非间隔式注氮防灭火理论及技术研究
|
摘要
我国矿井现阶段预防回采工作面采空区遗煤自燃普遍采用埋管注氮工艺,它主要存在两方面的严重缺陷：注氮点在空间上存在间隔,致使氮气在采空区未形成连续性分布,注氮惰化效果差,所需注氮量大；注氮埋管交替丢弃在采空区内,材料不能回收,造成极大的资源浪费,投入成本大。针对传统埋管注氮工艺的主要问题,提出了非间隔式注氮防灭火工艺,保持注氮点与工作面的同步移动,使注氮点在采空区保持空间上的连续。根据材料力学相关原理将非间隔式注氮防灭火工艺设计成边旋转边牵引的方式,利用注氮管路的抗剪切能力克服牵引过程中的最大阻力。运用岩土力学模拟软件FLAC3D模拟分析采空区注氮埋管管壁应力分布状态；基于弹性力学、结构力学与卸荷拱原理等相关理论,研究得出上覆岩层对采空区注氮埋管管壁施加载荷与非间隔式注氮防灭火工艺动力值的理论计算方法。基于煤氧复合理论,建立了采空区高温区域判别模型,为确定非间隔式注氮防灭火工艺实施的最佳注氮点位置提供了理论依据。理论分析研究了非间隔式注氮防灭火装备的牵引方式、计算了注氮管路各项参数、确定了各管段之间联接方法；设计加工了非间隔式注氮防灭火装备,并进行了现场试验校核与装备设计参数优化。
At present, the buried nitrogen injection process is commonly used to prevent the coal spontaneous combustion in gobs, there are two serious defects using the way, the first one is nitrogen injection sites have interval in the space, which results that nitrogen gas is not formed continuity distribution in the god and the effect of nitrogen injection is poor, then leads to the required injection rate is large; the second is the nitrogen injection pipes are alternately discarded in the gob and the material cannot be recycled, which results in a great waste of resources and large input cost. Considering the main problem of traditional nitrogen injection process, the technology of non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control was proposed that making the nitrogen injection sites keep pace with working face to cause the nitrogen injection sites maintain a continuous space. According to the relevant principles of material mechanics, the new technology of non-interval nitrogen for fire control, which was designed to drag with rotating, makes use of anti-shearing ability for the injection pipe to overcome the biggest obstacle in the towing process. FLAC3D was used to analyze the wall stress distribution of the nitrogen injection buried pipe in the goaf, then based on elasticity mechanics, structural mechanics, unloading arch principle and some related theories, the theoretical calculation method of calculating for load caused by overlying roak to buried pipe wall in the goaf, and calculating for dynamic value of the technology of non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control could be obtained. Based on the coal-oxygen comlex theory, the discriminant model of high temperature area distribution in goaf was built, which provides theoretical basis to confirm the best nitrogen injection position in goaf during the process of non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control. And the mode of traction for the non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control device was studied by theoretical analysis, various parameters nitrogen injection pipes were calculated, and the connection ways among pipes were determined. The device of non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control was designed and processed, and field experiment check and optimization of device design parameters were made.
