响,我们观察了各实验组大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群动态变化、血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量的变化。结果显示,益精口服液对CD4+ T细胞的调节不明显,对CD8+ T细胞有明显的抑制作用,从而提高CD4+/CD8+比值;对血清TP、ALB的含量没有明显的影响。说明益精口服液对机体的免疫调节主要是通过降低CD8+ T细胞的百分比,提高CD4+/CD8+比值来调节机体免疫力,而对体液免疫的影响不明显。
以上实验结果表明:益精口服液对雌鼠具有明显的抗疲劳作用;对摄入高能及运动锻炼大鼠,具有明显调节血脂、改善血清生理生化、保肝护肾、抗动脉粥样硬化和调节机体免疫等作用。且连续8w灌胃给药,对大鼠肝功能和肾功能等未发现毒副作用。
Yi-Jing is a traditional Chinese medicine oral solution. It is derived from Gui Qi Yimu Decoction which was first described during Qing Dynasty by Shen Lianfang in《Niu Jing Bei Yao Yi Fang》and is composed of Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensisi), Huangqi (Radix Astragali) and Yimucao (Leonurus heterophllus). Pharmacological studies on the three traditional Chinese medicines composing this formula have shown that they have many therapeutic effects such as cardiovascular protective function, immunomodulatory, anti-fatigue, anti-hypoxia, antioxidant, and blood lipid regulating effects. As a formula, its reported therapeutic effects include ant-fatigue, anti-hypoxia, a ntioxidant, immunomodulatory effects in addition to its role in reducing seriousness of postpartum complications. Although this formula is often used in clinical veterinary, mainly for the treatment of Gynaecological conditions, only few studies have been carried out so far to elucidate its mechanism of action.
The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-fatigue, hepatorenal protective, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects of Yi-jing oral solution by studying its effects on resistance to exercise-induced fatigue, immune system and hepatorenal function of rats fed with high lipid diet and subjected to exercise training. It includes four parts: monitoring of biochemical parameters reflecting hepatorenal function, observation of pathomorphological changes in liver and kidney, evaluation of intima morphological changes, and investigation of the effect on the immune system.
To observe the effect of Yi-jing oral solution on exercise-induced fatigue, Swimming times to exhaustion were measured for rate with a load of 5% of body weights attached to their tails. The results show that the swimming time to exhaustion of rats administered Yi-jing oral solution for three weeks was significantly longer than that of control group. The difference was very significant between treated female group (1842.75s) and control group (303.33s). This indicates that Yi-jing oral solution has a significant anti-fatigue effect on female rats.
To observe the effect of long-time administration of Yi-jing oral solution on hepatorenal function and lipid metabolism and investigate whether or not it has any side effect, biochemical parameters reflecting hepatorenal function, and muscle tissue integrity (AST, ALT, UA, Urea, Cre, CK, LDH, TG, TC, LDL, HDL, D-BIL, T-BIL, HDL-C, LDL-C and hepatic glycogen) were monitored. The results show that the oral administration of Yi-jing oral solution once daily for 3 consecutive weeks significantly reduces the serum level of ALT、UA、CK、TC、HDL、LDL in treated rats compared to control group, indicating that Yi-jing oral solution has a certain role in protecting hepatorenal function and regulating lipid metabolism. Moreover, oral administration once daily for 8 weeks does not have any significant effect on main physiobiochemical parameters of liver and kidney, suggesting that, under the experiment conditions, long-time administration of Yi-jing oral solution has no side effect on hepatorenal function.
To assess whether the administration of Yi-jing oral solution cause any pathomorphological changes in liver and kidney, or induce any morphological changes in vessel endothelium, we examined histological sections of liver and kidney, and observed aorta and hepatic portal vein endothelial surface by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that Yi-jing oral solution significantly relieves hepatorenal fatty degeneration, reduces sediments in endothelial surface of aorta and hepatic portal vein, enhances smoothness of endothelial surface and endothelial cell arrangement, and alleviates plaque-like changes in rats fed with high lipid diet. This suggests that Yi-jing oral solution has a certain role in maintaining the integrity of hepatorenal tissue, preventive effect against fatty degeneration and anti-atherosclerotic function.
