矿井建设工程网络计划技术研究
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摘要
煤炭资源不仅在当前我国能源构成中占有举足轻重的比例,并且在短时期内煤炭在我国能源中的主体地位不会发生根本性改变,这就使得矿井建设的需求持续增大。由于矿井工程建设具有投资大、周期长、未知因素多、风险高等特点,所以在很大程度上制约了煤矿建设投资的效益。矿井建设工程是涉及多部门、多工种、多设备的复杂工程。因此,如何有效地利用现代网络计划技术、科学地制定项目进度计划并对其进行优化和控制,对提高煤矿基本建设投资效益具有十分重要的意义。
发达国家的大量工程实践经验表明,网络计划技术作为一种组织生产和进行计划管理的科学方法,在协调部门关系、计划的编制、优化与监控以及资源的合理调配等方面发挥重要作用。煤矿矿井建设工程作为一类紧迫性和时效性的工程项目,其建设的总体目标是实现对工程工期、工程质量和工程投资的控制,其中矿井工程建设工期又是影响煤矿建设投资效益的关键。
本文围绕矿井建设工程施工过程的建设工期这一核心问题,运用现代网络计划技术与方法,重点研究煤矿建设工程施工过程中的工期进度计划优化和监控这两个具体问题。通过对基于摘要的单代号网络图以及基于时标和摘要的双代号网络图的绘制方法与算法的深入研究,并结合关键线路法,实现了工期进度计划的优化；在进度计划优化的基础上,针对施工过程中的关键活动和非关键活动,分别给出了计划监控的流程和方法,为计划的及时调整与顺利实施提供了科学依据和保障。
本文的主要研究工作和取得的成果如下：
(1)针对煤矿矿井建设项目中单位工程数量大和连锁工程多的特点,提出了一种附加摘要节点和关键线路计算的单代号网络图的绘制方法,并详细给出了具体的绘制流程与算法。该网络图与传统的单代号网络图相比,由于引入了摘要节点,一方面可以充分体现出各个单位工程之间的层次结构关系,另一方面可以通过对摘要节点的折叠,来降低由于单位工程众多所带来的网络图阅读上的复杂程度。同时,通过对活动的时间参数计算,在该网络图可以清晰地表示出关键活动、关键线路和总工期,从而快速地实现计划的评审、调整与优化。
(2)针对双代号网络图在使用中有时为了要表达活动间的前后逻辑关系,需要添加虚工序,而不同的添加方法,就可能存在多个可能的实现问题,提出了一种基于时标和摘要的双代号网络图绘制算法,以及对关键路径的计算方法,并给出了具体的绘制流程与算法。该网络图与传统方法得到的双代号网络图相比,可以保证仅有虚工序和挂起工序会与其它工序交叉,其它工序之间不会出现交叉,使得整体网络图构图清晰、图面整洁。同时,通过对网络图时间参数的计算,生成的网络图中用红色线条标识出关键线路,并且计算出工程的总工期,从而实现了对工期进度计划的优化。
(3)对于煤矿矿井建设在实际的施工中可能会受到许多未知因素的影响,使实际进度与计划进度出现偏差。通过研究大量的相关资料,提出了对施工过程中的关键活动和非关键活动进度实施动态控制方法,并给出了具体的计划监控流程和方法。该方法能够及时的监控到滞后任务,并通过任务滞后的天数来判断对整个项目的影响程度。同时把整个项目分成三大类,以更有针对性的实施监控,并用醒目的颜色标识出和计划有偏差的任务,从而为计划的及时调整提供了科学依据,为实现预期目标提供了保障。
Coal resources have not only played a decisive role in the proportion of China's energy structure, but also stayed the dominant position that will not be changed fundamentally in a short period of time. This makes the demand of mine construction increase continually. Since mine construction has the feature of large investment, long cycle, numerous unknown factors and high risk, it restricts, to a large extent, the investment returns of coal mine construction. Mine construction is a complex engineering that involves multiple departments, types and devices. Therefore, that how to make efficiently use of modern network planning technique, to make the program schedule scientifically and control and optimize of it has a very important significance to improve the benefits of the investment of the mine infrastructure.
The massive project practice experience of developed countries shows that network planning technique as a kind of scientific method of organizing producing and managing the plan plays an important role in coordinating the relationship of the departments, planning, optimization, monitoring and reasonable allocation of resources. Coal mine construction as a project of a class of urgency and timeliness, its overall goal is to achieve the control of project schedule, project quality and project investment. Among these, mine construction schedule is the key factor to affect the benefit of the investment of coal mine construction.