At present, the buried nitrogen injection process is commonly used to prevent the coal spontaneous combustion in gobs, there are two serious defects using the way, the first one is nitrogen injection sites have interval in the space, which results that nitrogen gas is not formed continuity distribution in the god and the effect of nitrogen injection is poor, then leads to the required injection rate is large; the second is the nitrogen injection pipes are alternately discarded in the gob and the material cannot be recycled, which results in a great waste of resources and large input cost. Considering the main problem of traditional nitrogen injection process, the technology of non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control was proposed that making the nitrogen injection sites keep pace with working face to cause the nitrogen injection sites maintain a continuous space. According to the relevant principles of material mechanics, the new technology of non-interval nitrogen for fire control, which was designed to drag with rotating, makes use of anti-shearing ability for the injection pipe to overcome the biggest obstacle in the towing process. FLAC3D was used to analyze the wall stress distribution of the nitrogen injection buried pipe in the goaf, then based on elasticity mechanics, structural mechanics, unloading arch principle and some related theories, the theoretical calculation method of calculating for load caused by overlying roak to buried pipe wall in the goaf, and calculating for dynamic value of the technology of non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control could be obtained. Based on the coal-oxygen comlex theory, the discriminant model of high temperature area distribution in goaf was built, which provides theoretical basis to confirm the best nitrogen injection position in goaf during the process of non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control. And the mode of traction for the non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control device was studied by theoretical analysis, various parameters nitrogen injection pipes were calculated, and the connection ways among pipes were determined. The device of non-interval nitrogen injection for fire control was designed and processed, and field experiment check and optimization of device design parameters were made.
引文
1.姜龙.综合防灭火技术在扑灭综放工作面火灾中的应用[J].矿业安全与环保,2010,37(增)：97-98.
2.乔奶平.矿井防灭火及其防治措施[J].山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2012,25(4)：56-57.
3.蒯多磊.易自燃煤层小煤柱掘进煤炭自燃防治技术研究[D].安徽：安徽理工大学,2012：1-19
4.周心权.矿井火灾救灾理论与实践[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1996.
5. Smith A.C., Lazzara C.P. Inhibition of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal, Report of investigation-Unites States[R]. Bureau of mines, Pittsburgh, PA, USA1998
6.煤矿安全规程[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2004.
7.朱红青.火灾防治技术措施决策系统的研究[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2001
8.孟宪锐,王鸿鹏,刘朝晖,等.我国厚煤层开采方法的选择原则与发展现状[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,36(1)：39-44.
9.杨保国.一次采全高开采技术在煤层开采中的应用研究[J].科技与企业,2012,(5)：130.
10.郭联宏.长治王庄煤矿中硬煤层大采高一次采全高开采技术[J].煤,2011,20(12)：39-40.
11.曹凯,连玉中,王帅领,等.急倾斜特厚煤层分层开采工作面防灭火技术研究现状及对策[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(4)：124-126.
12.韩宗宏,方海滨.港口煤堆自燃原因及防自燃技术浅析[J].煤质技术,2009,(03)：33-34.
13.宋志,曹坤,王国道,等.矸石堆自燃火灾的影响因素与防治途径分析[J].东北煤炭技术,1999,(06)：30-32.
14.黄相明.综放面注氮防灭火综合技术应用研究[J].煤矿现代化,2010,(1)：44-45.
15.黄文清.注氮防火工艺在综放工作面的应用[J].煤炭技术,2009,28(2)：102-103.
16.肖蕾,郭玉东,张平银.注氮防灭火技术在煤矿中的应用[J].宁夏工程技术,2009,8(1)：19-22.
17.沈浩天.注氮工艺在矿井防灭火工作中的应用[J].水力采煤与管道运输,2011.(3)：33-34.
18.姬建虎,谢强燕,王长元.煤自燃内在影响因素分析[J].矿业安全与环保,2008,(03)：24-26.
19. Helle S., Gopdon A., Alfaro G., et al. Coal blend combustion:Link between unburnt carbon in fly ashes and maceral composition[J]. Fuel Process Techno.,2003,80(3):209-223.
20.翟小伟.煤氧化过程CO产生机理及安全指标研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2012：1-20
21.王从陆,伍爱友,蔡康旭.煤炭自燃过程中耗氧速率与温度耦合研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2006(4)：65-67.
22.刘剑,王继仁,孙宝铮.煤的活化能理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(3)：316-320.
23.文虎.煤自燃过程的实验及数值模拟研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2003.
24.文虎,徐精彩,李莉.煤自燃的热量积聚过程及影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4)：370-374.
25.周凤增.煤矿井下自燃火源定位技术的研究与应用[D].北京：中国矿业大学(北京),2010.
