基于Alias的逆向工业设计实践研究
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摘要
逆向工程技术是现代化设计中的重要设计手段之一。它应用领域广泛,特别在交通工具、家用电器、手动工具等复杂产品的工业设计中都有应用,对增强产品的人机工学、提升产品造型美学、加快产品开发和提高产品市场竞争力大有作为,因此对逆向工程技术在工业设计领域中的实践性研究具有重要现实意义。
工业设计是提高产品市场竞争力的重要手段,然而在我国,工业设计还未发挥其应有的作用,其中一个重要的原因,就是由于设计环境和设计手段的局限,限制了工业设计师创造力的发挥以及和工程师有效的交流与协调,使得新产品的开发效率低,老产品的更新速度慢。因此,工业设计需要一种新的设计手段和思路。
全文以实物模型为研究对象,以天远结构光扫描仪OKIO-Ⅱ和Alias软件为硬软件逆向设计平台,根据逆向工程的一般流程进行设计实践研究。
首先,文章在对数据测量方法及测量设备进行理论研究的基础上,以OKIO-Ⅱ为硬件设计平台,对鼠标、塑料零件进行了多次扫描实践。通过理论和实践,理解并掌握了三维扫描设备的原理和实际操作以及需要注意的问题,积累了数据测量经验。
然后,文章对曲线、曲面基础理论及Alias中逆向曲线、曲面的重构经行了分析和研究工作。在此基础上结合测量设备,以Alias为逆向设计软件平台,对塑料零件进行了逆向设计实践,探究了工业设计师如何快速有效地使用逆向工程技术完成产品的设计。
最后,本文根据工业设计的一般设计流程,将逆向工程技术作为一种方法和辅助手段应用到吸尘器设计中。在完成草图绘制和石膏模型制作后,通过三维测量设备OKIO-Ⅱ获取模型外观点云数据,并进行数据初步处理,再以Alias软件作为设计工具进行点云数据的导入、点云数据的基本处理、逆向曲线曲面重构,并最终完成吸尘器的逆向设计方案。
本文将理论与实践紧密相结合,主要体现在将逆向工程技术理论与工业产品逆向设计实践相结合,探究适合工业设计师的逆向设计方法和流程。
The Reverse Engineering Technology is one of the important design tools in modern design. It has widespread applications, especially in transport, household appliances, hand tools, industrial design of complex products are applied to enhance the ergonomics of the product to enhance the aesthetics of product modeling, speed up product development and improve market competitiveness accomplish. Therefore, the practical study of Reverse Engineering in the field of industrial design has important practical significance.
The industrial design is an important means to improve product market competition. In China, industrial design yet to play its due role. One important reason is because of the limitations of the design environment and design tools, limiting the industrial designer of creativity, limiting the exchange and coordination of designers and engineers. Making new product development efficiency is low, slow old product updates. Therefore, industrial design requires a new design tool and ideas.
In this paper, The physical model for the study, the reverse design for the hardware and software to the scanner OKIO-II and Alias software platform, according to the general process of Reverse Engineering design practice.
First, the article in the theoretical study on the basis of the data measurement methods and measuring equipment, a structured light scanner OKIO-Ⅱ hardware design platform, the reverse data measurement practice, practice research on the mouse, plastic parts through the line multiple scans. Theory and practice understand and master the principles and the actual operation of the three-dimensional scanning device, as well as problems that need attention, and accumulated experience in data measurement.
Then, the article on curves, surfaces, the basic theory and Alias reverse curve and surface reconstruction by the line analysis and research work. On this basis, combined with the measuring equipment, Alias for the reverse design software platform on the plastic parts of the reverse design practice, and explores how industrial designers to quickly and efficiently using Reverse Engineering Technology to complete the product design.
Finally, according to the general design process of industrial design, reverse engineering techniques applied to the design of the vacuum cleaner. After the completion of the design sketching and model making, outside view cloud data obtained through OKIO-Ⅱ model, and preliminary data processing. Then the Alias software for point cloud data import point cloud data processing, reverse curve and surface reconstruction, and the final completion of the reverse design of the vacuum cleaner.
This article features:theory and practice of closely combining mainly reflected the combination of the theory of reverse engineering technology and industrial products, the reverse design practice to explore the reverse design methods and processes for industrial designers.
