石蒜属植物系统学及长筒石蒜遗传多样性研究
摘要
石蒜属植物是优良的观赏植物和重要的药用植物,全世界有20 余种,其中我国具有丰富的野生资源,有15 种之多。国内外学者对其研究颇多,本文从繁殖与栽培技术、生长发育、育种、染色体、开发及经济价值方面对石蒜属植物的研究进展进行了综述。同时,回顾了石蒜属植物系统学研究进展,探讨了石蒜属分类系统存在的问题。在石蒜属分类系统方面存在的主要问题有:(1)细胞学与分子系统学上的证据较为一致,而与形态学上的证据存在差异,因此,能否以花冠整齐与否将石蒜属划分为两大亚属值得商榷;(2)石蒜属植物的杂合体较多,这些种的系统位置仍存在分歧;(3)微形态证据探讨石蒜属分类系统方面研究较为缺少。此外,对于应用前景较好的长筒石蒜,其种质资源没有进行研究。本文通过叶部的石蜡切片、叶表皮的光镜观察和电镜扫描对中国石蒜属11 种植物叶部微形态特征进行研究,以期能对探讨石蒜属植物种间关系提供依据。研究结果表明:栅栏组织排列方式、远轴面表皮细胞形状、气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔外拱盖蜡质纹饰等特征种间差异较大。因此,这些性状可以作为区分种的依据,又是研究石蒜属系统演化的性状指标。利用这些性状指标,结合形态学、孢粉学及细胞学特征,本文对石蒜属植物进行了分支系统学研究。结合分子聚类分析图,本文对石蒜属植物的分类系统进行了探讨,建议将雄蕊与花被片的位置关系作为石蒜属植物亚属的分类依据。同时,本文借助RAPD 及ISSR 分子标记,对长筒石蒜居群遗传多样性和不同花色变异类型进行了研究。研究结果表明:①长筒石蒜具有比较高的遗传多样性,各居群间遗传分化程度较低,大部分遗传变异存在于居群内部,表明其具有较强的进化潜力,自然情况下不会处于濒危状态,野生种质资源的破坏,主要来自于人为干扰;②依据花色区分的三种长筒石蒜不同类型,基本上得到分子证据的支持,即白色、粉红色及黄色类型的花,基本上分别聚为一类。因此,在未来的长筒石蒜种质资源利用中,其可以作为品系进行开发。进而,在不同的品系中,开发出不同的花型变异类型。
Species included in the genus Lycoris Herb. are important ornamental and medical plants. There are about 20 species around the world. Our country is rich in wild resources of the genus, of which 15 species are native to China. In the first, the research development of Lycoris was summarized in the article, including the research of propagation and artificial cultivation, growth, breeding, chromosome, exploitation and economic value. The studies on the taxonomical systematics of Lycoris were also reviewed, and the problems in which were discussed. The problems in the taxonomical systematics are as follows: (1) the results of cytology are different from that of morphology, but results of karyotype analysis and that of RAPD are same. So it is seem too hard to divide Lycoris two subgenus according to corolla regularity; (2) the views on systematical tree of those species of Lycoris which have fairly more hybrid body are different; (3) the research of Lycoris on the systematical relationship of micro-morphology and anatomy is absent. Furthermore, the studies on the germplasmic resources of Lycoris longituba Y. Hsu et Q. J. Fan was not done, which has goodish economic value. Based on the researching of Lycoris leaf micro-morphology characters by SEM scanning, light microscope viewing and using paraffin method in the article, we try to provide the proofs of experiment to discuss the inter-species relationships on Lycoris. The useful microscope characters were as follows: the arrangement type of palisade tissue; the shape of adaxial epidermis cells; the stomata density; the stomata index; the wax ornamentation of outer stomata ledge. These characters were different among species of Lycoris. So these characters could be used as the characters indexes for differentiating species and studying systematic evolution of Lycoris. According to thirty-six morphological, anatomical, pollen morphological and cytological characters, the cladistic analysis of Lycoris was studied. Combining the results and the fingerprints of Lycoris on RAPD, the classification of Lycoris subgenus was discussed. It was suggestion that the position relation of the stamen and perianth slice could be used as the character for subgenus division. Using RAPD and ISSR, population genetic diversity and flower variation types of Lycoris longituba were also studied. The results were as follows: ① Lycoris longituba had a high level of genetic diversity, but the differentiation among populations of which was low. And the great mass of genetic variance was found within populations, which indicated that Lycoris longituba had strong evolution potential. Therefore, under natural circumstance, Lycoris longituba would not to be in imminent danger. Thus, the breakage of the Lycoris longituba wild germplasm genetic resources mainly came from artificial interference. ②From UPGMA dendrogram using RAPD or ISSR method, three Lycoris longituba types were supported with molecular evidence, which were originally distinguished by flower color. Therefore, in the future use of Lycoris longituba germplasmic resources, different varieties of which could be cultivated.
Species included in the genus Lycoris Herb. are important ornamental and medical plants. There are about 20 species around the world. Our country is rich in wild resources of the genus, of which 15 species are native to China. In the first, the research development of Lycoris was summarized in the article, including the research of propagation and artificial cultivation, growth, breeding, chromosome, exploitation and economic value. The studies on the taxonomical systematics of Lycoris were also reviewed, and the problems in which were discussed. The problems in the taxonomical systematics are as follows: (1) the results of cytology are different from that of morphology, but results of karyotype analysis and that of RAPD are same. So it is seem too hard to divide Lycoris two subgenus according to corolla regularity; (2) the views on systematical tree of those species of Lycoris which have fairly more hybrid body are different; (3) the research of Lycoris on the systematical relationship of micro-morphology and anatomy is absent. Furthermore, the studies on the germplasmic resources of Lycoris longituba Y. Hsu et Q. J. Fan was not done, which has goodish economic value. Based on the researching of Lycoris leaf micro-morphology characters by SEM scanning, light microscope viewing and using paraffin method in the article, we try to provide the proofs of experiment to discuss the inter-species relationships on Lycoris. The useful microscope characters were as follows: the arrangement type of palisade tissue; the shape of adaxial epidermis cells; the stomata density; the stomata index; the wax ornamentation of outer stomata ledge. These characters were different among species of Lycoris. So these characters could be used as the characters indexes for differentiating species and studying systematic evolution of Lycoris. According to thirty-six morphological, anatomical, pollen morphological and cytological characters, the cladistic analysis of Lycoris was studied. Combining the results and the fingerprints of Lycoris on RAPD, the classification of Lycoris subgenus was discussed. It was suggestion that the position relation of the stamen and perianth slice could be used as the character for subgenus division. Using RAPD and ISSR, population genetic diversity and flower variation types of Lycoris longituba were also studied. The results were as follows: ① Lycoris longituba had a high level of genetic diversity, but the differentiation among populations of which was low. And the great mass of genetic variance was found within populations, which indicated that Lycoris longituba had strong evolution potential. Therefore, under natural circumstance, Lycoris longituba would not to be in imminent danger. Thus, the breakage of the Lycoris longituba wild germplasm genetic resources mainly came from artificial interference. ②From UPGMA dendrogram using RAPD or ISSR method, three Lycoris longituba types were supported with molecular evidence, which were originally distinguished by flower color. Therefore, in the future use of Lycoris longituba germplasmic resources, different varieties of which could be cultivated.
引文
[1] 鲍海鸥, 陈波红. 石蒜属植物资源的开发利用[J]. 中国野生植物资源, 2000, 5: 31-32.
[2] 蔡联炳. 鹅观草属部分种的叶表皮微形态特征及其分类学意义[J]. 木本植物研究, 2000, 20(4): 372-380.
[3] 常朝阳, 李思锋. 七筋姑属叶表皮形态特征及其系统学意义[J]. 西北植物学报, 1997, 17(4): 468-473.
[4] 陈进明, 王晶苑, 刘星等. 中华水韭遗传多样性地RAPD 分析[J]. 生物多样性. 2004, 12(3): 348-353.