26.蒋金平.采空区地层沉陷过程中关键岩层的作用[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增)：439-442.
27.李诚.坚硬厚层灰岩顶板综放开采顶板垮落规律研究[D].北京：中国矿业大学(北京),2007：17-37.
28.王志国,周宏伟,谢和平,等.深部开采上覆岩层移动的现场监测分析[J].金属矿山,2009,(1)：145-150.
29.钱鸣高,许家林.覆岩采动裂隙分布的“0”形圈特征研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(5)：466-469.
30. Sehgal.V.K,Kunar.A.... Thick and steep seam mining in North Eastern Coalfield International, Symposium on thick seam mining, problem and issues,1992.
31.杨胜强,张人伟,邸志前,等.综采面采空区自燃“三带”的分布规律[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1)：93-96.
32.李宗翔,许端平,刘立群.采空区自然发火三带划分的数值模拟[N].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,10(5)：545-548.
33. Zhu Mingshan, Xu yingqin, Wu jiang. Computer simulation of spontaneous in goaf,Proceedings of the US Mine Ventilation Symposium[A]. Published by SME.Liteton, CO.USA.1991.
34. Schmal D. A model for the spontaneous heating of stored coal[D]. Delft:University of Delft.1987.
35. Nordon P. Spontaneous combustion interactive heat and mass transfer driven by a chemical Reaction[A]. Third Australasian Conference on Heat&Mass Transfer.1985.
36. Brooks Kevin, Svanas Nicoloas, Glasser David. Critical temperatures of some Turkish coals due to spontaneous combustion[J]. Journal of Mines, Metals&Fuels.1988.
37. Sasaki Kyuro, Miyakoshi Hiroshi,Otsuka Kazuo. Spontaneous combustion of coal in the low temperature range-application of exposure equivalent-time to numerical analysis[J]. Journal of the mining and metallurgical institute of Japan.1987.
38.卞晓锴,包宗宏,史美仁.采空区温度场模拟及煤自燃状态预测[J].南京化工大学学报,2000,22(2)；44-47.
39.冯小平.采空区高温点位置确定的计算机模拟分析[J].淮南矿业学院学报,1995,15(3)：37-41.
40.张瑞林,杨运良,史本林,等.综放采空区自燃带的三维数值模拟研究[J].煤矿安全,2000,(10)：33-35
41. Marian Branny. Modelowanie pozaru endogenicznego w zrobach lub w szcczelinach. GIG,Konferencja naukowo-techniczna, Ustrofn.1994.
42.徐精彩,文虎,邓军.煤自燃极限参数研究[J].火灾科学,2000,9(2)：15-18.
43. Xu Jingcai, Deng Jun, Wen Hu. Investigation into the surface active groups of coal, Journal of coal science&Engineering,2001,7(1):88-96.
44.邓军,徐精彩,文虎.综放采煤法中沿空巷道煤层自然发火预测模型研究[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1)：63-66.
45.徐精彩,文虎,张辛亥.综放面巷道煤层自燃危险区域判定方法[J].北京科技大学学报,2003,25(1)：10-11.
46.邓军,徐精彩,文虎.采空区自然发火动态数学模型研究[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,1998,13(1)：11-16
47.文虎,徐精彩,李莉.煤自燃的热量积聚过程及影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4)：371-373.
48. Wen Hu, Xu Jingeai, Ge Lingmei, etc. Numerieal Analysis and Dynamic Simulation of Coal Spontaneous Combustion[A]. Proeess in safety science and technology PartB,2002:820-823.
49.李宗翔,衣刚,武建国,等.基于“0”型冒落及耗氧非均匀采空区自燃分布特征[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3)：484-489.
50.李宗翔,吴强,王志清.自燃采空区耗氧-升温的区域分布特征[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(5)：667-672.