工业设计是提高产品市场竞争力的重要手段,然而在我国,工业设计还未发挥其应有的作用,其中一个重要的原因,就是由于设计环境和设计手段的局限,限制了工业设计师创造力的发挥以及和工程师有效的交流与协调,使得新产品的开发效率低,老产品的更新速度慢。因此,工业设计需要一种新的设计手段和思路。
全文以实物模型为研究对象,以天远结构光扫描仪OKIO-Ⅱ和Alias软件为硬软件逆向设计平台,根据逆向工程的一般流程进行设计实践研究。
首先,文章在对数据测量方法及测量设备进行理论研究的基础上,以OKIO-Ⅱ为硬件设计平台,对鼠标、塑料零件进行了多次扫描实践。通过理论和实践,理解并掌握了三维扫描设备的原理和实际操作以及需要注意的问题,积累了数据测量经验。
然后,文章对曲线、曲面基础理论及Alias中逆向曲线、曲面的重构经行了分析和研究工作。在此基础上结合测量设备,以Alias为逆向设计软件平台,对塑料零件进行了逆向设计实践,探究了工业设计师如何快速有效地使用逆向工程技术完成产品的设计。
最后,本文根据工业设计的一般设计流程,将逆向工程技术作为一种方法和辅助手段应用到吸尘器设计中。在完成草图绘制和石膏模型制作后,通过三维测量设备OKIO-Ⅱ获取模型外观点云数据,并进行数据初步处理,再以Alias软件作为设计工具进行点云数据的导入、点云数据的基本处理、逆向曲线曲面重构,并最终完成吸尘器的逆向设计方案。
本文将理论与实践紧密相结合,主要体现在将逆向工程技术理论与工业产品逆向设计实践相结合,探究适合工业设计师的逆向设计方法和流程。
The Reverse Engineering Technology is one of the important design tools in modern design. It has widespread applications, especially in transport, household appliances, hand tools, industrial design of complex products are applied to enhance the ergonomics of the product to enhance the aesthetics of product modeling, speed up product development and improve market competitiveness accomplish. Therefore, the practical study of Reverse Engineering in the field of industrial design has important practical significance.
The industrial design is an important means to improve product market competition. In China, industrial design yet to play its due role. One important reason is because of the limitations of the design environment and design tools, limiting the industrial designer of creativity, limiting the exchange and coordination of designers and engineers. Making new product development efficiency is low, slow old product updates. Therefore, industrial design requires a new design tool and ideas.
In this paper, The physical model for the study, the reverse design for the hardware and software to the scanner OKIO-II and Alias software platform, according to the general process of Reverse Engineering design practice.
First, the article in the theoretical study on the basis of the data measurement methods and measuring equipment, a structured light scanner OKIO-Ⅱ hardware design platform, the reverse data measurement practice, practice research on the mouse, plastic parts through the line multiple scans. Theory and practice understand and master the principles and the actual operation of the three-dimensional scanning device, as well as problems that need attention, and accumulated experience in data measurement.
Then, the article on curves, surfaces, the basic theory and Alias reverse curve and surface reconstruction by the line analysis and research work. On this basis, combined with the measuring equipment, Alias for the reverse design software platform on the plastic parts of the reverse design practice, and explores how industrial designers to quickly and efficiently using Reverse Engineering Technology to complete the product design.
Finally, according to the general design process of industrial design, reverse engineering techniques applied to the design of the vacuum cleaner. After the completion of the design sketching and model making, outside view cloud data obtained through OKIO-Ⅱ model, and preliminary data processing. Then the Alias software for point cloud data import point cloud data processing, reverse curve and surface reconstruction, and the final completion of the reverse design of the vacuum cleaner.
This article features:theory and practice of closely combining mainly reflected the combination of the theory of reverse engineering technology and industrial products, the reverse design practice to explore the reverse design methods and processes for industrial designers.
引文
[1]文杰,李洪波,李方方.逆向工程技术在模型制作中的应用[J].洛阳工业高等专科学校学报,2007,17(6)：15-19.
[2]荣烈润.面向21世纪的反求工程技术[J].机电一体化,2006,(6)：6-10.
[3]杨继全,朱玉芳.先进制造技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004,9.
[4]马汉伟.浅析逆向工程技术及其在工业领域的应用[J].现代制造技术与装备,2009,(5)：24-25.
[5]周建强,李建军,王彬等.逆向工程技术的研究现状及发展趋势[J].现代制造技术与装备,2006,(3)：3-5.
[6]刘影,杭九全,万耀青.反求工程与现代设计[J].机械设计,1998,(12)：1-3.
[7]李郁,孙东印.概论逆向工程技术的应用[J].现代制造技术与装备,2011,(3)：17-19.
[8]赵钟菊.Pro/E在车身造型中的应用[J].重型汽车,1998,(5)：16-18.
[9]王丽萍.集成快速成型的汽车天窗逆向工程研究[D].天津：天津大学,2005.
[10]柯映林,肖尧先,李江雄.反求工程CAD建模技术研究.计算机图形学报,2001,12(6)：570-575.
[11]陈焱.逆向工程在曲面零件设计与检测中的应用研究[D].河北：燕山大学,2007.
[12]慈瑞梅.基于CMM测量数据的曲面重构关键技术研究与实现[D].南京：南京理工大学,2006.