This paper will focus on a core issue about the construction period in the mine construction project. Using modern technology and methods of network planning, the paper mainly research on the two specific problems that are the optimization of the project schedule and monitoring in the process of coal mine construction project. This paper realizes the optimization of time schedule by in-depth studying on drawing method and algorithm of activity-on-node network which is based on abstract and activity-on-arrow network which is based on time scale and abstract, and combined with the critical path method. Based on the optimization of schedule, aiming at the key activities and the non-critical activities in the process of construction, the paper gives the flow and method of plan monitoring separately, which provides scientific basis and guarantee for the timely adjustment and the successful implementation of plans.
The main research work and achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) According to the characteristics of coal mine construction project, such as large quantity of unit project and many chain works, this paper proposes a method of drawing activity-on-node network by adding abstract nodes and calculating the critical path, and gives the specific drawing flow and algorithm in detail. Due to the introduction of abstract nodes, the network diagram compared with the traditional activity-on-node can fully show the hierarchical relationships among each unit project, on the other hand, it can also reduce the complexity of reading network diagram by folding and expanding the scope activities when unit project is numerous. Meanwhile, through calculating the time parameters of activities, the critical activities clearly, the critical lines and total construction time are showed clearly in the network diagram. Thus, we can quickly achieve appraisal, adjustment and optimization of the plan.
(2) Activity-on-arrow in use, in order to express the logic relationships between activities sometimes, need to add the dummy activities. But different adding methods may lead to cause more than one possible implementation. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an algorithm of drawing activity-on-arrow which is based on the time scale and the abstract and a method of calculating the critical path, and gives the specific drawing flow and algorithm. The network diagram compared with the traditional activity-on-arrow network can guarantee that only the dummy activities and suspend activities will exist crossover with other activities, while other activities not, thus, the whole network diagram looks clean and tidy. Meanwhile, through calculating the time parameters of network diagram, the method of generating activity-on-arrow network identifies the critical path with red lines and calculates the total construction time, so as to realize the optimization of the schedule plan.
(3) As the practical process of coal mine construction would be affected by various unknown factors, they will come to deviation. Through the study of numerously relevant information, this paper put forward a dynamic control method for the progress of the critical activities and the non-critical activities in the construction, and gives the specific flow of monitoring plan and method. The method can timely monitor the lag tasks and judge the effect degree of the days of tasks delay on the whole project. At the same time the method divides the whole project into three categories in order to monitor specifically and identifies declinational tasks with the eye-catching colors. The above method provides not only the scientific basis for the timely adjustment of the plan, but also the guarantee for the realization of the expectant target.
发达国家的大量工程实践经验表明,网络计划技术作为一种组织生产和进行计划管理的科学方法,在协调部门关系、计划的编制、优化与监控以及资源的合理调配等方面发挥重要作用。煤矿矿井建设工程作为一类紧迫性和时效性的工程项目,其建设的总体目标是实现对工程工期、工程质量和工程投资的控制,其中矿井工程建设工期又是影响煤矿建设投资效益的关键。
本文围绕矿井建设工程施工过程的建设工期这一核心问题,运用现代网络计划技术与方法,重点研究煤矿建设工程施工过程中的工期进度计划优化和监控这两个具体问题。通过对基于摘要的单代号网络图以及基于时标和摘要的双代号网络图的绘制方法与算法的深入研究,并结合关键线路法,实现了工期进度计划的优化；在进度计划优化的基础上,针对施工过程中的关键活动和非关键活动,分别给出了计划监控的流程和方法,为计划的及时调整与顺利实施提供了科学依据和保障。
本文的主要研究工作和取得的成果如下：
(1)针对煤矿矿井建设项目中单位工程数量大和连锁工程多的特点,提出了一种附加摘要节点和关键线路计算的单代号网络图的绘制方法,并详细给出了具体的绘制流程与算法。该网络图与传统的单代号网络图相比,由于引入了摘要节点,一方面可以充分体现出各个单位工程之间的层次结构关系,另一方面可以通过对摘要节点的折叠,来降低由于单位工程众多所带来的网络图阅读上的复杂程度。同时,通过对活动的时间参数计算,在该网络图可以清晰地表示出关键活动、关键线路和总工期,从而快速地实现计划的评审、调整与优化。
(2)针对双代号网络图在使用中有时为了要表达活动间的前后逻辑关系,需要添加虚工序,而不同的添加方法,就可能存在多个可能的实现问题,提出了一种基于时标和摘要的双代号网络图绘制算法,以及对关键路径的计算方法,并给出了具体的绘制流程与算法。该网络图与传统方法得到的双代号网络图相比,可以保证仅有虚工序和挂起工序会与其它工序交叉,其它工序之间不会出现交叉,使得整体网络图构图清晰、图面整洁。同时,通过对网络图时间参数的计算,生成的网络图中用红色线条标识出关键线路,并且计算出工程的总工期,从而实现了对工期进度计划的优化。
(3)对于煤矿矿井建设在实际的施工中可能会受到许多未知因素的影响,使实际进度与计划进度出现偏差。通过研究大量的相关资料,提出了对施工过程中的关键活动和非关键活动进度实施动态控制方法,并给出了具体的计划监控流程和方法。该方法能够及时的监控到滞后任务,并通过任务滞后的天数来判断对整个项目的影响程度。同时把整个项目分成三大类,以更有针对性的实施监控,并用醒目的颜色标识出和计划有偏差的任务,从而为计划的及时调整提供了科学依据,为实现预期目标提供了保障。