51.何启林,王德明.综放面采空区遗煤自然发火过程动态数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1)：11-14.
52.邢真强,何启林,彭伟.综放工作面采空区“三带”规律研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2013,40(2)：5-7.
53.何启林,袁树杰,王新建,等.徐庄煤矿综放采空区“三带”宽度的确定[J].煤矿安全,2001,(2)：6-7.
54.何启林,王德明.综放面采空区遗煤自然发火过程动态数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1)：12-14.
55.余明高,黄之聪,岳超平.煤最短自然发火期解算数学模型[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(5)：516-519.
56.宋志,曹坤,孙宝铮.采场自然发火的预测和识别[J].黑龙江矿业学院学报,1999,9(3)：23-25.
57.孙家良.煤炭内因火灾一般规律及防灭火技术分析[J].科技风,2012,(10)：84.
58. J.C. Jones. A new and more reliable test for the propensity of coals and carbons to spontaneous heating[J]. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries.2000,13:52-55.
59.肖雪峰.注氮技术在采空区防灭火中的应用[J].煤矿开采,2010,15(1)：97-98.
60.陈全,王省身.综放采场自然发火规律及注氮防灭火技术研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(6)：618-623.
61.吴珍,刘雅俊,常兴武.综放工作面注氮工艺研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,1999,18(2)：215-217.
62.黄华,王菊,董苗苗.液氮在煤矿火灾中的应用[J].安全科学技术,2011,(11)：10-12.
63.杨志功,穆守丽.综采放顶煤工作面采空区注氮防灭火工艺的实践[J].煤矿安全,2008,(5)：30-34.
64.刘谦,林柏泉,朱传杰,等.采空区自燃火灾防治技术[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(9)：68-71.
65. Guan H.Y., Fan X.J., Wu C.C. Study on Thermodynamic system and detecting model of coal fire area[C]. International Conference on Coal Fire Research, Nov.29-Dec.1,2005, Beijing, Abstract:152-154
66.邓军,徐精彩,阮国强,等.国内外煤炭自然发火预测预报技术综述[J].西安矿业学院学报,1999,(04)：295-297
67. Garcia P.The use of differential scanning calorimeter to identify coals susceptible to spontaneous combustion[J]. Thermo Chemical acts,1999,336(1-2):41-46.
68.赵摇磐,邬剑明,周春山.自燃采空区注浆灭火浆液扩散行为研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2013,40(1)：37-39.
69.魏文柱.三相泡沫技术在治理回采工作面火灾中的应用[J].河北煤炭,2008,(1)：18-19.
70.李晓.三相泡沫在防治平煤一矿采空区自然发火中的应用研究[J].现代企业教育,2012,(1)：89-90.
71.邬剑明.煤自燃火灾防治新技术及矿用新型密闭堵漏材料的研究与应用[D].山西：太原理工大学,2008：5-20.
72. Yuan LSAC. Computational fluid dynamics study on the ventilation flow paths in longwall gobs[C]. Proceedings of the11th U.S./North American Mine Ventilation Symposium-11th U.S./North American Mine Ventilation Symposium2006.
73.黄光磊.均压通风在防止矿井漏风中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2010,36(增)：64-65.
74.张斌.均压通风防灭火技术的应用实践[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(2)：96-98.
75.华德宏.“隔离技术”在矿井防灭火中的应用[J].能源技术与管理,2012,(2)：95-97.
76.刘洁.矿用高水封堵防灭火材料及其应用研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2010：40-54.
77.张东坡.易自燃特厚煤层综放面采空区注氮防灭火技术研究与应用[D].山西：太原理工大学,2010：1-28.
78.韩占忠FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2004：14-22.
79.金龙哲,姚伟.采空区瓦斯渗流规律的CFD模拟[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(9)：1476-1480.
80.朱红青,刘星魁.采空区非间隔性注氮防火效果及施工参数[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(5)：706-712.