Finally, we studied the effect of Yi-jing oral solution on the immune system under the condition of exercise-induced fatigue by examining its effect on dynamic changes of peripheral blood-T lymphocytes subpopulation, and the level of serum total protein and serum albumin. The results show that Yi-jing oral solution significantly decreases CD8+ T cell percentage, while it has no significant effect on CD4+ T cell percentage, which, as result, increases CD4+/CD8+ ratio. However, it does not have any significant effect neithier on serum total protein, nor serum albumin. This suggests that the main immune regulating effect of Yi-jing oral solution is through decreasing CD8+ T cell percentage and increasing CD4+/CD8+ ratio; the result doesn’t indicate any significant effect on the humoral immunity.
Taken together, these results indicate that Yi-jing oral solution has a significant anti-fatigue effect on female rats; it also plays a significant role in regulating lipid metabolism, enhances physio-biochemicals parameters, protects hepatorenal function, and has anti-atherosclerotic and immune regulating effects in rats fed with high lipid diet and subjected to exercise training. Moreover, oral administration once daily for 8 weeks does not have any side effect on hepatorenal function.
引文
[1]张虎社,郭时雨,王金传.归芪益母汤加减治疗母牛不孕症[J].中兽医医药杂志, 2006,(1):49.
[2]许小琴,韦旭斌,刘学忠,等.归芪益母汤耐缺氧及抗氧化作用[J].中国兽医学报, 2005,25(2):208~210.
[3]传卫军.加味归芪益母汤治疗奶牛产后瘫痪[J].中兽医医药杂志,2004,(2):45~46.
[4]王焕章.加味归芪益母汤治疗小尾寒羊产后瘫痪[J].中兽医医药杂志,2002,(5): 28~29.
[5]曹占英.加味归芪汤治疗母猪产后寒[J].畜禽业,2006,(192):47.
[6]余谦,李明富,宋开源,等.中医药抗体力性疲劳的整体思辨与应用前景[J].中国运动医学杂志,2001,20(1):34.
[7]潘宁敏,岑仑.运动性疲劳产生机制与恢复手段的研究综述[J].贵州体育科技, 2006,(2):35~37.
[8]杨少玲,李来好.抗疲劳肽的研究现状[J].湛江海洋大学学报.2006,26(6):77~82.
[9]李八方,等.功能食品与保健食品[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1997:387.
[10] Baker J, Brown E, Hill G, et al. Hand grip contribution to lactate production and leg power during high-intensity exercise [J]. Med Sci sports Exerc, 2002, 34(6):10~3.
[11]曹海信,赵启权,李世明.生物自由基与运动性疲劳的研究进展[J].四川体育科学,2006,(4):33~35.
[12] Dillard CJ. Effect of exercise vitam in E and ozone on pulme nary function and lipid peroxidation [J]. J Applphysio, 2001, 45:927~933.
[13] Davies KJ, Quintanilha AT, Brooks GA, et al. Free radical and tissue damage produced by exercise [J]. Biophys Rescomm, 1982, 107:1198~1205.
[14]李平.浅析运动性疲劳产生的原因及消除方法[J].长春师范学院学报,2003,22(2): 119~121.
[15]陈敏雄.运动性疲劳及消除疲劳的特殊营养补充品[J].安徽体育科技,2003,24(3):52~54.
[16]王小林.运动性疲劳的产生与消除[J].南京体育学院学报,2002,1(4):80~82.
[17]乔玉成.关于中医药抗运动性疲劳的立法思考[J].北京体育大学学报,2000,23(4): 490~492.
[18]李颜合,石真玉.中医药方法消除运动性疲劳的研究进展[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2006,21(2):118~122.
[19]宋刚.补肾益元方提高划船运动员抗疲劳能力及其作用机制的研究:[学位论文].长沙:湖南师范大学,2002:6.
