石油压裂液混配自动控制系统的研究
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摘要
油井经过一段时间开采以后,常出现油层渗透性能降低,有油不出油的衰老现象,对此石油行业普遍采用压裂增产技术,它利用高排量和高压力将含有高浓度支撑剂的非牛顿高黏压裂液注入井下,在目的层造成裂缝并延伸裂缝;当压裂液破胶返排后,形成一条或多条具有高导流能力的支撑裂缝。这样就提高了油层的渗透性,可达到增产的目的。因此压裂液质量的好坏,将直接影响压裂施工作业的效果,也就直接影响石油的稳产与增产。为了满足生产需求,压裂液必须满足以下的要求:黏度高,便于携带支撑剂(如石英砂);在泵送过程中摩擦阻力低;防滤失性好;压后破胶和返排过程迅速;而且要经济可行,不伤害地层。
论文依据对石油压裂液配液站参数的设计要求,主要目标是实现石油压裂液混配自动控制系统的设计。文中详细阐述了自动控制系统的设计思想,以及整个系统的硬件实现和软件设计。其中采用OMRON公司的Controller link网络完成了系统的组网通信,并对通信配置进行了详细的介绍。系统把智能控制中的模糊控制思想运用在清水和胶粉混配过程中,解决了石油压裂液混配过程中的混配控制困难的难点。所开发的系统将模糊控制与可编程逻辑控制器(Programable Logic Controller, PLC)相结合,克服了传统调节器超调量大的缺点,充分发挥了PLC控制灵活、编程方便、适应性强的优点,提高了对清水流速以及胶粉实时下粉精度的控制。并且对基于OMRON CS1G-H PLC模糊控制策略进行了工程实现,并给出了关键部分的控制逻辑。
实验结果表明,该系统可完成石油压裂液配液站对自动控制的要求,可按照生产需要自动连续快速的配置不同浓度的压裂液,配液质量高,无“鱼眼”,橇出口粘度达到实验室最高粘度的80%以上,实用性强,具有一定的推广价值。
After exploiting for a period of time, it has been seen that reservoir permeability is lower than previous. As a result there will be with oil but we can not get it. In this situation, we commonly adopt fracturing technique, which injects fracturing fluid into the mine with high displacement and pressure. The fracturing fluid is non-newtonian and viscous, it contains high concentrations of proppant. Then causing cracks and extension at the target zone. When the fracturing fluid gel breaking back, there will be one or more fractures with high conductivity. After increasing the permeability of reservoir, we can achieve the purpose of increasing production. Therefore good quality of fracturing fluid will improve fracturing operations directly, and will certainly affect the production of oil. Fracturing fluid must meet the following requirements: high viscosity, easy to carry proppant(eg: sand), low friction in the pumping process, good at preventing fluid loss, low friction in the pumping process, gel breaking back quickly, economically feasible and will not do harm to formation.
This dissertation mainly studies on petroleum fracturing fluid automatic control system according to design parameters of dispensing Station, describes how to design automatic control system, the hardware implementation and software design of the system. We use controller link for networking, and describe communication configuration in detail. On solving powder mixed with water which is the difficulty of getting good quality fracturing fluid, we will use fuzzy control. At the same time, we combine the fuzzy control with PLC. It will overcome the shortcomings of traditional with a large overshoot, give full play to the PLC control of flexible、convenience and adaptable, improve the control of flow of water and powder accuracy .We implement fuzzy control strategy on OMRON CS1G-H PLC, and give a key part of the program.
Experimental results show that the system can meet the requirement of the liquid station .In accordance with production needs, the system can quickly configure different concentrations of fracturing fluid with high quality and no "fish eye ".The viscosity of export is over 80% of the lab. It is practical and has some promotional value.