81.范慕辉,焦永树.材料力学教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010：10-64.
82.刘鸿文.材料力学(第四版).北京：高等教育出版社.2004.
83.戴少度.材料力学[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2000：8-67.
84.韩江水,屈钧利.弹性力学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2007：78-109.
85.陆明万,罗学富.弹性理论基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2000：209-285.
86.王焕定.结构力学第3版[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2010：19-121.
87.樊友景,高建华,李大望.均布荷载作用下两端固支梁的弹性力学解[J].河南科学,2006,24(2)：237-240.
88.李会知,杨建中,刘敏珊.均布荷载作用下两端固支梁的弹塑性分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4)：447-451.
89.樊友景,李乐,李会知.集中荷载作用下固支梁的弹性力学分析[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2008,40(1)：116-129.
90.陈玉骥.单跨超静定梁在均布荷载作用下的弹性力学解[J].海南大学学报：自然科学版,2002,20(2)：188-191.
91. Z.Mroz&P.Nawrochi. Deformation and stability of an elastic-plastic softening pillar.Rock, Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1989.(22):69-102.
92.李树刚.综放面采空区矿压特征与漏风形态[J].焦作工学院学报,1997,16(6)：6-10.
93. Euring A.J.Warble,etc. Rock Mechanics Design for Rock Bolting in British Coal Mines.16th World Mining Congress,35-39.
94.李鹏博,侯忠杰,罗小新,等.老顶分层厚度对工作面初次来压步距的影响[J].陕西煤炭,2007,(1)：26-28.
95. K.Hurt. New Developments of Rock Bolting, Colliery Guardian.1994.7
96. Gleick,J.Chaos. Making a New Science. New York:Penguin Books,1987
97. Stephen. Cable Supports for Improved Long Wall Gateway Stability.12th Conference on Ground Control in Mining,1993:9-15
98. P.Willians. The Development of Rock Bolting in UK Coal Mines. Mining Engineering,1994.5
99.钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003：20-40.
100.谢胜华.地表厚土层浅埋煤层覆岩运动与破坏规律研究[D].西安：西安科技学院,2002.
101.鹿志发.浅埋深煤层顶板力学结构与支架适应性研究[D].北京：煤科总院北京开采所,2007：34-57.
102.杨帆.浅埋深“两硬”厚煤层综放工作面矿压规律研究[D].北京：中国矿业大学(北京),2007：9-41.
103.黄霆.直接放顶煤和预采顶分层放顶煤矿压规律对比[D].北京：中国矿业大学(北京),2007：8-27
104. Po.Grady.P.Fuller.P.Digit. Cable Bolting in Australian Coal Mines Current Practice and Design Considerations. Mining Engineer.1994:154-396
105. Robert Stefanko. COAL MINING TECHNOLOGY THEORY AND PRACTICE.New York:Society of Mining Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc,1983.
106. Sehgal.V.K,Kunar.A....Thick and steep seam mining in North Eastern Coalfield International Symposium on thick seam mining, problem and issues,1992.
107.安金龙.水平定向钻穿越回拖力的计算方法及其分析[J].江汉石油科技,2007,17(2)：53-58.
108.柳金海.不良条件管道工程设计与施工手册.中国物价出版社,1992.
109.刘大鹏,尤晓伟.土力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005：197-204.
110.张土乔,王直民,吴小刚.上埋式深埋管涵土压力分布的弹性解[J].中国农村水利水电2006,(9)：94-97
111.魏红卫,张起森.考虑位移协调的上埋式圆管涵设计方法[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(6)：737-741.
112.刘全林,杨敏.上埋式管道上竖向土压力计算的探讨[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2)：214-218.