[20]凌家杰.运动性疲劳中医因机证治的理论研究:[学位论文].长沙:湖南中医学院,2003:4.
[21]刘钟杰,许剑琴.中兽医学(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:356.
[22]王丽英,库宝善,姚海燕,等.七月七胶囊对负重游泳小鼠的抗疲劳作用[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(27):5940~5941.
[23]何晓耘,许小琴,张辉,等.复方益精口服液抗疲劳作用的实验研究[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2007, 6 (3):47~49.
[24]郭美丽,常锋,周燕平.黄芪为主的中草药复合剂--精海牌生蓝精胶囊的抗疲劳作用[J].中国自然医学杂志,2004,6(1):45~46.
[25]陈玉满,章荣华,吴惠岭,等.某中成药抗疲劳作用的实验观察[J].浙江预防医学,2004,16(11).
[26]吕红,郭伟东,杨洁,等.复方黄芪提取液抗运动性疲劳的实验研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2004,20(5):49~50.
[27]张小平,覃江涣,杨冬莲,等.黄芪多糖对力竭小鼠保护作用及运动能力的影响[J].临床和实验医学杂志,2006,5(7):853~854.
[28]王弋博,洪慧毓,贺晓文.黄芪的抗疲劳及对小肠平滑肌活动的影响[J].青海师范大学学报,2001,(4):59~68.
[29]肖业伟,蔺艳,王西霞,等.黄芪、生脉和参附注射液在整体抗疲劳中对骨骼肌疲劳的影响[J].现代医药卫生,2007,23(4):501~502.
[30]刘晓薇,曾明,曾爽.自由基与运动及中药的研究状况[J].甘肃政法成人教育学院学报,2006,(2):172~173.
[31]莫简.医用自由基生物学导论[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1989:1~32.
[32]张宜龙.牛磺酸对人体自由基代谢水平和运动能力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,1999,18(1):53,73~75.
[33]范美华,王健鑫,李鹏,等.益母草的研究进展[J].中国药物与临床,2006,6(7): 528~530.
[34]陈洪涛,许小琴,王国富.归芪益母液的药理初探[J].中国兽医杂志,1980,(15): 42~44.
[35]程海花,阿祥仁.中药黄芪抗缺氧作用的研究[J].青海医药杂志,1999,29(10): 18~19.
[36]朱俐俐,孙明.运动与免疫调节的研究进展[J].心血管康复医学杂志,2006,15(1): 81~84.
[37]王恬,叶卫兵.运动与免疫研究的最新进展[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(4): 148~149.
[38]刘伯成,刘良,王永禄.当归补血汤的药理学研究进展[J].甘肃中医学院学报2005,22(2):48~50.
[39]程战,包牧莹,金岩,等.当归补血汤对细胞及体液免疫的调节作用[J].中药杂志, 2000,27(9): 426.
[40]窦骏,曲卫敏.不同剂量黄芪配伍的当归补血汤对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].实用中西医结合杂志,1996,9(5):293~294.
[41]孔祥英.黄芪与当归配伍的免疫实验研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,1997,21(4): 26.
[42]徐浩明,孔兆伟.黄芪对耐力运动大鼠CD4+/CD8+比值及身体成分的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2003,26(4):469.
[43]周丽丽,王启荣,伊木清,等.中药多糖对耐力训练大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及活化T细胞数量的影响[J].西安体育学院学报,2006,23(4):63~67.
[44]李庆.黄芪的药理药效研究进展[J].医药产业资讯,2006,3(11):128~129.
[45]王燕,单体中.当归多糖的生物学功能研究进展[J].中国饲料,2006,(9):18~21.
[46]雷燕,王军辉,陈可冀.黄芪、当归配伍后促鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的药效比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(9):87.
[47]鲍翠玉,郑敏,赵骥.黄芪对大运动量训练大鼠内皮功能及心肌超微结构的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2006,25(1):87~89.