[5] 陈灵芝(主编).中国的生物多样性―现状及其保护对策[J].北京: 科学出版社, 1993.
[6] 陈耀华, 李懋学. 四种石蒜属植物的染色体核型研究[J]. 园艺学报, 1985, 12(1): 57-60.
[7] 崔永兰, 黄敏仁, 王明庥. 忽地笑(Lycoris aurea)叶片cDNA 文库的构建与分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 28(3): 86-88.
[8] 崔永兰. 石蒜属植物cDNA文库构建与表达序列标签(EST)分析. 南京林业大学博士论文, 2004.
[9] 邓传良, 李湘阳, 周坚. 石蒜单染色体的显微分离及体外扩增[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 26(3): 72-74.
[10] 邓传良, 周坚. 换锦花C-带的初步研究[J]. 生物学杂志, 2004, 21(2): 18-19.
[11] 杜道林, 苏杰, 周鹏等. 香蕉33 个品种的RAPD 研究[J]. 植物学报, 2001, 43(10): 1036-1042.
[12] 方宣钧, 吴为人等编著. 作物DNA标记辅助育种[M].北京: 科学出版社, 2001.
[13] 葛颂, 洪德元. 遗传多样性及其检测方法. 见: 生物多样性研究的原理与方法[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社. 1994, 123-140.
[14] 葛颂. 同工酶和植物进化生物学研究. 见: 陈家宽, 杨继(编著), 植物进化生物学[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 1994, 153-208.
[15] 葛颂. 植物群体遗传结构研究的回顾和展望. 见: 李承森主编, 植物科学进展(第Ⅰ卷)[M], 高等教育出版社. 1997: 1-15.
[16] 葛颂等. 马尾松GOT、LDH 和MDH 同工酶的遗传方式和连锁关系[J]. 植物学报, 1987, 14(6): 428-435.
[17] 杭炎, 金燕, 卢宝荣. 濒危植物华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica)的遗传多样性及其保护[J]. 复旦学报, 2004, 43(2): 260～266.
[18] 何树兰, 束晓春, 姚青菊等. 石蒜的组织培养[J]. 江苏林业科技, 2003, 30(4): 18-20.
[19] 蒋志刚等. 保护生物学(生物多样性研究丛书)[M]. 杭州: 浙江科学技术出版社, 1997.
[20] 金雅琴, 石蒜叶生长规律和内源激素的动态研究[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2002.
[21] 李昂, 葛颂. 植物保护遗传学研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2002, 10(1): 61-67.
[22] 李春香, 杨群, 周建平等. 水杉自然居群遗传多样性的RAPD 研究[J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 38(1): 59-63.
[23] 李海生, 陈桂珠, 施苏华. 海南海桑遗传多样性的ISSR 研究[J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 43(2): 67-71.
[24] 李俊清. 中国水青冈种内种间遗传多样性的初步研究[J]. 生物多样性, 1996, 4(2): 63-68.
[25] 李力等. 青岛耐冬山茶的多样性(Ⅱ)―居群的遗传多样性分析[J]. 生物多样性, 1996, 4(1): 1-6.
[26] 李淑顺, 赵九洲, 袁娥. 几种石蒜属花卉观赏性状的灰色评价[J]. 徐州师范大学学报, 2004, 22(1): 69～72.
[27] 李玉萍, 余丰, 汤庚国. 遮光和栽培密度对石蒜生长及切花品质的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 28(3): 92-94.
[28]李玉萍. 石蒜属植物的繁殖与鲜切花栽培技术的研究[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2002.
[29] 廖文芳, 夏念和, 邓云飞等. 华木莲的遗传多样性研究[J]. 云南植物研究, 2004, 26(1): 58-64.
[30] 林巾箴等. 石蒜属植物的实验分类[J]. 杭州植物园通讯, 1992, 2: 5-11.
[31] 刘杰, 莫结胜, 刘公社等. 向日葵种质资源的随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)研究[J]. 植物学报, 2001, 43(2): 151-157.
[32] 刘万勃, 宋明, 刘富中等. RAPD 和ISSR标记对甜瓜种质遗传多样性的研究[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2002, 10(3): 231-236.
[33] 刘琰, 徐炳声. 石蒜属的核型研究[J]. 植物分类学报, 1989, 27(4): 257—264.
[34] 刘占林, 李珊, 阎桂琴等. 华山新麦草自然居群的遗传结构和种内遗传多态性研究[J]. 遗传学报, 2001, 28(8): 769～777.
[35] 刘占林等. 华山新麦草自然居群的遗传结构和种内遗传多态性研究[J]. 遗传学报, 2001, 28(8): 769-777.
[36] 孟祥栋, 马红, 张卫华. 利用RAPD 技术对葱属品种遗传关系的分析[J]. 生物多样性, 1998, 6(1): 37-41.
[37] 聂刘旺, 张定成等. 安徽产石蒜属植物三种同工酶的分析[J]. 生物学杂志, 2000, 17(3): 19-22.
[38] 庞永珍, 姚剑虹, 申国安等. 转石蒜凝集素基因烟草的抗蚜虫性[J]. 植物学报, 2004, 46(7): 767-772.
[39] 钱韦, 葛颂, 洪德元. 采用RAPD 和ISSR 标记探讨中国疣粒野生稻德遗传多样性[J]. 植物学报, 2000, 42(7): 741-750.
[40] 钱韦, 葛颂. 居群遗传结构研究中显性标记数据分析方法探索[J]. 遗传学报, 2001, 28(3): 244～255.
[41] 秦卫华, 汪恒英, 周守标. 石蒜科6 属6 种植物叶表皮的初步比较研究[J]. 皖西学院学报, 2003, 19(2): 48-51.
[42] 秦卫华, 周守标, 汪恒英等. 石蒜属植物的研究进展[J]. 安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 26(4): 385-390.
[43] 秦卫华. 中国石蒜属植物系统学研究[D]. 安徽师范大学硕士学位论文, 2004.
[44] 邱芳, 伏健民等. 遗传多样性的分子检测[J]. 生物多样性, 1998, 6(2): 143-150.
[45] 邱英雄, 傅承新, 孔航辉. 杨梅不同品种的ISSR分析[J].农业生物技术学报, 2002, 10(4): 343-346.
[46] 任冰如, 贺善安, 於虹等. 用RAPD 技术评估苍术居群间的亲缘关系[J]. 中草药, 2000, 31(6): 458-461.
[47] 任秀芳, 周守标, 郑艳等. 中国石蒜属植物花粉形态的研究[J]. 云南植物研究, 1995, 17(2): 182-186.
[48] 邵建章, 杨积高, 张定成等. 二倍体石蒜在安徽发现[J]. 植物分类学报, 1994, 32(6): 549-552.
[49] 沈浩, 刘登义. 遗传多样性的概述[J]. 生物学杂志, 2001, 16(3): 5-7.
[50] 施立明. 遗传多样性及其保护[J]. 生物科学信息, 1990, (2): 158-164.
[51] 史全良, 诸葛强, 黄敏仁等. 用ITS 序列研究杨属各组之间的系统发育关系[J]. 植物学报, 2001, 43(3): 323～325.
[52] 孙叶根, 郑艳等. 安徽石蒜属4 种植物核型研究[J]. 广西植物, 1998, 18(4): 363—367.
[53] 谭抒. 石蒜属植物切花栽培及保鲜技术研究[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2001.
[54] 万海清, 梁明山, 许介眉. 分子生物学手段在植物系统与进化研究中的应用[J]. 植物学通报, 1998, 15(4): 8-17.
[55] 汪小凡等. 小毛茛居群的遗传分化及其空间隔离的相关性[J]. 生物多样性, 2001, 9(2):138-144.
[56] 汪小全, 邹喻苹, 张大明. RAPD 应用于遗传多样性和系统研究中的问题[J]. 植物学报, 1996, 38(12): 944-952.
[57] 王可青, 葛颂, 董鸣. 根茎禾草沙鞭的等位酶变异及克隆多样性[J]. 植物学报. 1999, 41(5): 537-540.