113.黄清猷.填埋式地下圆形结构物周边土压力分布的有限元解[J].土木工程学报,1982,15(3)：52-56
114.徐园园,于广明,李长江,等.采动覆岩的叠层板—卸荷拱模型研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,33(3)：7-10
115.叶晓明,孟凡涛,许年春.土层水平卸荷拱的形成条件[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002, 21(5)：745-748
116.夏志成.卸荷拱承载力计算研究[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(128)：178-182
117.钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003：40-60.
118.钱鸣高.矿山压力及其控制[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1991.
119.景锋,边智华,陈昊,等.不同岩性侧压系数分布规律的统计分析[N].长江科学院院报,2008,25(4)：48-51.
120.陈育民,徐鼎平FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010：10-64.
121. Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in three Dimensions Users, Guide[S].Version2.1:Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.,2002.
122. Manual of FLAC3D, Itasca Consulting Group. Inc,1997.
123.刘波,韩彦辉FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005.
124.高永刚.基于AutoCAD的FLAC3D模型快速建模方法研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2012：23-47
125.孟厦FLAC3D前处理程序开发及其工程应用研究[D].安徽：安徽理工大学,2009：4-39
126.胡国伟,靳钟铭.基于FLAC3D模拟的大采高采场支承压力分布规律研究[J].山西煤炭,2006,26(2)：10-12.
127.曾垒,项一凡.用FLAC3D实现综放工作面三维矿压模拟的探讨[J].煤炭工程,2007,(6)：86-88.
128.来兴平,伍永平,蔡美峰FLAC在地下巷道离层破坏非线性数值模拟中的应用[J].西安科技学院学报,2000,20(3)：193-195.
129. Hakami H. Rock characterisation facility (RCF) shaft sinking numerical computations using FLAC[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(1):59-65.
130.曹平,董志明,姚劲松.岩质边坡稳定性的FLAC3D数值模拟分析[J].西部探矿工程,2006,125：268-270.
131. Goetzee, M.J., R.D.Hart, P.M.Varona, P.A.Cundall. FLAC Basics, Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group, Inc,1988.
132. Chan S K, Tuba I S. A finite element method for contact problems of solid bodies-Part Ⅰ. Theory and Validation. Int J Meth Sci.1971,13:615-625.
133.陈守俊,李强,张毅,等.油套管联接拧紧扭矩的计算方法研究[J].华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(5)：737-742.
134.陈手俊.油套管螺纹联接力学行为及粘扣失效过程研究[D].上海：华东理工大学,2011：13-45.
135. Dano M L et al. Stress and failure analysis of mechanically fastened joints in composit laminates. Compos Struct-2000,50(3):287-296.
136.陈守俊,高连新,张毅,等.具有局部牙形误差的油套管螺纹联接受力分析.华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(6)：843-850.
137. Ogasawara M,Khoyama F,Tsukano Y. Optimum use of environmentally safe compound grease for application of casing and tubing connection makeup. SPE22555.1991.
138.郭卫凡,黄卫健.螺纹受力分布分析方法及其应用实例[J].机械与电子,2010,(10)：70-71.
139. Yokoyama T., Oishi K, Kimura M, Izumi S, Sakai S.. Evaluation of Loosening Resistance Performance of Conical Spring Washer by Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis. J. Solid Mech Mater Eng2008,2(1):38-40.
140.黄华梁,彭文生.机械设计基础(第四版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007.
141.于雅文,王江,朱大志,等.拖管注氮工艺在大兴煤矿的成功应用[J].煤矿安全,2010,(06)：36-38.
142.给水排水工程管道结构设计规范GB50332-2002[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002：10-46
143. G.F. Wang, J.F. Liu. Compatibility design of equipment&its practice for fully mechanized coal working face with a larger dip.5th International Symposium on Mining Science and Technology.2004.
144.莫海军,蓝民华,杨林丰.机械零件设计有关寿命问题的研究[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(8)：93-96.
145.李兴林.滚动轴承疲劳寿命及可靠性强化试验技术现状及发展[J].现代零部件,2007,(2).