[48]杨艳秋,杨伟民,曹淑杰,等.当归活性成分阿魏酸钠干预老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病心绞痛患者血液抗氧化能力和保护血内皮细胞功能[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(39):101~103.
[49]陈少刚,李长潮,庄学煊,等.当归注射液对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,中国中西医结合杂志. 1995,15(8):486~488.
[50]李自成,李庚山,黄从新,等.当归提取液对培养的兔主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响.中药药理与临床,1998,14(1):28~32.
[51]谢丹,张莹雯.归芪方对糖尿病大鼠肾组织转化生长因子β1的影响[J].武汉大学学报,2004,25(6):655~659.
[52]何永明,刘忠杰,许剑琴,等.归芪益母散对奶牛产后气虚血瘀证血浆一氧化氮含量的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2003,39(7):26~27.
[53]乔玉成.抗运动性疲劳中药的现代药理研究[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2000, 15(1):68~72.
[54]李建龙.黄芪注射液对运动性疲劳大鼠海马组织中Glu和GABA的影响[J].体育科学,2005,25(2):73~75.
[55]孙曼春.当归注射液的化学成分及其药理作用研究:[学位论文].武汉:湖北中医学院,2005:8~9.
[56]徐晓阳.脂肪与运动能力的研究进展[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2005,24(2):11~14.
[57] ALESSIO H M. MDA content incerase in fast and slow twitch skeletal muscle with intensity of exercise in a rat [J]. Am. J. Physiol, 1988, (3):255~877.
[58] ULLREY D. Rapid response of the equine enythrocyte glutathione peroxidasesystem to exercise [J]. Federation Proc, 1977, 36:1095~1103.
[59]郭林,吕志红,郭庆平,等.复合中药制剂对大鼠肾脏组织自由基代谢变化及抗疲劳能力的作用[J].中国体育科技, 2000,36(9):47~49.
[60]伊木清,杨则宜,周丽丽,等.大鼠游泳训练及其力竭后血总睾酮、肌酸激酶及RBC ATP酶活力的改变[J].西安体育学院学报,2006,23(1):62~66.
[61] Thompson D, Nicholas CW, Willians C. Muscular soreness following prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running [J]. J Sports Sci, 1999, (17):387~395.
[62] Siegel A J, Silverman L M, Lopez R E. Creatine kinase elevations in marathon runners relationship to training and competition[J]. Yale J Biol Med, 1980, (53): 275~279.
[63] Goodman C, Henry G, Dawson B, et al. Biochemical and ultrastructural indices of muscle damage after a twenty-one kilometre run [J]. Aust J Sci Med Sport, 1997, (29): 95~98.
[64] Van der Meulen J H, Kuipers H, Drukker J. Relationship between exercise-induced muscle damage and enzyme release in rats [J]. J Appl Physiol, 1991, (71):999~1004.
[65]文质君,陈筱春.古汉养生精对运动小鼠血乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶和运动时间的影响[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(35):95~97.
[66]马清均,王淑玲.常用中药现代研究及临床[M].天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1995:622.
[67]薛慧,谭志鑫,朱祖成.运动强度对高脂饮食大鼠脂质代谢和瘦素的影响[J].湖北民族学院学报, 2005,22(2):9~11.
[68]沃兴德,崔小强,唐利华.姜黄素对食饵性高脂血症大鼠血浆脂蛋白代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2003,11(3):223~226.
[69]仇锦春,卞慧敏,张启春,等.通塞脉片对大鼠实验性高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化的影响[J].上海中医药杂志,2007,41(1):71~73.
[70]李宁军,李惊子,辛岗,等.黄芪当归合剂对肾病综合征大鼠脂蛋白酶和卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1999,19(8):484.
[71]刘萍,张静生,郑菲.中药对低密度脂蛋白受体基因表达的影响[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2000,7(3):141~143.
[72]陈江宁,王默然.高脂血症证型与过氧化脂质超氧化物歧化酶相关性[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(12):1531~1532.