Coal resources have not only played a decisive role in the proportion of China's energy structure, but also stayed the dominant position that will not be changed fundamentally in a short period of time. This makes the demand of mine construction increase continually. Since mine construction has the feature of large investment, long cycle, numerous unknown factors and high risk, it restricts, to a large extent, the investment returns of coal mine construction. Mine construction is a complex engineering that involves multiple departments, types and devices. Therefore, that how to make efficiently use of modern network planning technique, to make the program schedule scientifically and control and optimize of it has a very important significance to improve the benefits of the investment of the mine infrastructure.
The massive project practice experience of developed countries shows that network planning technique as a kind of scientific method of organizing producing and managing the plan plays an important role in coordinating the relationship of the departments, planning, optimization, monitoring and reasonable allocation of resources. Coal mine construction as a project of a class of urgency and timeliness, its overall goal is to achieve the control of project schedule, project quality and project investment. Among these, mine construction schedule is the key factor to affect the benefit of the investment of coal mine construction.
This paper will focus on a core issue about the construction period in the mine construction project. Using modern technology and methods of network planning, the paper mainly research on the two specific problems that are the optimization of the project schedule and monitoring in the process of coal mine construction project. This paper realizes the optimization of time schedule by in-depth studying on drawing method and algorithm of activity-on-node network which is based on abstract and activity-on-arrow network which is based on time scale and abstract, and combined with the critical path method. Based on the optimization of schedule, aiming at the key activities and the non-critical activities in the process of construction, the paper gives the flow and method of plan monitoring separately, which provides scientific basis and guarantee for the timely adjustment and the successful implementation of plans.
The main research work and achievements of this paper are as follows:
(1) According to the characteristics of coal mine construction project, such as large quantity of unit project and many chain works, this paper proposes a method of drawing activity-on-node network by adding abstract nodes and calculating the critical path, and gives the specific drawing flow and algorithm in detail. Due to the introduction of abstract nodes, the network diagram compared with the traditional activity-on-node can fully show the hierarchical relationships among each unit project, on the other hand, it can also reduce the complexity of reading network diagram by folding and expanding the scope activities when unit project is numerous. Meanwhile, through calculating the time parameters of activities, the critical activities clearly, the critical lines and total construction time are showed clearly in the network diagram. Thus, we can quickly achieve appraisal, adjustment and optimization of the plan.
(2) Activity-on-arrow in use, in order to express the logic relationships between activities sometimes, need to add the dummy activities. But different adding methods may lead to cause more than one possible implementation. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an algorithm of drawing activity-on-arrow which is based on the time scale and the abstract and a method of calculating the critical path, and gives the specific drawing flow and algorithm. The network diagram compared with the traditional activity-on-arrow network can guarantee that only the dummy activities and suspend activities will exist crossover with other activities, while other activities not, thus, the whole network diagram looks clean and tidy. Meanwhile, through calculating the time parameters of network diagram, the method of generating activity-on-arrow network identifies the critical path with red lines and calculates the total construction time, so as to realize the optimization of the schedule plan.
(3) As the practical process of coal mine construction would be affected by various unknown factors, they will come to deviation. Through the study of numerously relevant information, this paper put forward a dynamic control method for the progress of the critical activities and the non-critical activities in the construction, and gives the specific flow of monitoring plan and method. The method can timely monitor the lag tasks and judge the effect degree of the days of tasks delay on the whole project. At the same time the method divides the whole project into three categories in order to monitor specifically and identifies declinational tasks with the eye-catching colors. The above method provides not only the scientific basis for the timely adjustment of the plan, but also the guarantee for the realization of the expectant target.
引文
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