[58] 王磊, 赵九洲, 汤庚国. 几种植物生长调节剂对石蒜生理生化特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 28(4): 39-42.
[59] 王磊. 石蒜属植物花期调控技术及开花生理研究[D]. 南京林业大学博士论文, 2004.
[60] 王仁师. 关于石蒜属(Lycoris)的生态地理[J]. 西南林学院学报, 1990, 10(1): 41-48.
[61] 王水琦, 林彦铨, 汤浩等. 果蔗种质资源的RAPD 和ISSR分析[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2003, 25(3): 412-417.
[62] 王晓燕, 黄敏仁, 韩正敏. 石蒜属植物中加兰他敏的分离提取及其应用[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版). 2004, 28(4): 79-83.
[63] 王彦华, 侯喜林, 徐明宇. 正交设计优化不结球白菜ISSR 反应体系研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2004, 24(5): 899-902.
[64] 王中仁. 植物等位酶分析[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.
[65] 王中生, 安树青, 冷欣等. 岛屿植物舟山新木姜子居群遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(3): 414-422.
[66] 吴彦, 万安. 石蒜中多糖提取工艺[J]. 安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2004, 10(2): 90-91
[67] 徐炳声, 黄少甫, 赵治芬. 安徽石蒜和中国石蒜染色体核型的分析[J]. 云南植物研究, 1984, 6(1): 79—83.
[68] 徐炳声, 黄少甫等. 长筒石蒜的染色体核型分析[J]. 植物分类学报, 1984, 22(1): 43-45.
[69] 徐炳声, 黄少甫等. 红蓝石蒜和换锦花的染色体核型分析[C]. 南京中山植物园研究论文集, 1981, 15-19.
[70] 徐炳声, 林巾箴, 俞志洲等. 从花粉的生活力和杂交后的结实率评价石蒜属内的种间关系[J]. 遗传学报, 1986, 13(5): 369～376.
[71] 徐炳声, 俞志洲, 林巾箴. 石蒜属概论[J]. 杭州植物园通讯. 1995, (1-2): 47-51.
[72] 徐炳声,黄少甫等. 玫瑰红石蒜的染色体核型分析[J]. 植物分类学报, 1984, 22(1): 46-48.
[73] 徐炳声等. 石蒜Lycoris radiata(L’Her.) Herb. 及其矮小变种Var Pumila Gery 染色体核型的分析[J]. 植物研究, 1984, 4(1): 112-117.
[74] 徐柯, 郑鸣, 曹毅等. 四川麦冬自然居群间RAPD 分析[J]. 中草药, 2002, 33(7): 648-652.
[75] 姚剑虹, 孙小芬, 唐克轩. 石蒜凝集素基因的克隆[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2002, 41(1): 102-105.
[76] 易能君, 王明庥等. 林木群体遗传分化的多元分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报, 1995, 19(4): 7-13.
[77] 喻永红. 中国石蒜属植物叶部微形态特征的研究[D]. 安徽师范大学硕士论文, 2003.
[78] 袁娥. 石蒜属植物快速繁殖技术研究与综合评价[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2003.
[79] 张定成, 孙叶根, 郑艳等. 三倍体换锦化在安徽发现[J]. 植物分类学报, 1999, 37(1): 35-39.
[80] 张富民, 葛颂. 群体遗传学研究中的数据处理方法I. RAPD 数据的AMOVA 分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2002, 10(4): 438～444.
[81] 张露, 蔡友铭等. 石蒜属种间亲缘关系RAPD 分析[J]. 遗传学报, 2002, 29(10): 915-921.
[82] 张露. 石蒜属植物系统发育及快繁技术[D]. 南京林业大学博士论文, 2002.
[83] 张志耘, 温洁. 国产酸浆属(茄科)的叶表皮和种皮特征及其分类学意义[J]. 云南植物研究, 1996: 18(4):419-423.
[84] 张志耘等. 稻属叶表皮结构特征及其系统学意义[J]. 植物分类学报, 1998, 36(1): 8～18
[85] 赵佐成等. 中国苦荞麦及其近缘种的遗传多样性研究[J]. 遗传学报, 2002, 29(8): 723-734.
[86] 郑成木主编. 植物分子标记原理与方法[M]. 湖南科学技术出版社, 2003.
[87] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会编. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985.
[88] 朱锦. 石蒜的组织培养[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2002.
[89] 邹喻苹, 葛颂, 王晓东等. 系统与进化植物学中的分子标记[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001.
[90] Ajibades S. R., Weeden N. F., Chite S. M., 2000. Inter simple sequence repeat analysis of genetic relationships in the genus vigna [J]. Euphytica, 111:47-55.
[91] Akagi H., Yokozeki Y., Inagaki A., et al, 1996. A co-dominant DNA marker closely linked to the rice nuclear restorer gene, Rf-1, identified with inter-SSR fingerprinting [J]. Genome, 39:1205-1209.
[92] Alan W. M., Michael F. F., Charles L. G. et al, 1999. Systematics of Amaryllidaceae based on cladictic analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-F sequence data [J]. American Journal of Botany, 86(9): 1325～1345.
[93] Antonella Pasqualone, Francesco Caponio, Antomio Blanco, 2000. Inter-simple sequence repeat DNA markers for identification of drupes from different Olea europaea L.cultivars [J]. Eur Food Res Technol, 213: 240-243.
[94] Avise J. C., 1994. Molecular markers natural and evolution [M]. New York: Chapman & Hall, Inc.
[95] Barrett S. C., Eckert C. G., 1990. Variation, eolution of mating systems in seed plants [M]. In: Kawano S ed.Bi ological Approaches, Evolutionary Trends in Plants. London: Academic Press, 229-254.
[96] Baurt M. R., Kalin M. et al, 1998. No genetic variation detected within isolated relict populations of Saxifraga cernua in the Alps using RAPD markers [J]. Mol Ecol., 7: 111-115.
[97] Blair M. W., Panaud O., Mc Couch, 1999. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) amplification for analysis of microsatellite motif frequency and fingerprinting in rice (Oryza sativa L.) [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 98: 780-792.
[98] Bose S.. Flory W. S., 1963. A study of phylogeny and of karyotype evolution in Lycoris [J]. Nucleus, 6 (2): 141-156.
[99] Brown A. H., 1978. Isozymes, plant population genetic structure, genetic conservation [J]. Theor Appl Genet., 52: 145-157.
[100] Chung Myong, 1999. Clonnal and spatial genetic structure in a population of the endangered herb Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Amaryllidaceae) [J] Genes&Genetic Systems. 74(2), April., 61-66.
[101] Cronquist A., 1985. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants [M]. Columbia University Press, 1208-1211.
[102] Cui Yonglan, Zhang Xinye, Zhou Yan et al, 2004. Identification and expression analysis of EST-based genes in the bud of Lycoris longituba [J]. Geno. Prot. Bioinfo. 2(1): 42-45.
[103] Depeiges A., Goubely C., Lenoir A., et al. 1995. Identification of the most represented repeated motifs in Arabidopsis thaliana microsatillite loci [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 91:160-168.
[104] Excoffier L., 1993. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) version 1.55. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
[105] Fahima T., Sum G. L., Beharav A. et al, 1999. RAPD polymorphism of wild emmer wheat populations, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 98: 434-447.
[106] Falk D. A. and K. E. Holsinger, 1991. Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants [M]. Oxford University Press, New York.
[107] Falk D. A., Holsinger K. E., 1991. Genetics and conservation of rare plants [M]. New York: Oxford University Press.
[108] Fang D. Q., Krueger R. R., Roose M. L., 1998. Phylogenetics relationships among selected Citrus germplasm accessions revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker[J]. J Amer Soc Hort Sci, 123(4): 612-617.
[109] Fang D. Q., Roose M. L., 1997. Identification of closely related citrus cultivars with inter-simple sequence repeat markers[J]. Theor Appl Genet, 95: 408-417.
[110] Ge S., Hong D. Y. et al, 1998. Population genetic structure and conservation of an endangered conifer, Cathaya argyrophylla (Pinaceae) [J]. International Journal of Plant Science , 159: 351-357.