[73]李亚君,吴嫦嫦.健康人群血脂测定结果与高脂血症的关系[J].医药产业资讯, 2005,2(14):17.
[74]范建高,曾民德,李继强.脂肪肝的危险因素分析[J].中华预防医学杂志,1998, 32(3):189.
[75]赵桂臣,于静,拜尔娜.肾病综合征高脂血症临床分析[J].新疆医学,2006,36(4): 5~7.
[76]吕建敏,应华忠,徐孝平.高脂血症动物模型研究进展[J].浙江中医学院学报, 2005,29(4):87~89.
[77]林小荣,林广玲,冯欣衡,等.脂肪肝与高脂血症的关系探讨[J].现代医院,2006, 6(6):64~65.
[78]叶勇.中医药治疗高脂血症研究进展[J].山西中医学院学报,2003,4(3):59~61.
[79]何光向,郑宋明.参芪五子降脂汤治疗高脂血症临床观察[J].中华中医药学刊, 2007,25(1):182~183.
[80]吴水盛,张丽霞.补养还五汤加减治疗高脂血症疗效观察[J].中华中医药学刊, 2007,25(1):31~32.
[81] Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s [J]. Nature, 1993, 362:801.
[82]杨开清,林培政.清热化湿消瘀法对兔主动脉粥样硬化形成干预作用的超微结构研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,2006,23(4):318~321.
[83]张文高,郑广娟,李军山.扫描电镜观察脂欣康胶囊对载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化主动脉内膜超微结构的影响[J].生物医学工程研究,2004,23(1):28~30.
[84]马莉,蔡东联.中药在运动医学中的应用现状[J].中西医结合学报,2006,4(5): 541~543.
[85] Green KJ, David G. Rowbottom. Exercise induces changes to in vitro T-lymphocyte mitogen responses using CFSE [J]. J Appl Physiol, 2003, 95(1):57~63.
[86] Katherine J Green, David G. Rowbottom, Laurel T Mackinnon.Exercise and T-lymphocyte function: a comparison of proliferation in PBMC and NK cell-depleted PBMC culture [J]. J Appl Physiol, 2002, 92(6):2390~2395.
[87]何晓耘,许小琴,郜平光,等.适度运动对摄入高能饲料大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群免疫的影响[J].西安体育学院学报,2007,27(5):66~68.
[88] Suzi Hong, Todd A. Johnson, Noha H. Farag, et a1. Attenuation of T-lymphocyte demargination and adhesion molecule expression in response to moderate exercise in physically fit individuals [J]. J Appl Physiol, 2005, 98(3):1057~1063.
[89]王沛.不同负荷的运动训练对大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响[J].体育学刊,2001, 8(5):79~83.
[90]龚非力.医学免疫学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,281~282.
[2]许小琴,韦旭斌,刘学忠,等.归芪益母汤耐缺氧及抗氧化作用[J].中国兽医学报, 2005,25(2):208~210.
[3]传卫军.加味归芪益母汤治疗奶牛产后瘫痪[J].中兽医医药杂志,2004,(2):45~46.
[4]王焕章.加味归芪益母汤治疗小尾寒羊产后瘫痪[J].中兽医医药杂志,2002,(5): 28~29.
[5]曹占英.加味归芪汤治疗母猪产后寒[J].畜禽业,2006,(192):47.
[6]余谦,李明富,宋开源,等.中医药抗体力性疲劳的整体思辨与应用前景[J].中国运动医学杂志,2001,20(1):34.
[7]潘宁敏,岑仑.运动性疲劳产生机制与恢复手段的研究综述[J].贵州体育科技, 2006,(2):35~37.
[8]杨少玲,李来好.抗疲劳肽的研究现状[J].湛江海洋大学学报.2006,26(6):77~82.
[9]李八方,等.功能食品与保健食品[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1997:387.
[10] Baker J, Brown E, Hill G, et al. Hand grip contribution to lactate production and leg power during high-intensity exercise [J]. Med Sci sports Exerc, 2002, 34(6):10~3.