[13]向国玲.浅谈逆向工程技术[J].科技创新导报,2011,(15)：51.
[14]陈宏远,刘东.实物逆向工程中的关键技术及其最新发展[J].机械设计,2006,23(8)：1-4.
[15]李郁,孙东印.概论逆向工程技术的应用[J].现代制造技术与装备,2011,(3)：17-19.
[16]张天荣.一种头盔式微光观察镜的研制技术[D].南京：南京理工大学,2008.
[17]刘德平.逆向工程关键技术及其应用研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008.
[18]林立.复杂薄壁叶片加工误差分析与研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2011.
[19]刘宏,陶有丽,付家武.自由曲面扫描线测量点云数据处理技术[J].组合机床与自动 化加工技术,2011,(5)：77-80.
[20]董秀军.三维激光扫描技术及其工程应用研究[D].成都：成都理工大,2007.
[21]李斌.NURBS曲线的一种快速生成方法[J].安庆师范学院学报自然科学版,2011,17(1)：31-34.
[22]黄磊.基于运动学理论的喷漆机器人应用程序开发与研究[J].武汉：华中科技大学,2007.
[23]彭军.体赝鼓膜的几何重构与功能仿生研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2007.
[24]施法中.计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001.8.
[25]李仙,余隋怀,秦蓉.基于Rhinoceros系统的逆向工程研究[J].机床与液压,2008,36(3)：29-31.
[26]Sarker B.Smooth surface approximation and reverse engineering Computer Aided Geometric Design,1991.
[27]LiuZhi-Gang NURBS surface reconstruction based on triangular surface and local shape deformation technique Master Dissertation. Hang Zhou:ZheJiang University,2000 (in Chinese).
[28]Varady T. Reverse engineering of geometric models:An introduction Computer-Aided Design,1997,29(4).
[29]石雄辉.高阶几何连续过渡曲面的造型研究与应用[D].西安：西北工业大学,2002.
[30]J. Jeong, K. Kim, H. Park, H. Choand M. Jung "B-Spline Surface Approximation to Cross-Sections Using Distance Maps"Adv Manuf Technol,1999,15:876-885.
[31]Chengzhou,RenbenShu,MohanS.Ksnkanhalli,Selectively meshed surface representation, Computer&Graphics,1995,19 (6):793-804.
[32]J.Milroy,C.Brad ley,G W.Vickers, D. J. Weir,G 1 continuity of B-spline surface patches in reverse engineering Computer-Aided Design,1995,27(6):471-478.
[33]张学文.地面三维激光点云处理关键技术与实现[D].北京：北京建筑工程学院,2008.
[34]黄卫东,彭小冬.基于三坐标测量机的复杂曲面的逆向工程技术与实践[J].机电技术,2004,(2)22-25.
[35]张欣宇.基于逆向工程的汽车外形设计方法的应用研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008.
[36]张卫莉,袁清华,黄重国等.身曲面造型光顺性评价方法的研究与应用[J].汽车技术,2007,10-14.
[37]GHLiu, Y S Wong, Y F Zhang, H T Loh. Error based segmentation of cloud data for direct rapid prototyping [J]. Computer Aided Design,2002,35.
[38]Pu JT, Jayanti S, Hou SY 3D CAD Model Retrieval Based on Multiple Levels of Detail[A]. Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications [C],2006.
[39]Hong T, Lee K, Kim SC. Similarity comparison of mechanical parts to reuse existing designs [J]. Computer-Aided Design,2006,38 (9).
[40]Gup, Yan X. Neural network approach to the reconstruction of free form surfaces for reverse engineering [J]. CAD,1995,27(1).
[41]万蔚.新型多功能吸尘器的研究[D].武汉：湖北工业大学,2010.
[42]吴兵.保洁工具设计的源流及发展[D].长春：吉林大学,2009.
[43]丁宁.Autodesk Alias 2010新体验[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2009,(8)：31-33.
[44]欧阳波,王枫红,贺贇.基于Alias的自由曲面逆向造型设计.东华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(4)：389-392.
[45]刘世明,胡桂川.Imageware与反求工程[J].重庆科技学院学报,2006,8(3)：84-86.
[2]荣烈润.面向21世纪的反求工程技术[J].机电一体化,2006,(6)：6-10.
[3]杨继全,朱玉芳.先进制造技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004,9.
[4]马汉伟.浅析逆向工程技术及其在工业领域的应用[J].现代制造技术与装备,2009,(5)：24-25.
[5]周建强,李建军,王彬等.逆向工程技术的研究现状及发展趋势[J].现代制造技术与装备,2006,(3)：3-5.
[6]刘影,杭九全,万耀青.反求工程与现代设计[J].机械设计,1998,(12)：1-3.
[7]李郁,孙东印.概论逆向工程技术的应用[J].现代制造技术与装备,2011,(3)：17-19.