[111] Goodwin I. D., Aitken E. A. B., Smith L. W., 1997. Application of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to plant genetics [J]. Electrophoresis, 18:1524-1528.
[112] Graham Duncan, 2002. Nerine Gaberonensis (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
[113]Grant V, 1991. The evolutionary Process: A Critical Study of Evolutionary Theory (2nd ed) [M]. New York: Columbia University Press.
[114] Gupta M., Chyi Y. S., Romero-Severson J., et al, 1994. Amplification of DNA markers from evolutionarily diverse genomes using single primers of simple-sequence repeats [J]. Theor. Appl. Genet, 89: 998-1006.
[115] Hamrick J. L., 1987. Gene flow, distribution of genetic variation in plant populations. In: K. Urbanska (ed) Differentiation Patterns in Higher Plants [M]. New York: Academic Press, 53-67
[116] Hamrick J. L., 1989. Isozymes ananysis of genetic structure of plant population. In Soltis D, Soltis P. (eds) Isozymes in Plant Biology [M]. Washington: Dioscorides Press, 87-105
[117] Hamrick J. L. and M. D. Loveless, 1989. Associations between the breeding system and the genetic structure of tropical tree populations. In: J Bock and Y B Linhart (eds.), Evolutionary Ecology of Plants[M]. Westview Press, Boulder, 129-146.
[118] Hamrick J. L. and M. J. W. Godt, 1990. Allozyme diversity in plant species [J]. In Brown, A. H. D., M. T. Clegg, A. L. Kahler and B. S. Weir (eds ). Plant Population Genetics, Breeding , and Genetic Resources[M]. Sunderland: Sinauer, 43-63.
[119] Hogbin P. M., Peakall R., 1999. Evaluation of the contribution of genetic research to the management of the endangered plant Zieria prostrata [J]. Conservation Biology, 13:514-522
[120] Hsu P. S., Kurita S, Yu Z. S., Lin J. Z., 1994. Synopsis of the genus Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. SIDA, 16(2): 301～331.
[121] Huang H. W., Dane F. et al, 1998. Allozyme and RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity and geographic variation in wild population of American chestnut [J]. American Journal of Botany, 85(7): 1013-1021
[122] Huang J. C., Sun M., 2000. Genetic diversity and relationships of sweetpotato and its wild relatives in Ipomoea series Batatas (Convolvulaceae) as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) and restriction analysis of chloroplast DNA [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 100:1050-1060.
[123] Huang J. C., Sun M., 2000. Genetic diversity and relationships of sweetpotato and its wild relatives in Ipomaea series Batatas (Convolvulaceae) as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and restriction analysis of chloroplast DNA [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 100: 1050-1060.
[124 ]Huff D. R., Peakall R. et al, 1993. RAPD variation within and among natural population of outcrossing buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides(Nutt.)Engem) [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 86: 927-934.
[125] Inariyama S., 1953. Cytological studies in Lycoris [J]. Rep Kihara Inst Biol Res (Seiken-jiho), (6): 5-10.
[126] Jones K., 1976. Multiple Robertsonian fusions in the evolution of a plant genus [M]. In: Jones K. Brandham P E ed. Current chromosome Research. Amsterdam: North-Holl and publishing Company. 220-221.
[127] Jones Keith, 1998. Robertsonian fusion and centric fission in karyotype evolution of higher plants[J]. Botanical Review. 64(3): 273-289.
[128] Kim M., Lee S., 1991. A taxonomical study of the Korean Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 21(2): 123-139.
[129] Kurita S., Hsu P-S, 1996. Hybrid complex in Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. American Journal of Botany, Abstracts Supplement, 83(6): 207.
[130] Kurita Siro, 1985. Geocilinal change in the pollen ornamentation of Lycoris sanguinea Maxim. var. sanguinea[J]. J. Jap. Bot., 60: 275-279.
[131] Kurita Siro, 1988. Variation and Evolution in the Karyotype of Lycoris, Amaryllidaceae VII. Modes of karyotype alteration within species and probable trend of karyoptype evolution in the genus[J]. Cytologia, 53: 323-335.
[132] Kurita Shiro and Hsu Ping Sheng, 1998. Cytological patterns in the Sino – Japanese flora: Hybrid complexes in Lycoris, Amaryllidaceae[J]. Univ. Mus., Univ. Tokyo, Bull. 37: 171-180
[133] Lee Byong-Soon , Kim Mu-Yeo, 2000. Chromosomal localization of rDNA genes in the Korean endemic Lycoris flavescens M. Kim et S. Lee and its related species (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Korean Journal of Genetics. 22(1): 11-17.
[134] Lee N-S, et al, 2001. Isozyme evidence for the allotriploid origin of Lycoris flavesces(Amaryllidaceae) [J] Plant Syst. Evol. 227: 227-234.
[135] Levin D. A., Kerster H. W., 1974. Gene flow in seed plants [J]. Evol Biol., 7: 139-220
[136] Levins R, 1963. Theory of fitness in a heterogeneous environment (Ⅱ). Developmental flexibility, niche selection [J]. Amer Natur., 97: 75-90.
[137] Li Hai-Sheng, Chen Gui-Zhu, 2004. Genetic diversity of Sonneratia alba in China detected by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis. Acta Botanica Sinica , 46(5): 515-521.
[138] Loveless M. P., Hamrick J. L., 1984. Ecological determinant of genetic structure in plant populations[J]. Ann Rev Ecol Syst., 15: 65-95.
[139] Mark P., Miller, 2000. A windows program for the analysis of allozyme and molecular population genetic data (TFPGA). Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University.
[140] Mayr E, 1963. Animal Species, Evolution [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
[141] Meerow A. W., Fay M. F., Guy C. L. et al, 1999. Systematics of Amaryllidaceae based on cladictic analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-F sequence data [J]. American Journal of Botany, 86(9): 1325-1345.
[142] Meerow A. W., Snijman D. A., 2001. Phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae tribe Amaryllideae based on nrDNA ITS sequences and morphology [J]. American Journal of Botany, 88(12): 2321-2330.
[143] Meffe G. K., C. R . Carroll, 1994. Princeples of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Masschusetts.
[144] Merrell D J, 1991. 黄瑞复等译.生态遗传学.北京: 科学出版社.
[145] Millar C. L. and W. J. Libby, 1991. Strategies for conserving clinal, ccotypic, and disjunct population diversity in widespread species. In Falk, D. A. and K. E. Holsinger (eds.). Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants. New York: Oxford University Press, 149-170.
[146] Moreno, Martin J. P., Oritiz J. M., 1998. Inter simple sequence repeat PCR for characterization of closely related grapevine germplasm [J]. Euphytica, 101: 117-125.
[147] Morgante M., Olivieri A. M., 1993. PCR-amplified microsatellite markers in plant genetics [J]. Plant J, 3:175-182.
[148] Moritz C, Hillis D, 1990. Molecular systematics: context and controversies. Molecular systematics, sunderland: Sinauer, 1-11.
[149] Myong Chung, 1999. Clonal and spatial genetic structure in a population of the endangered herb Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Genes & Genetics Systems, 74(2): 61～66.
[150] Myong Gi Chung, 1999. Notes on allozyme variation in Lycoris radiata (Amaryllidaceae) from Korea [J]. Bot. Bull. Acal. Sin, 40: 227-230.
[151] Myong Gi Chung, 1999. Allozyme diversity in the endangered herb Lycoris sanguinea var. korenea (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Annales Botanici Fennici. 36(1): 1-7.
[152] Nesbitt K. A, Potts B. M., et al, 1995. Partitioning and distribution of RAPD variation in a forest tree species, Eucalyptus glbulus (Myrtaceae) [J]. Heredity, 74: 628-637.
[153] Park Y. J., Her B.G., Jeong S.Y., Jeong J. H., An M. S., 1998. Effective and economical propagation method of Lycoris squmigera native to Korea [J]. Korea Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 16(2): 242-243.