[11]曹海信,赵启权,李世明.生物自由基与运动性疲劳的研究进展[J].四川体育科学,2006,(4):33~35.
[12] Dillard CJ. Effect of exercise vitam in E and ozone on pulme nary function and lipid peroxidation [J]. J Applphysio, 2001, 45:927~933.
[13] Davies KJ, Quintanilha AT, Brooks GA, et al. Free radical and tissue damage produced by exercise [J]. Biophys Rescomm, 1982, 107:1198~1205.
[14]李平.浅析运动性疲劳产生的原因及消除方法[J].长春师范学院学报,2003,22(2): 119~121.
[15]陈敏雄.运动性疲劳及消除疲劳的特殊营养补充品[J].安徽体育科技,2003,24(3):52~54.
[16]王小林.运动性疲劳的产生与消除[J].南京体育学院学报,2002,1(4):80~82.
[17]乔玉成.关于中医药抗运动性疲劳的立法思考[J].北京体育大学学报,2000,23(4): 490~492.
[18]李颜合,石真玉.中医药方法消除运动性疲劳的研究进展[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2006,21(2):118~122.
[19]宋刚.补肾益元方提高划船运动员抗疲劳能力及其作用机制的研究:[学位论文].长沙:湖南师范大学,2002:6.
[20]凌家杰.运动性疲劳中医因机证治的理论研究:[学位论文].长沙:湖南中医学院,2003:4.
[21]刘钟杰,许剑琴.中兽医学(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:356.
[22]王丽英,库宝善,姚海燕,等.七月七胶囊对负重游泳小鼠的抗疲劳作用[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(27):5940~5941.
[23]何晓耘,许小琴,张辉,等.复方益精口服液抗疲劳作用的实验研究[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2007, 6 (3):47~49.
[24]郭美丽,常锋,周燕平.黄芪为主的中草药复合剂--精海牌生蓝精胶囊的抗疲劳作用[J].中国自然医学杂志,2004,6(1):45~46.
[25]陈玉满,章荣华,吴惠岭,等.某中成药抗疲劳作用的实验观察[J].浙江预防医学,2004,16(11).
[26]吕红,郭伟东,杨洁,等.复方黄芪提取液抗运动性疲劳的实验研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2004,20(5):49~50.
[27]张小平,覃江涣,杨冬莲,等.黄芪多糖对力竭小鼠保护作用及运动能力的影响[J].临床和实验医学杂志,2006,5(7):853~854.
[28]王弋博,洪慧毓,贺晓文.黄芪的抗疲劳及对小肠平滑肌活动的影响[J].青海师范大学学报,2001,(4):59~68.
[29]肖业伟,蔺艳,王西霞,等.黄芪、生脉和参附注射液在整体抗疲劳中对骨骼肌疲劳的影响[J].现代医药卫生,2007,23(4):501~502.
[30]刘晓薇,曾明,曾爽.自由基与运动及中药的研究状况[J].甘肃政法成人教育学院学报,2006,(2):172~173.
[31]莫简.医用自由基生物学导论[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1989:1~32.
[32]张宜龙.牛磺酸对人体自由基代谢水平和运动能力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,1999,18(1):53,73~75.
[33]范美华,王健鑫,李鹏,等.益母草的研究进展[J].中国药物与临床,2006,6(7): 528~530.
[34]陈洪涛,许小琴,王国富.归芪益母液的药理初探[J].中国兽医杂志,1980,(15): 42~44.
[35]程海花,阿祥仁.中药黄芪抗缺氧作用的研究[J].青海医药杂志,1999,29(10): 18~19.
[36]朱俐俐,孙明.运动与免疫调节的研究进展[J].心血管康复医学杂志,2006,15(1): 81~84.
[37]王恬,叶卫兵.运动与免疫研究的最新进展[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(4): 148~149.
[38]刘伯成,刘良,王永禄.当归补血汤的药理学研究进展[J].甘肃中医学院学报2005,22(2):48~50.