论文依据对石油压裂液配液站参数的设计要求,主要目标是实现石油压裂液混配自动控制系统的设计。文中详细阐述了自动控制系统的设计思想,以及整个系统的硬件实现和软件设计。其中采用OMRON公司的Controller link网络完成了系统的组网通信,并对通信配置进行了详细的介绍。系统把智能控制中的模糊控制思想运用在清水和胶粉混配过程中,解决了石油压裂液混配过程中的混配控制困难的难点。所开发的系统将模糊控制与可编程逻辑控制器(Programable Logic Controller, PLC)相结合,克服了传统调节器超调量大的缺点,充分发挥了PLC控制灵活、编程方便、适应性强的优点,提高了对清水流速以及胶粉实时下粉精度的控制。并且对基于OMRON CS1G-H PLC模糊控制策略进行了工程实现,并给出了关键部分的控制逻辑。
实验结果表明,该系统可完成石油压裂液配液站对自动控制的要求,可按照生产需要自动连续快速的配置不同浓度的压裂液,配液质量高,无“鱼眼”,橇出口粘度达到实验室最高粘度的80%以上,实用性强,具有一定的推广价值。
After exploiting for a period of time, it has been seen that reservoir permeability is lower than previous. As a result there will be with oil but we can not get it. In this situation, we commonly adopt fracturing technique, which injects fracturing fluid into the mine with high displacement and pressure. The fracturing fluid is non-newtonian and viscous, it contains high concentrations of proppant. Then causing cracks and extension at the target zone. When the fracturing fluid gel breaking back, there will be one or more fractures with high conductivity. After increasing the permeability of reservoir, we can achieve the purpose of increasing production. Therefore good quality of fracturing fluid will improve fracturing operations directly, and will certainly affect the production of oil. Fracturing fluid must meet the following requirements: high viscosity, easy to carry proppant(eg: sand), low friction in the pumping process, good at preventing fluid loss, low friction in the pumping process, gel breaking back quickly, economically feasible and will not do harm to formation.
This dissertation mainly studies on petroleum fracturing fluid automatic control system according to design parameters of dispensing Station, describes how to design automatic control system, the hardware implementation and software design of the system. We use controller link for networking, and describe communication configuration in detail. On solving powder mixed with water which is the difficulty of getting good quality fracturing fluid, we will use fuzzy control. At the same time, we combine the fuzzy control with PLC. It will overcome the shortcomings of traditional with a large overshoot, give full play to the PLC control of flexible、convenience and adaptable, improve the control of flow of water and powder accuracy .We implement fuzzy control strategy on OMRON CS1G-H PLC, and give a key part of the program.
Experimental results show that the system can meet the requirement of the liquid station .In accordance with production needs, the system can quickly configure different concentrations of fracturing fluid with high quality and no "fish eye ".The viscosity of export is over 80% of the lab. It is practical and has some promotional value.
引文
[1]王婷婷,邵克勇.水力压裂混合液砂密度模糊控制方法研究[J].自动化技术与应用,2007,26(10):45-46.
[2]罗彤彤,卢亚平,李强.湿法炼铜中瓜尔胶溶液配制设备[J].有色金属,2009,61(3):80-82.
[3]袁世平,李俊文.自动调节配液装置及其应用[J].水处理技术,1998,24(2):99-103.
[4]邬春学,李宏魁,雷鸣,等.基于PC104计算机的车载自动连续配液系统[J].电脑开发与应用,2003,16(5):31-32.
[5]罗彤彤,卢亚平,潘英民.石油压裂液高效快速混配车工业试验[J].矿冶,2004,13(4):87-90.
[6]肖文权,孙小平.工厂自动控制系统未来发展方向探讨[J].粮食与食品工业,2001,(2):40-42.
[7]陈在平,赵相宾.可编程序控制器技术与应用系统设计[M].北京:机械工机械工业出版社,2003:7-12.
[8]宋德玉.可编程程序控制器原理及应用系统设计技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1999:37-42.
[9]何献忠,李卫萍,刘颖慧,等.可编程控制器应用技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:5-7.
[10]赵新秋.工业控制网络技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009:1-7.
[11] MAHALIK N.P., YEN M. Extending Fieldbus Standards to Food Processing and Packaging Industry: A Review[J]. Computer Standards & Amp Interfaces, 2009, 31(3): 586-598.
[12] OZKUL, T.. Teaching Fieldbus Standards to Computer Engineering Students[J]. IEEE Transactions on Education, 2005, 48(1): 11-15.
[13] ROBERT P. Fieldbus Basics[J]. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 1998, (1): 275-293.
[14]周强,于凤新,于守谦.新型智能输液泵流速控制方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(10):2163-2167.
[15]张传富,宛西原,柳信维,等.自适应模糊PID控制在空气取水装置中的应用[J].后勤工程学院学报,2009,25(2):64-68.
[16]黄良沛,黄昕,阳小燕.参数自适应模糊PID控制在恒压供水系统中的应用[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2005,(4):28-31.
[17]田思庆,朱传刚,李晶.自适应模糊PID控制器在供水系统中的仿真研究[J].现代电子技术.2008,31(7):122-124.
[18] EDUARDO A M, RODRIGO P P, DENNIS B. A Fieldbus Simulator for Training Purposes[J]. 2009, 48(1): 132-141.