[154] Pomper Kirk W., Crabtree Sheri B., Brown Shawn P. et al, 2003. Assessment of genetic diversity of pawpaw (Asimina triloba) cultivars with intersimple sequence repeat markers [J].J.Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 128(4): 521-525.
[155] Qian W., Ge S., Hong D. Y., 2001. Genetic variation within and among populations of a wild rice Oryza granulata from China detected by RAPD and ISSR markers [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 102: 440-449.
[156] Schaal B. A., D. A. Hayworth, K. M. Olsem, J. T. Rauscher and W. A. Smith, 1998. Phylogeographic studies in plants: problems and prospects. Molecular Ecology, 7: 465-474.
[157] Slatkin M., 1985. Rare alleles as indicators of gene flow [J]. Evolution, 39: 53-65.
[158] Slatkin M., 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of populations[J]. Science, 236: 787-792.
[159] Soltis P. S., Soltis D. E., 1991. Genetic variation in endemic and widespread plant species: examples from Saxifragceae and polystichum. Aliso, 13: 215-223.
[160] Stace C. A., 1984. The taxomomic importance of the leaf surface [M]. Heywod V H, Moore D M, eds. Current concepts in plant taxonomy. London: Academic Press, 67-94.
[161] Stebbins G. L, 1971. Chromosomel evolution in Higer plants [M]. Ltd London: Edward Arnold (publishers).
[162]Sun M., Wong K. C., 2001. Genetic structure of three Orchid species with contrasting breeding systems using RAPD and allozyme markers [J]. American Journal of Botany, 88(12): 2180-2188.
[163] Swofford D. L., 2000. PAUP* Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and other methods). Version 4.0b4a. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
[164] Tae Kyoung-Howan and Sung-Chul Ko, 1996. A taxomomic study on the genus Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 26(1): 19-35.
[165] Tae Kyoung-Howan and Sung-Chul Ko, 1998. Relationship of the korean lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) using the RAPDs analysis [J]. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 27(3): 349-358.
[166] Tanksley S. D., Mocouch S. R., 1997. Seed banks and molecular maps: unlocking genetic potential from the wild[J]. Science, 277: 1063-1066.
[167] Torrecilla P, Lo ′pez Rodry ′guez J-A, Stancik D, 2003. Systematics of Festuca L. sects. Eskia Willk., Pseudatropis Kriv., Amphigenes (Janka)Tzvel., Pseudoscariosa Kriv. and Scariosae Hack.based on analysis of morphological characters and DNA sequences[J]. Plant Syst. Evol. 239: 113-139.
[168] Whitkus R., M. de la Cruz, L. Mota-Bravo et al, 1998. Genetic diversity and relationships of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in southern Mexico. Theor Appl Genet, 96: 621-627.
[169] Wolff K., E. Zietkiewicz & H. Hofstra, 1995. Identification of chrysanthemum cultivars and stability of DNA fingerprint patterns[J]. Theor. Appl. Genet., 91:439-447.
[170] Wolff K., E. Zietkiewicz & H. Hofstra, 1995. Identification of chrysanthemum cultivars and stability of DNA fingerprint patterns[J]. Theor. Appl. Genet, 91: 439-447.
[171] Wotomi Ito, 1999. Phylogenetic relationship of Amaryllidaceae based on matK sequence data[J]. Journal of Plant Research, 112: 207-216.
[172] Xie L., Li L. Q., Zhang D. M., 2004. Assessment of genetic variation and distribution pattern of Thalictrum petaloideum detected by RAPDs [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 46(2): 165-170.
[173] Yeh F. C., Yang R. C., Boyle T. B. J. et al, 1997. POPGENE, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
[174] Zietkiwicz E., A. Rafalshi & D. Labuda, 1994. Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat(SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification[J]. Genomics, 20: 176-183.
[2] 蔡联炳. 鹅观草属部分种的叶表皮微形态特征及其分类学意义[J]. 木本植物研究, 2000, 20(4): 372-380.
[3] 常朝阳, 李思锋. 七筋姑属叶表皮形态特征及其系统学意义[J]. 西北植物学报, 1997, 17(4): 468-473.
[4] 陈进明, 王晶苑, 刘星等. 中华水韭遗传多样性地RAPD 分析[J]. 生物多样性. 2004, 12(3): 348-353.
[5] 陈灵芝(主编).中国的生物多样性―现状及其保护对策[J].北京: 科学出版社, 1993.
[6] 陈耀华, 李懋学. 四种石蒜属植物的染色体核型研究[J]. 园艺学报, 1985, 12(1): 57-60.
[7] 崔永兰, 黄敏仁, 王明庥. 忽地笑(Lycoris aurea)叶片cDNA 文库的构建与分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 28(3): 86-88.
[8] 崔永兰. 石蒜属植物cDNA文库构建与表达序列标签(EST)分析. 南京林业大学博士论文, 2004.
[9] 邓传良, 李湘阳, 周坚. 石蒜单染色体的显微分离及体外扩增[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 26(3): 72-74.
[10] 邓传良, 周坚. 换锦花C-带的初步研究[J]. 生物学杂志, 2004, 21(2): 18-19.
[11] 杜道林, 苏杰, 周鹏等. 香蕉33 个品种的RAPD 研究[J]. 植物学报, 2001, 43(10): 1036-1042.
[12] 方宣钧, 吴为人等编著. 作物DNA标记辅助育种[M].北京: 科学出版社, 2001.
[13] 葛颂, 洪德元. 遗传多样性及其检测方法. 见: 生物多样性研究的原理与方法[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社. 1994, 123-140.
[14] 葛颂. 同工酶和植物进化生物学研究. 见: 陈家宽, 杨继(编著), 植物进化生物学[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 1994, 153-208.
[15] 葛颂. 植物群体遗传结构研究的回顾和展望. 见: 李承森主编, 植物科学进展(第Ⅰ卷)[M], 高等教育出版社. 1997: 1-15.
[16] 葛颂等. 马尾松GOT、LDH 和MDH 同工酶的遗传方式和连锁关系[J]. 植物学报, 1987, 14(6): 428-435.
[17] 杭炎, 金燕, 卢宝荣. 濒危植物华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica)的遗传多样性及其保护[J]. 复旦学报, 2004, 43(2): 260～266.
[18] 何树兰, 束晓春, 姚青菊等. 石蒜的组织培养[J]. 江苏林业科技, 2003, 30(4): 18-20.
[19] 蒋志刚等. 保护生物学(生物多样性研究丛书)[M]. 杭州: 浙江科学技术出版社, 1997.
[20] 金雅琴, 石蒜叶生长规律和内源激素的动态研究[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2002.
[21] 李昂, 葛颂. 植物保护遗传学研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2002, 10(1): 61-67.
[22] 李春香, 杨群, 周建平等. 水杉自然居群遗传多样性的RAPD 研究[J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 38(1): 59-63.
[23] 李海生, 陈桂珠, 施苏华. 海南海桑遗传多样性的ISSR 研究[J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 43(2): 67-71.
[24] 李俊清. 中国水青冈种内种间遗传多样性的初步研究[J]. 生物多样性, 1996, 4(2): 63-68.
[25] 李力等. 青岛耐冬山茶的多样性(Ⅱ)―居群的遗传多样性分析[J]. 生物多样性, 1996, 4(1): 1-6.
[26] 李淑顺, 赵九洲, 袁娥. 几种石蒜属花卉观赏性状的灰色评价[J]. 徐州师范大学学报, 2004, 22(1): 69～72.
[27] 李玉萍, 余丰, 汤庚国. 遮光和栽培密度对石蒜生长及切花品质的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 28(3): 92-94.
[28]李玉萍. 石蒜属植物的繁殖与鲜切花栽培技术的研究[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2002.
[29] 廖文芳, 夏念和, 邓云飞等. 华木莲的遗传多样性研究[J]. 云南植物研究, 2004, 26(1): 58-64.
[30] 林巾箴等. 石蒜属植物的实验分类[J]. 杭州植物园通讯, 1992, 2: 5-11.