[39]程战,包牧莹,金岩,等.当归补血汤对细胞及体液免疫的调节作用[J].中药杂志, 2000,27(9): 426.
[40]窦骏,曲卫敏.不同剂量黄芪配伍的当归补血汤对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].实用中西医结合杂志,1996,9(5):293~294.
[41]孔祥英.黄芪与当归配伍的免疫实验研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,1997,21(4): 26.
[42]徐浩明,孔兆伟.黄芪对耐力运动大鼠CD4+/CD8+比值及身体成分的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2003,26(4):469.
[43]周丽丽,王启荣,伊木清,等.中药多糖对耐力训练大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及活化T细胞数量的影响[J].西安体育学院学报,2006,23(4):63~67.
[44]李庆.黄芪的药理药效研究进展[J].医药产业资讯,2006,3(11):128~129.
[45]王燕,单体中.当归多糖的生物学功能研究进展[J].中国饲料,2006,(9):18~21.
[46]雷燕,王军辉,陈可冀.黄芪、当归配伍后促鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的药效比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(9):87.
[47]鲍翠玉,郑敏,赵骥.黄芪对大运动量训练大鼠内皮功能及心肌超微结构的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2006,25(1):87~89.
[48]杨艳秋,杨伟民,曹淑杰,等.当归活性成分阿魏酸钠干预老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病心绞痛患者血液抗氧化能力和保护血内皮细胞功能[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(39):101~103.
[49]陈少刚,李长潮,庄学煊,等.当归注射液对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,中国中西医结合杂志. 1995,15(8):486~488.
[50]李自成,李庚山,黄从新,等.当归提取液对培养的兔主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响.中药药理与临床,1998,14(1):28~32.
[51]谢丹,张莹雯.归芪方对糖尿病大鼠肾组织转化生长因子β1的影响[J].武汉大学学报,2004,25(6):655~659.
[52]何永明,刘忠杰,许剑琴,等.归芪益母散对奶牛产后气虚血瘀证血浆一氧化氮含量的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2003,39(7):26~27.
[53]乔玉成.抗运动性疲劳中药的现代药理研究[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2000, 15(1):68~72.
[54]李建龙.黄芪注射液对运动性疲劳大鼠海马组织中Glu和GABA的影响[J].体育科学,2005,25(2):73~75.
[55]孙曼春.当归注射液的化学成分及其药理作用研究:[学位论文].武汉:湖北中医学院,2005:8~9.
[56]徐晓阳.脂肪与运动能力的研究进展[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2005,24(2):11~14.
[57] ALESSIO H M. MDA content incerase in fast and slow twitch skeletal muscle with intensity of exercise in a rat [J]. Am. J. Physiol, 1988, (3):255~877.
[58] ULLREY D. Rapid response of the equine enythrocyte glutathione peroxidasesystem to exercise [J]. Federation Proc, 1977, 36:1095~1103.
[59]郭林,吕志红,郭庆平,等.复合中药制剂对大鼠肾脏组织自由基代谢变化及抗疲劳能力的作用[J].中国体育科技, 2000,36(9):47~49.
[60]伊木清,杨则宜,周丽丽,等.大鼠游泳训练及其力竭后血总睾酮、肌酸激酶及RBC ATP酶活力的改变[J].西安体育学院学报,2006,23(1):62~66.
[61] Thompson D, Nicholas CW, Willians C. Muscular soreness following prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running [J]. J Sports Sci, 1999, (17):387~395.
[62] Siegel A J, Silverman L M, Lopez R E. Creatine kinase elevations in marathon runners relationship to training and competition[J]. Yale J Biol Med, 1980, (53): 275~279.
[63] Goodman C, Henry G, Dawson B, et al. Biochemical and ultrastructural indices of muscle damage after a twenty-one kilometre run [J]. Aust J Sci Med Sport, 1997, (29): 95~98.
[64] Van der Meulen J H, Kuipers H, Drukker J. Relationship between exercise-induced muscle damage and enzyme release in rats [J]. J Appl Physiol, 1991, (71):999~1004.