146.王欢,王红霞,刘强.滚动轴承寿命计算中当量动载荷的确定[J].机械制造与研究,2010,4(2)：68-70.
147.王勇.滚动轴承寿命计算[J].电机控制与应用,2009,36(7)：14-18.
148.孟雅俊,上官同英,沈娣丽.向心角接触滚动轴承轴向载荷的分析[J].科教文汇,2010,(2)：94-95.
149.郭红,来新民,岑少起.新型阶梯圆柱销节流向心静压轴承特性研究[J].机械设计,2009,26(9)：18-20.
150.张嬿妮.热重分析在研究煤氧复合过程中的应用[D].西安：西安科技大学,2004.
151.张辛亥,徐精彩,邓军,等.煤的耗氧速度及其影响因素恒温实验研究[J].西安科技学院学报,2002,22(3)：243-246.
2.乔奶平.矿井防灭火及其防治措施[J].山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2012,25(4)：56-57.
3.蒯多磊.易自燃煤层小煤柱掘进煤炭自燃防治技术研究[D].安徽：安徽理工大学,2012：1-19
4.周心权.矿井火灾救灾理论与实践[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1996.
5. Smith A.C., Lazzara C.P. Inhibition of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal, Report of investigation-Unites States[R]. Bureau of mines, Pittsburgh, PA, USA1998
6.煤矿安全规程[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2004.
7.朱红青.火灾防治技术措施决策系统的研究[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2001
8.孟宪锐,王鸿鹏,刘朝晖,等.我国厚煤层开采方法的选择原则与发展现状[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,36(1)：39-44.
9.杨保国.一次采全高开采技术在煤层开采中的应用研究[J].科技与企业,2012,(5)：130.
10.郭联宏.长治王庄煤矿中硬煤层大采高一次采全高开采技术[J].煤,2011,20(12)：39-40.
11.曹凯,连玉中,王帅领,等.急倾斜特厚煤层分层开采工作面防灭火技术研究现状及对策[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(4)：124-126.
12.韩宗宏,方海滨.港口煤堆自燃原因及防自燃技术浅析[J].煤质技术,2009,(03)：33-34.
13.宋志,曹坤,王国道,等.矸石堆自燃火灾的影响因素与防治途径分析[J].东北煤炭技术,1999,(06)：30-32.
14.黄相明.综放面注氮防灭火综合技术应用研究[J].煤矿现代化,2010,(1)：44-45.
15.黄文清.注氮防火工艺在综放工作面的应用[J].煤炭技术,2009,28(2)：102-103.
16.肖蕾,郭玉东,张平银.注氮防灭火技术在煤矿中的应用[J].宁夏工程技术,2009,8(1)：19-22.
17.沈浩天.注氮工艺在矿井防灭火工作中的应用[J].水力采煤与管道运输,2011.(3)：33-34.
18.姬建虎,谢强燕,王长元.煤自燃内在影响因素分析[J].矿业安全与环保,2008,(03)：24-26.
19. Helle S., Gopdon A., Alfaro G., et al. Coal blend combustion:Link between unburnt carbon in fly ashes and maceral composition[J]. Fuel Process Techno.,2003,80(3):209-223.
20.翟小伟.煤氧化过程CO产生机理及安全指标研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2012：1-20
21.王从陆,伍爱友,蔡康旭.煤炭自燃过程中耗氧速率与温度耦合研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2006(4)：65-67.
22.刘剑,王继仁,孙宝铮.煤的活化能理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(3)：316-320.
23.文虎.煤自燃过程的实验及数值模拟研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2003.
24.文虎,徐精彩,李莉.煤自燃的热量积聚过程及影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4)：370-374.
25.周凤增.煤矿井下自燃火源定位技术的研究与应用[D].北京：中国矿业大学(北京),2010.
26.蒋金平.采空区地层沉陷过程中关键岩层的作用[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增)：439-442.