[31] 刘杰, 莫结胜, 刘公社等. 向日葵种质资源的随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)研究[J]. 植物学报, 2001, 43(2): 151-157.
[32] 刘万勃, 宋明, 刘富中等. RAPD 和ISSR标记对甜瓜种质遗传多样性的研究[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2002, 10(3): 231-236.
[33] 刘琰, 徐炳声. 石蒜属的核型研究[J]. 植物分类学报, 1989, 27(4): 257—264.
[34] 刘占林, 李珊, 阎桂琴等. 华山新麦草自然居群的遗传结构和种内遗传多态性研究[J]. 遗传学报, 2001, 28(8): 769～777.
[35] 刘占林等. 华山新麦草自然居群的遗传结构和种内遗传多态性研究[J]. 遗传学报, 2001, 28(8): 769-777.
[36] 孟祥栋, 马红, 张卫华. 利用RAPD 技术对葱属品种遗传关系的分析[J]. 生物多样性, 1998, 6(1): 37-41.
[37] 聂刘旺, 张定成等. 安徽产石蒜属植物三种同工酶的分析[J]. 生物学杂志, 2000, 17(3): 19-22.
[38] 庞永珍, 姚剑虹, 申国安等. 转石蒜凝集素基因烟草的抗蚜虫性[J]. 植物学报, 2004, 46(7): 767-772.
[39] 钱韦, 葛颂, 洪德元. 采用RAPD 和ISSR 标记探讨中国疣粒野生稻德遗传多样性[J]. 植物学报, 2000, 42(7): 741-750.
[40] 钱韦, 葛颂. 居群遗传结构研究中显性标记数据分析方法探索[J]. 遗传学报, 2001, 28(3): 244～255.
[41] 秦卫华, 汪恒英, 周守标. 石蒜科6 属6 种植物叶表皮的初步比较研究[J]. 皖西学院学报, 2003, 19(2): 48-51.
[42] 秦卫华, 周守标, 汪恒英等. 石蒜属植物的研究进展[J]. 安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 26(4): 385-390.
[43] 秦卫华. 中国石蒜属植物系统学研究[D]. 安徽师范大学硕士学位论文, 2004.
[44] 邱芳, 伏健民等. 遗传多样性的分子检测[J]. 生物多样性, 1998, 6(2): 143-150.
[45] 邱英雄, 傅承新, 孔航辉. 杨梅不同品种的ISSR分析[J].农业生物技术学报, 2002, 10(4): 343-346.
[46] 任冰如, 贺善安, 於虹等. 用RAPD 技术评估苍术居群间的亲缘关系[J]. 中草药, 2000, 31(6): 458-461.
[47] 任秀芳, 周守标, 郑艳等. 中国石蒜属植物花粉形态的研究[J]. 云南植物研究, 1995, 17(2): 182-186.
[48] 邵建章, 杨积高, 张定成等. 二倍体石蒜在安徽发现[J]. 植物分类学报, 1994, 32(6): 549-552.
[49] 沈浩, 刘登义. 遗传多样性的概述[J]. 生物学杂志, 2001, 16(3): 5-7.
[50] 施立明. 遗传多样性及其保护[J]. 生物科学信息, 1990, (2): 158-164.
[51] 史全良, 诸葛强, 黄敏仁等. 用ITS 序列研究杨属各组之间的系统发育关系[J]. 植物学报, 2001, 43(3): 323～325.
[52] 孙叶根, 郑艳等. 安徽石蒜属4 种植物核型研究[J]. 广西植物, 1998, 18(4): 363—367.
[53] 谭抒. 石蒜属植物切花栽培及保鲜技术研究[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2001.
[54] 万海清, 梁明山, 许介眉. 分子生物学手段在植物系统与进化研究中的应用[J]. 植物学通报, 1998, 15(4): 8-17.
[55] 汪小凡等. 小毛茛居群的遗传分化及其空间隔离的相关性[J]. 生物多样性, 2001, 9(2):138-144.
[56] 汪小全, 邹喻苹, 张大明. RAPD 应用于遗传多样性和系统研究中的问题[J]. 植物学报, 1996, 38(12): 944-952.
[57] 王可青, 葛颂, 董鸣. 根茎禾草沙鞭的等位酶变异及克隆多样性[J]. 植物学报. 1999, 41(5): 537-540.
[58] 王磊, 赵九洲, 汤庚国. 几种植物生长调节剂对石蒜生理生化特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 28(4): 39-42.
[59] 王磊. 石蒜属植物花期调控技术及开花生理研究[D]. 南京林业大学博士论文, 2004.
[60] 王仁师. 关于石蒜属(Lycoris)的生态地理[J]. 西南林学院学报, 1990, 10(1): 41-48.
[61] 王水琦, 林彦铨, 汤浩等. 果蔗种质资源的RAPD 和ISSR分析[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2003, 25(3): 412-417.
[62] 王晓燕, 黄敏仁, 韩正敏. 石蒜属植物中加兰他敏的分离提取及其应用[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版). 2004, 28(4): 79-83.
[63] 王彦华, 侯喜林, 徐明宇. 正交设计优化不结球白菜ISSR 反应体系研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2004, 24(5): 899-902.
[64] 王中仁. 植物等位酶分析[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996.
[65] 王中生, 安树青, 冷欣等. 岛屿植物舟山新木姜子居群遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(3): 414-422.
[66] 吴彦, 万安. 石蒜中多糖提取工艺[J]. 安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2004, 10(2): 90-91
[67] 徐炳声, 黄少甫, 赵治芬. 安徽石蒜和中国石蒜染色体核型的分析[J]. 云南植物研究, 1984, 6(1): 79—83.
[68] 徐炳声, 黄少甫等. 长筒石蒜的染色体核型分析[J]. 植物分类学报, 1984, 22(1): 43-45.
[69] 徐炳声, 黄少甫等. 红蓝石蒜和换锦花的染色体核型分析[C]. 南京中山植物园研究论文集, 1981, 15-19.
[70] 徐炳声, 林巾箴, 俞志洲等. 从花粉的生活力和杂交后的结实率评价石蒜属内的种间关系[J]. 遗传学报, 1986, 13(5): 369～376.
[71] 徐炳声, 俞志洲, 林巾箴. 石蒜属概论[J]. 杭州植物园通讯. 1995, (1-2): 47-51.
[72] 徐炳声,黄少甫等. 玫瑰红石蒜的染色体核型分析[J]. 植物分类学报, 1984, 22(1): 46-48.
[73] 徐炳声等. 石蒜Lycoris radiata(L’Her.) Herb. 及其矮小变种Var Pumila Gery 染色体核型的分析[J]. 植物研究, 1984, 4(1): 112-117.
[74] 徐柯, 郑鸣, 曹毅等. 四川麦冬自然居群间RAPD 分析[J]. 中草药, 2002, 33(7): 648-652.
[75] 姚剑虹, 孙小芬, 唐克轩. 石蒜凝集素基因的克隆[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2002, 41(1): 102-105.
[76] 易能君, 王明庥等. 林木群体遗传分化的多元分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报, 1995, 19(4): 7-13.
[77] 喻永红. 中国石蒜属植物叶部微形态特征的研究[D]. 安徽师范大学硕士论文, 2003.
[78] 袁娥. 石蒜属植物快速繁殖技术研究与综合评价[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2003.
[79] 张定成, 孙叶根, 郑艳等. 三倍体换锦化在安徽发现[J]. 植物分类学报, 1999, 37(1): 35-39.
[80] 张富民, 葛颂. 群体遗传学研究中的数据处理方法I. RAPD 数据的AMOVA 分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2002, 10(4): 438～444.
[81] 张露, 蔡友铭等. 石蒜属种间亲缘关系RAPD 分析[J]. 遗传学报, 2002, 29(10): 915-921.
[82] 张露. 石蒜属植物系统发育及快繁技术[D]. 南京林业大学博士论文, 2002.
[83] 张志耘, 温洁. 国产酸浆属(茄科)的叶表皮和种皮特征及其分类学意义[J]. 云南植物研究, 1996: 18(4):419-423.