[19] RICHARD H C. Ethernet Will Transform Fieldbus[J]. Hydrocarbon Processing, 2000, (6): 7-9.
[20] PANG Y B, YANG S H, NISHITANI H. Analysis of Control Interval for Foundation Fieldbus-based Control Systems[J]. ISA Transactions, 2006, 45(3): 447-458.
[21]杨艳.OMRON PLC网络的通信技术及其应用研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2009:17-22.
[22] ZHANG H, LOU G H, YANG J Z, YAO Z. Development and Research on Embedded Fieldbus Protocol Conversion Gateway[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2010, (121): 228-231.
[23] TIRTHARA B. Why OPC for Sysetms[J]. C&I. 1997, 29(0): 24-26.
[24]葛玻,沈文杰,赵旎.工控组态王软件的对比及应用[J].计算机测量与控制,2002,10(8):550-551.
[25]刘庆,王小宝.新型压裂液配液站设计及应用[J].石油机械,2010,(1):56-59.
[26] BUCKLEY J J. Numberieal Relationships between Neural Networks. Continuous Functions and Fuzzy Systems[J]. Fuzzy Sets and System, 1993, 60(1): l-8.
[27]诸静.模糊控制原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999:1-15.
[28] BUCKLEY J J. Univeral Fuzzy Controllers[J]. Automatics, 1996, 28(6): 1245-1248.
[29]曾光奇,胡均安,王东,等.模糊控制理论与工程应用[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006:106-122.
[30]党建武,赵庶旭,王阳萍.模糊控制技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007,8:119-129.
[31] FRANCESCO A. Minimal Fuzzy Memberships and Rules Hierarehieal Genetie Algorithms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrieal Electronics, 1998, 45(1): 162-169.
[32]李友善,李军.模糊控制理论及其在过程控制中的应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1993:91-103.
[33] OH H M, CHOI S S, KIM Y S, etc. A Systematic Approach to Analyzing Multipath Parameters From PLC Channel Response[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008, 23(4):1921-1929.
[34] CHEN, S.-M. Fuzzy Forecasting Based on Fuzzy-Trend Logical Relationship Groups[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems. 2010, 40(5): 1343-1358.
[35] PEDRYCZ D A. Constucting Rule Bases for Multivariable Fuzzy Control by Self-Leaming[J]. Intemational Journal of Systems Science, 1993, 24(l): 111-156.
[36] MALINOWSKI, M.T.. Existence Theorems for Solutions to Random Fuzzy Differential Equations[J]. Nonlinear Analysis, 2010, 73(6): 1215-1532.
[37]陈欣.基于PLC的自动化立体仓库堆垛机运行及监控系统的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2009:17-26.
[38] BURHAN T. Review of Fuzzy System Models with An Emphasis on Fuzzy Functions[J]. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. 2009, 31(1): 7-31.
[39]张彬.自动控制原理[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2009:266-270.
[40]刘晓霞,孙金根,田兆福.用可编程控制器PLC实现模糊控制的方法研究[J].沈阳工业学院学报,2003,22(2):25-30.
[41] Miroslav C, Jelena I, Stojan B. Uniform Fuzzy Relations and Fuzzy Functions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 2009, 160(8): 1054-1081.
[42] HU D, LI H, YU X C. The Information Content Of Fuzzy Relations And Fuzzy Rules[J]. Computers & Amp; Mathematics with Applications. 2009, 57(2) :202-216.
[43]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:158-168.
[2]罗彤彤,卢亚平,李强.湿法炼铜中瓜尔胶溶液配制设备[J].有色金属,2009,61(3):80-82.
[3]袁世平,李俊文.自动调节配液装置及其应用[J].水处理技术,1998,24(2):99-103.
[4]邬春学,李宏魁,雷鸣,等.基于PC104计算机的车载自动连续配液系统[J].电脑开发与应用,2003,16(5):31-32.
[5]罗彤彤,卢亚平,潘英民.石油压裂液高效快速混配车工业试验[J].矿冶,2004,13(4):87-90.
[6]肖文权,孙小平.工厂自动控制系统未来发展方向探讨[J].粮食与食品工业,2001,(2):40-42.
[7]陈在平,赵相宾.可编程序控制器技术与应用系统设计[M].北京:机械工机械工业出版社,2003:7-12.
[8]宋德玉.可编程程序控制器原理及应用系统设计技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1999:37-42.
[9]何献忠,李卫萍,刘颖慧,等.可编程控制器应用技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:5-7.
[10]赵新秋.工业控制网络技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009:1-7.