[8]赵钟菊.Pro/E在车身造型中的应用[J].重型汽车,1998,(5)：16-18.
[9]王丽萍.集成快速成型的汽车天窗逆向工程研究[D].天津：天津大学,2005.
[10]柯映林,肖尧先,李江雄.反求工程CAD建模技术研究.计算机图形学报,2001,12(6)：570-575.
[11]陈焱.逆向工程在曲面零件设计与检测中的应用研究[D].河北：燕山大学,2007.
[12]慈瑞梅.基于CMM测量数据的曲面重构关键技术研究与实现[D].南京：南京理工大学,2006.
[13]向国玲.浅谈逆向工程技术[J].科技创新导报,2011,(15)：51.
[14]陈宏远,刘东.实物逆向工程中的关键技术及其最新发展[J].机械设计,2006,23(8)：1-4.
[15]李郁,孙东印.概论逆向工程技术的应用[J].现代制造技术与装备,2011,(3)：17-19.
[16]张天荣.一种头盔式微光观察镜的研制技术[D].南京：南京理工大学,2008.
[17]刘德平.逆向工程关键技术及其应用研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008.
[18]林立.复杂薄壁叶片加工误差分析与研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2011.
[19]刘宏,陶有丽,付家武.自由曲面扫描线测量点云数据处理技术[J].组合机床与自动 化加工技术,2011,(5)：77-80.
[20]董秀军.三维激光扫描技术及其工程应用研究[D].成都：成都理工大,2007.
[21]李斌.NURBS曲线的一种快速生成方法[J].安庆师范学院学报自然科学版,2011,17(1)：31-34.
[22]黄磊.基于运动学理论的喷漆机器人应用程序开发与研究[J].武汉：华中科技大学,2007.
[23]彭军.体赝鼓膜的几何重构与功能仿生研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2007.
[24]施法中.计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001.8.
[25]李仙,余隋怀,秦蓉.基于Rhinoceros系统的逆向工程研究[J].机床与液压,2008,36(3)：29-31.
[26]Sarker B.Smooth surface approximation and reverse engineering Computer Aided Geometric Design,1991.
[27]LiuZhi-Gang NURBS surface reconstruction based on triangular surface and local shape deformation technique Master Dissertation. Hang Zhou:ZheJiang University,2000 (in Chinese).
[28]Varady T. Reverse engineering of geometric models:An introduction Computer-Aided Design,1997,29(4).
[29]石雄辉.高阶几何连续过渡曲面的造型研究与应用[D].西安：西北工业大学,2002.
[30]J. Jeong, K. Kim, H. Park, H. Choand M. Jung "B-Spline Surface Approximation to Cross-Sections Using Distance Maps"Adv Manuf Technol,1999,15:876-885.
[31]Chengzhou,RenbenShu,MohanS.Ksnkanhalli,Selectively meshed surface representation, Computer&Graphics,1995,19 (6):793-804.
[32]J.Milroy,C.Brad ley,G W.Vickers, D. J. Weir,G 1 continuity of B-spline surface patches in reverse engineering Computer-Aided Design,1995,27(6):471-478.
[33]张学文.地面三维激光点云处理关键技术与实现[D].北京：北京建筑工程学院,2008.
[34]黄卫东,彭小冬.基于三坐标测量机的复杂曲面的逆向工程技术与实践[J].机电技术,2004,(2)22-25.
[35]张欣宇.基于逆向工程的汽车外形设计方法的应用研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008.
[36]张卫莉,袁清华,黄重国等.身曲面造型光顺性评价方法的研究与应用[J].汽车技术,2007,10-14.
[37]GHLiu, Y S Wong, Y F Zhang, H T Loh. Error based segmentation of cloud data for direct rapid prototyping [J]. Computer Aided Design,2002,35.
[38]Pu JT, Jayanti S, Hou SY 3D CAD Model Retrieval Based on Multiple Levels of Detail[A]. Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications [C],2006.
[39]Hong T, Lee K, Kim SC. Similarity comparison of mechanical parts to reuse existing designs [J]. Computer-Aided Design,2006,38 (9).
[40]Gup, Yan X. Neural network approach to the reconstruction of free form surfaces for reverse engineering [J]. CAD,1995,27(1).
[41]万蔚.新型多功能吸尘器的研究[D].武汉：湖北工业大学,2010.
[42]吴兵.保洁工具设计的源流及发展[D].长春：吉林大学,2009.
[43]丁宁.Autodesk Alias 2010新体验[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2009,(8)：31-33.
[44]欧阳波,王枫红,贺贇.基于Alias的自由曲面逆向造型设计.东华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(4)：389-392.
[45]刘世明,胡桂川.Imageware与反求工程[J].重庆科技学院学报,2006,8(3)：84-86.