[84] 张志耘等. 稻属叶表皮结构特征及其系统学意义[J]. 植物分类学报, 1998, 36(1): 8～18
[85] 赵佐成等. 中国苦荞麦及其近缘种的遗传多样性研究[J]. 遗传学报, 2002, 29(8): 723-734.
[86] 郑成木主编. 植物分子标记原理与方法[M]. 湖南科学技术出版社, 2003.
[87] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会编. 中国植物志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985.
[88] 朱锦. 石蒜的组织培养[D]. 南京林业大学硕士论文, 2002.
[89] 邹喻苹, 葛颂, 王晓东等. 系统与进化植物学中的分子标记[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2001.
[90] Ajibades S. R., Weeden N. F., Chite S. M., 2000. Inter simple sequence repeat analysis of genetic relationships in the genus vigna [J]. Euphytica, 111:47-55.
[91] Akagi H., Yokozeki Y., Inagaki A., et al, 1996. A co-dominant DNA marker closely linked to the rice nuclear restorer gene, Rf-1, identified with inter-SSR fingerprinting [J]. Genome, 39:1205-1209.
[92] Alan W. M., Michael F. F., Charles L. G. et al, 1999. Systematics of Amaryllidaceae based on cladictic analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-F sequence data [J]. American Journal of Botany, 86(9): 1325～1345.
[93] Antonella Pasqualone, Francesco Caponio, Antomio Blanco, 2000. Inter-simple sequence repeat DNA markers for identification of drupes from different Olea europaea L.cultivars [J]. Eur Food Res Technol, 213: 240-243.
[94] Avise J. C., 1994. Molecular markers natural and evolution [M]. New York: Chapman & Hall, Inc.
[95] Barrett S. C., Eckert C. G., 1990. Variation, eolution of mating systems in seed plants [M]. In: Kawano S ed.Bi ological Approaches, Evolutionary Trends in Plants. London: Academic Press, 229-254.
[96] Baurt M. R., Kalin M. et al, 1998. No genetic variation detected within isolated relict populations of Saxifraga cernua in the Alps using RAPD markers [J]. Mol Ecol., 7: 111-115.
[97] Blair M. W., Panaud O., Mc Couch, 1999. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) amplification for analysis of microsatellite motif frequency and fingerprinting in rice (Oryza sativa L.) [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 98: 780-792.
[98] Bose S.. Flory W. S., 1963. A study of phylogeny and of karyotype evolution in Lycoris [J]. Nucleus, 6 (2): 141-156.
[99] Brown A. H., 1978. Isozymes, plant population genetic structure, genetic conservation [J]. Theor Appl Genet., 52: 145-157.
[100] Chung Myong, 1999. Clonnal and spatial genetic structure in a population of the endangered herb Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Amaryllidaceae) [J] Genes&Genetic Systems. 74(2), April., 61-66.
[101] Cronquist A., 1985. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants [M]. Columbia University Press, 1208-1211.
[102] Cui Yonglan, Zhang Xinye, Zhou Yan et al, 2004. Identification and expression analysis of EST-based genes in the bud of Lycoris longituba [J]. Geno. Prot. Bioinfo. 2(1): 42-45.
[103] Depeiges A., Goubely C., Lenoir A., et al. 1995. Identification of the most represented repeated motifs in Arabidopsis thaliana microsatillite loci [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 91:160-168.
[104] Excoffier L., 1993. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) version 1.55. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
[105] Fahima T., Sum G. L., Beharav A. et al, 1999. RAPD polymorphism of wild emmer wheat populations, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 98: 434-447.
[106] Falk D. A. and K. E. Holsinger, 1991. Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants [M]. Oxford University Press, New York.
[107] Falk D. A., Holsinger K. E., 1991. Genetics and conservation of rare plants [M]. New York: Oxford University Press.
[108] Fang D. Q., Krueger R. R., Roose M. L., 1998. Phylogenetics relationships among selected Citrus germplasm accessions revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker[J]. J Amer Soc Hort Sci, 123(4): 612-617.
[109] Fang D. Q., Roose M. L., 1997. Identification of closely related citrus cultivars with inter-simple sequence repeat markers[J]. Theor Appl Genet, 95: 408-417.
[110] Ge S., Hong D. Y. et al, 1998. Population genetic structure and conservation of an endangered conifer, Cathaya argyrophylla (Pinaceae) [J]. International Journal of Plant Science , 159: 351-357.
[111] Goodwin I. D., Aitken E. A. B., Smith L. W., 1997. Application of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to plant genetics [J]. Electrophoresis, 18:1524-1528.
[112] Graham Duncan, 2002. Nerine Gaberonensis (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
[113]Grant V, 1991. The evolutionary Process: A Critical Study of Evolutionary Theory (2nd ed) [M]. New York: Columbia University Press.
[114] Gupta M., Chyi Y. S., Romero-Severson J., et al, 1994. Amplification of DNA markers from evolutionarily diverse genomes using single primers of simple-sequence repeats [J]. Theor. Appl. Genet, 89: 998-1006.
[115] Hamrick J. L., 1987. Gene flow, distribution of genetic variation in plant populations. In: K. Urbanska (ed) Differentiation Patterns in Higher Plants [M]. New York: Academic Press, 53-67
[116] Hamrick J. L., 1989. Isozymes ananysis of genetic structure of plant population. In Soltis D, Soltis P. (eds) Isozymes in Plant Biology [M]. Washington: Dioscorides Press, 87-105
[117] Hamrick J. L. and M. D. Loveless, 1989. Associations between the breeding system and the genetic structure of tropical tree populations. In: J Bock and Y B Linhart (eds.), Evolutionary Ecology of Plants[M]. Westview Press, Boulder, 129-146.
[118] Hamrick J. L. and M. J. W. Godt, 1990. Allozyme diversity in plant species [J]. In Brown, A. H. D., M. T. Clegg, A. L. Kahler and B. S. Weir (eds ). Plant Population Genetics, Breeding , and Genetic Resources[M]. Sunderland: Sinauer, 43-63.
[119] Hogbin P. M., Peakall R., 1999. Evaluation of the contribution of genetic research to the management of the endangered plant Zieria prostrata [J]. Conservation Biology, 13:514-522
[120] Hsu P. S., Kurita S, Yu Z. S., Lin J. Z., 1994. Synopsis of the genus Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. SIDA, 16(2): 301～331.
[121] Huang H. W., Dane F. et al, 1998. Allozyme and RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity and geographic variation in wild population of American chestnut [J]. American Journal of Botany, 85(7): 1013-1021
[122] Huang J. C., Sun M., 2000. Genetic diversity and relationships of sweetpotato and its wild relatives in Ipomoea series Batatas (Convolvulaceae) as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) and restriction analysis of chloroplast DNA [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 100:1050-1060.
[123] Huang J. C., Sun M., 2000. Genetic diversity and relationships of sweetpotato and its wild relatives in Ipomaea series Batatas (Convolvulaceae) as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and restriction analysis of chloroplast DNA [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 100: 1050-1060.
[124 ]Huff D. R., Peakall R. et al, 1993. RAPD variation within and among natural population of outcrossing buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides(Nutt.)Engem) [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 86: 927-934.
[125] Inariyama S., 1953. Cytological studies in Lycoris [J]. Rep Kihara Inst Biol Res (Seiken-jiho), (6): 5-10.
[126] Jones K., 1976. Multiple Robertsonian fusions in the evolution of a plant genus [M]. In: Jones K. Brandham P E ed. Current chromosome Research. Amsterdam: North-Holl and publishing Company. 220-221.
[127] Jones Keith, 1998. Robertsonian fusion and centric fission in karyotype evolution of higher plants[J]. Botanical Review. 64(3): 273-289.
[128] Kim M., Lee S., 1991. A taxonomical study of the Korean Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 21(2): 123-139.
[129] Kurita S., Hsu P-S, 1996. Hybrid complex in Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. American Journal of Botany, Abstracts Supplement, 83(6): 207.