[11] MAHALIK N.P., YEN M. Extending Fieldbus Standards to Food Processing and Packaging Industry: A Review[J]. Computer Standards & Amp Interfaces, 2009, 31(3): 586-598.
[12] OZKUL, T.. Teaching Fieldbus Standards to Computer Engineering Students[J]. IEEE Transactions on Education, 2005, 48(1): 11-15.
[13] ROBERT P. Fieldbus Basics[J]. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 1998, (1): 275-293.
[14]周强,于凤新,于守谦.新型智能输液泵流速控制方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(10):2163-2167.
[15]张传富,宛西原,柳信维,等.自适应模糊PID控制在空气取水装置中的应用[J].后勤工程学院学报,2009,25(2):64-68.
[16]黄良沛,黄昕,阳小燕.参数自适应模糊PID控制在恒压供水系统中的应用[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2005,(4):28-31.
[17]田思庆,朱传刚,李晶.自适应模糊PID控制器在供水系统中的仿真研究[J].现代电子技术.2008,31(7):122-124.
[18] EDUARDO A M, RODRIGO P P, DENNIS B. A Fieldbus Simulator for Training Purposes[J]. 2009, 48(1): 132-141.
[19] RICHARD H C. Ethernet Will Transform Fieldbus[J]. Hydrocarbon Processing, 2000, (6): 7-9.
[20] PANG Y B, YANG S H, NISHITANI H. Analysis of Control Interval for Foundation Fieldbus-based Control Systems[J]. ISA Transactions, 2006, 45(3): 447-458.
[21]杨艳.OMRON PLC网络的通信技术及其应用研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2009:17-22.
[22] ZHANG H, LOU G H, YANG J Z, YAO Z. Development and Research on Embedded Fieldbus Protocol Conversion Gateway[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2010, (121): 228-231.
[23] TIRTHARA B. Why OPC for Sysetms[J]. C&I. 1997, 29(0): 24-26.
[24]葛玻,沈文杰,赵旎.工控组态王软件的对比及应用[J].计算机测量与控制,2002,10(8):550-551.
[25]刘庆,王小宝.新型压裂液配液站设计及应用[J].石油机械,2010,(1):56-59.
[26] BUCKLEY J J. Numberieal Relationships between Neural Networks. Continuous Functions and Fuzzy Systems[J]. Fuzzy Sets and System, 1993, 60(1): l-8.
[27]诸静.模糊控制原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999:1-15.
[28] BUCKLEY J J. Univeral Fuzzy Controllers[J]. Automatics, 1996, 28(6): 1245-1248.
[29]曾光奇,胡均安,王东,等.模糊控制理论与工程应用[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006:106-122.
[30]党建武,赵庶旭,王阳萍.模糊控制技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007,8:119-129.
[31] FRANCESCO A. Minimal Fuzzy Memberships and Rules Hierarehieal Genetie Algorithms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrieal Electronics, 1998, 45(1): 162-169.
[32]李友善,李军.模糊控制理论及其在过程控制中的应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1993:91-103.
[33] OH H M, CHOI S S, KIM Y S, etc. A Systematic Approach to Analyzing Multipath Parameters From PLC Channel Response[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008, 23(4):1921-1929.
[34] CHEN, S.-M. Fuzzy Forecasting Based on Fuzzy-Trend Logical Relationship Groups[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems. 2010, 40(5): 1343-1358.
[35] PEDRYCZ D A. Constucting Rule Bases for Multivariable Fuzzy Control by Self-Leaming[J]. Intemational Journal of Systems Science, 1993, 24(l): 111-156.
[36] MALINOWSKI, M.T.. Existence Theorems for Solutions to Random Fuzzy Differential Equations[J]. Nonlinear Analysis, 2010, 73(6): 1215-1532.
[37]陈欣.基于PLC的自动化立体仓库堆垛机运行及监控系统的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2009:17-26.
[38] BURHAN T. Review of Fuzzy System Models with An Emphasis on Fuzzy Functions[J]. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. 2009, 31(1): 7-31.
[39]张彬.自动控制原理[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2009:266-270.
[40]刘晓霞,孙金根,田兆福.用可编程控制器PLC实现模糊控制的方法研究[J].沈阳工业学院学报,2003,22(2):25-30.
[41] Miroslav C, Jelena I, Stojan B. Uniform Fuzzy Relations and Fuzzy Functions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 2009, 160(8): 1054-1081.
[42] HU D, LI H, YU X C. The Information Content Of Fuzzy Relations And Fuzzy Rules[J]. Computers & Amp; Mathematics with Applications. 2009, 57(2) :202-216.
[43]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:158-168.