[65]文质君,陈筱春.古汉养生精对运动小鼠血乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶和运动时间的影响[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(35):95~97.
[66]马清均,王淑玲.常用中药现代研究及临床[M].天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1995:622.
[67]薛慧,谭志鑫,朱祖成.运动强度对高脂饮食大鼠脂质代谢和瘦素的影响[J].湖北民族学院学报, 2005,22(2):9~11.
[68]沃兴德,崔小强,唐利华.姜黄素对食饵性高脂血症大鼠血浆脂蛋白代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2003,11(3):223~226.
[69]仇锦春,卞慧敏,张启春,等.通塞脉片对大鼠实验性高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化的影响[J].上海中医药杂志,2007,41(1):71~73.
[70]李宁军,李惊子,辛岗,等.黄芪当归合剂对肾病综合征大鼠脂蛋白酶和卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1999,19(8):484.
[71]刘萍,张静生,郑菲.中药对低密度脂蛋白受体基因表达的影响[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2000,7(3):141~143.
[72]陈江宁,王默然.高脂血症证型与过氧化脂质超氧化物歧化酶相关性[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(12):1531~1532.
[73]李亚君,吴嫦嫦.健康人群血脂测定结果与高脂血症的关系[J].医药产业资讯, 2005,2(14):17.
[74]范建高,曾民德,李继强.脂肪肝的危险因素分析[J].中华预防医学杂志,1998, 32(3):189.
[75]赵桂臣,于静,拜尔娜.肾病综合征高脂血症临床分析[J].新疆医学,2006,36(4): 5~7.
[76]吕建敏,应华忠,徐孝平.高脂血症动物模型研究进展[J].浙江中医学院学报, 2005,29(4):87~89.
[77]林小荣,林广玲,冯欣衡,等.脂肪肝与高脂血症的关系探讨[J].现代医院,2006, 6(6):64~65.
[78]叶勇.中医药治疗高脂血症研究进展[J].山西中医学院学报,2003,4(3):59~61.
[79]何光向,郑宋明.参芪五子降脂汤治疗高脂血症临床观察[J].中华中医药学刊, 2007,25(1):182~183.
[80]吴水盛,张丽霞.补养还五汤加减治疗高脂血症疗效观察[J].中华中医药学刊, 2007,25(1):31~32.
[81] Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s [J]. Nature, 1993, 362:801.
[82]杨开清,林培政.清热化湿消瘀法对兔主动脉粥样硬化形成干预作用的超微结构研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,2006,23(4):318~321.
[83]张文高,郑广娟,李军山.扫描电镜观察脂欣康胶囊对载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化主动脉内膜超微结构的影响[J].生物医学工程研究,2004,23(1):28~30.
[84]马莉,蔡东联.中药在运动医学中的应用现状[J].中西医结合学报,2006,4(5): 541~543.
[85] Green KJ, David G. Rowbottom. Exercise induces changes to in vitro T-lymphocyte mitogen responses using CFSE [J]. J Appl Physiol, 2003, 95(1):57~63.
[86] Katherine J Green, David G. Rowbottom, Laurel T Mackinnon.Exercise and T-lymphocyte function: a comparison of proliferation in PBMC and NK cell-depleted PBMC culture [J]. J Appl Physiol, 2002, 92(6):2390~2395.
[87]何晓耘,许小琴,郜平光,等.适度运动对摄入高能饲料大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群免疫的影响[J].西安体育学院学报,2007,27(5):66~68.
[88] Suzi Hong, Todd A. Johnson, Noha H. Farag, et a1. Attenuation of T-lymphocyte demargination and adhesion molecule expression in response to moderate exercise in physically fit individuals [J]. J Appl Physiol, 2005, 98(3):1057~1063.
[89]王沛.不同负荷的运动训练对大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响[J].体育学刊,2001, 8(5):79~83.
[90]龚非力.医学免疫学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,281~282.