[130] Kurita Siro, 1985. Geocilinal change in the pollen ornamentation of Lycoris sanguinea Maxim. var. sanguinea[J]. J. Jap. Bot., 60: 275-279.
[131] Kurita Siro, 1988. Variation and Evolution in the Karyotype of Lycoris, Amaryllidaceae VII. Modes of karyotype alteration within species and probable trend of karyoptype evolution in the genus[J]. Cytologia, 53: 323-335.
[132] Kurita Shiro and Hsu Ping Sheng, 1998. Cytological patterns in the Sino – Japanese flora: Hybrid complexes in Lycoris, Amaryllidaceae[J]. Univ. Mus., Univ. Tokyo, Bull. 37: 171-180
[133] Lee Byong-Soon , Kim Mu-Yeo, 2000. Chromosomal localization of rDNA genes in the Korean endemic Lycoris flavescens M. Kim et S. Lee and its related species (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Korean Journal of Genetics. 22(1): 11-17.
[134] Lee N-S, et al, 2001. Isozyme evidence for the allotriploid origin of Lycoris flavesces(Amaryllidaceae) [J] Plant Syst. Evol. 227: 227-234.
[135] Levin D. A., Kerster H. W., 1974. Gene flow in seed plants [J]. Evol Biol., 7: 139-220
[136] Levins R, 1963. Theory of fitness in a heterogeneous environment (Ⅱ). Developmental flexibility, niche selection [J]. Amer Natur., 97: 75-90.
[137] Li Hai-Sheng, Chen Gui-Zhu, 2004. Genetic diversity of Sonneratia alba in China detected by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis. Acta Botanica Sinica , 46(5): 515-521.
[138] Loveless M. P., Hamrick J. L., 1984. Ecological determinant of genetic structure in plant populations[J]. Ann Rev Ecol Syst., 15: 65-95.
[139] Mark P., Miller, 2000. A windows program for the analysis of allozyme and molecular population genetic data (TFPGA). Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University.
[140] Mayr E, 1963. Animal Species, Evolution [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
[141] Meerow A. W., Fay M. F., Guy C. L. et al, 1999. Systematics of Amaryllidaceae based on cladictic analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-F sequence data [J]. American Journal of Botany, 86(9): 1325-1345.
[142] Meerow A. W., Snijman D. A., 2001. Phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae tribe Amaryllideae based on nrDNA ITS sequences and morphology [J]. American Journal of Botany, 88(12): 2321-2330.
[143] Meffe G. K., C. R . Carroll, 1994. Princeples of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Masschusetts.
[144] Merrell D J, 1991. 黄瑞复等译.生态遗传学.北京: 科学出版社.
[145] Millar C. L. and W. J. Libby, 1991. Strategies for conserving clinal, ccotypic, and disjunct population diversity in widespread species. In Falk, D. A. and K. E. Holsinger (eds.). Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants. New York: Oxford University Press, 149-170.
[146] Moreno, Martin J. P., Oritiz J. M., 1998. Inter simple sequence repeat PCR for characterization of closely related grapevine germplasm [J]. Euphytica, 101: 117-125.
[147] Morgante M., Olivieri A. M., 1993. PCR-amplified microsatellite markers in plant genetics [J]. Plant J, 3:175-182.
[148] Moritz C, Hillis D, 1990. Molecular systematics: context and controversies. Molecular systematics, sunderland: Sinauer, 1-11.
[149] Myong Chung, 1999. Clonal and spatial genetic structure in a population of the endangered herb Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Genes & Genetics Systems, 74(2): 61～66.
[150] Myong Gi Chung, 1999. Notes on allozyme variation in Lycoris radiata (Amaryllidaceae) from Korea [J]. Bot. Bull. Acal. Sin, 40: 227-230.
[151] Myong Gi Chung, 1999. Allozyme diversity in the endangered herb Lycoris sanguinea var. korenea (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Annales Botanici Fennici. 36(1): 1-7.
[152] Nesbitt K. A, Potts B. M., et al, 1995. Partitioning and distribution of RAPD variation in a forest tree species, Eucalyptus glbulus (Myrtaceae) [J]. Heredity, 74: 628-637.
[153] Park Y. J., Her B.G., Jeong S.Y., Jeong J. H., An M. S., 1998. Effective and economical propagation method of Lycoris squmigera native to Korea [J]. Korea Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 16(2): 242-243.
[154] Pomper Kirk W., Crabtree Sheri B., Brown Shawn P. et al, 2003. Assessment of genetic diversity of pawpaw (Asimina triloba) cultivars with intersimple sequence repeat markers [J].J.Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 128(4): 521-525.
[155] Qian W., Ge S., Hong D. Y., 2001. Genetic variation within and among populations of a wild rice Oryza granulata from China detected by RAPD and ISSR markers [J]. Theor Appl Genet, 102: 440-449.
[156] Schaal B. A., D. A. Hayworth, K. M. Olsem, J. T. Rauscher and W. A. Smith, 1998. Phylogeographic studies in plants: problems and prospects. Molecular Ecology, 7: 465-474.
[157] Slatkin M., 1985. Rare alleles as indicators of gene flow [J]. Evolution, 39: 53-65.
[158] Slatkin M., 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of populations[J]. Science, 236: 787-792.
[159] Soltis P. S., Soltis D. E., 1991. Genetic variation in endemic and widespread plant species: examples from Saxifragceae and polystichum. Aliso, 13: 215-223.
[160] Stace C. A., 1984. The taxomomic importance of the leaf surface [M]. Heywod V H, Moore D M, eds. Current concepts in plant taxonomy. London: Academic Press, 67-94.
[161] Stebbins G. L, 1971. Chromosomel evolution in Higer plants [M]. Ltd London: Edward Arnold (publishers).
[162]Sun M., Wong K. C., 2001. Genetic structure of three Orchid species with contrasting breeding systems using RAPD and allozyme markers [J]. American Journal of Botany, 88(12): 2180-2188.
[163] Swofford D. L., 2000. PAUP* Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and other methods). Version 4.0b4a. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
[164] Tae Kyoung-Howan and Sung-Chul Ko, 1996. A taxomomic study on the genus Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) [J]. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 26(1): 19-35.
[165] Tae Kyoung-Howan and Sung-Chul Ko, 1998. Relationship of the korean lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) using the RAPDs analysis [J]. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 27(3): 349-358.
[166] Tanksley S. D., Mocouch S. R., 1997. Seed banks and molecular maps: unlocking genetic potential from the wild[J]. Science, 277: 1063-1066.
[167] Torrecilla P, Lo ′pez Rodry ′guez J-A, Stancik D, 2003. Systematics of Festuca L. sects. Eskia Willk., Pseudatropis Kriv., Amphigenes (Janka)Tzvel., Pseudoscariosa Kriv. and Scariosae Hack.based on analysis of morphological characters and DNA sequences[J]. Plant Syst. Evol. 239: 113-139.
[168] Whitkus R., M. de la Cruz, L. Mota-Bravo et al, 1998. Genetic diversity and relationships of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in southern Mexico. Theor Appl Genet, 96: 621-627.
[169] Wolff K., E. Zietkiewicz & H. Hofstra, 1995. Identification of chrysanthemum cultivars and stability of DNA fingerprint patterns[J]. Theor. Appl. Genet., 91:439-447.
[170] Wolff K., E. Zietkiewicz & H. Hofstra, 1995. Identification of chrysanthemum cultivars and stability of DNA fingerprint patterns[J]. Theor. Appl. Genet, 91: 439-447.
[171] Wotomi Ito, 1999. Phylogenetic relationship of Amaryllidaceae based on matK sequence data[J]. Journal of Plant Research, 112: 207-216.
[172] Xie L., Li L. Q., Zhang D. M., 2004. Assessment of genetic variation and distribution pattern of Thalictrum petaloideum detected by RAPDs [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 46(2): 165-170.
[173] Yeh F. C., Yang R. C., Boyle T. B. J. et al, 1997. POPGENE, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
[174] Zietkiwicz E., A. Rafalshi & D. Labuda, 1994. Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat(SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification[J]. Genomics, 20: 176-183.