27.李诚.坚硬厚层灰岩顶板综放开采顶板垮落规律研究[D].北京：中国矿业大学(北京),2007：17-37.
28.王志国,周宏伟,谢和平,等.深部开采上覆岩层移动的现场监测分析[J].金属矿山,2009,(1)：145-150.
29.钱鸣高,许家林.覆岩采动裂隙分布的“0”形圈特征研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(5)：466-469.
30. Sehgal.V.K,Kunar.A.... Thick and steep seam mining in North Eastern Coalfield International, Symposium on thick seam mining, problem and issues,1992.
31.杨胜强,张人伟,邸志前,等.综采面采空区自燃“三带”的分布规律[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1)：93-96.
32.李宗翔,许端平,刘立群.采空区自然发火三带划分的数值模拟[N].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,10(5)：545-548.
33. Zhu Mingshan, Xu yingqin, Wu jiang. Computer simulation of spontaneous in goaf,Proceedings of the US Mine Ventilation Symposium[A]. Published by SME.Liteton, CO.USA.1991.
34. Schmal D. A model for the spontaneous heating of stored coal[D]. Delft:University of Delft.1987.
35. Nordon P. Spontaneous combustion interactive heat and mass transfer driven by a chemical Reaction[A]. Third Australasian Conference on Heat&Mass Transfer.1985.
36. Brooks Kevin, Svanas Nicoloas, Glasser David. Critical temperatures of some Turkish coals due to spontaneous combustion[J]. Journal of Mines, Metals&Fuels.1988.
37. Sasaki Kyuro, Miyakoshi Hiroshi,Otsuka Kazuo. Spontaneous combustion of coal in the low temperature range-application of exposure equivalent-time to numerical analysis[J]. Journal of the mining and metallurgical institute of Japan.1987.
38.卞晓锴,包宗宏,史美仁.采空区温度场模拟及煤自燃状态预测[J].南京化工大学学报,2000,22(2)；44-47.
39.冯小平.采空区高温点位置确定的计算机模拟分析[J].淮南矿业学院学报,1995,15(3)：37-41.
40.张瑞林,杨运良,史本林,等.综放采空区自燃带的三维数值模拟研究[J].煤矿安全,2000,(10)：33-35
41. Marian Branny. Modelowanie pozaru endogenicznego w zrobach lub w szcczelinach. GIG,Konferencja naukowo-techniczna, Ustrofn.1994.
42.徐精彩,文虎,邓军.煤自燃极限参数研究[J].火灾科学,2000,9(2)：15-18.
43. Xu Jingcai, Deng Jun, Wen Hu. Investigation into the surface active groups of coal, Journal of coal science&Engineering,2001,7(1):88-96.
44.邓军,徐精彩,文虎.综放采煤法中沿空巷道煤层自然发火预测模型研究[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1)：63-66.
45.徐精彩,文虎,张辛亥.综放面巷道煤层自燃危险区域判定方法[J].北京科技大学学报,2003,25(1)：10-11.
46.邓军,徐精彩,文虎.采空区自然发火动态数学模型研究[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,1998,13(1)：11-16
47.文虎,徐精彩,李莉.煤自燃的热量积聚过程及影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4)：371-373.
48. Wen Hu, Xu Jingeai, Ge Lingmei, etc. Numerieal Analysis and Dynamic Simulation of Coal Spontaneous Combustion[A]. Proeess in safety science and technology PartB,2002:820-823.
49.李宗翔,衣刚,武建国,等.基于“0”型冒落及耗氧非均匀采空区自燃分布特征[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3)：484-489.
50.李宗翔,吴强,王志清.自燃采空区耗氧-升温的区域分布特征[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(5)：667-672.
51.何启林,王德明.综放面采空区遗煤自然发火过程动态数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1)：11-14.
52.邢真强,何启林,彭伟.综放工作面采空区“三带”规律研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2013,40(2)：5-7.
53.何启林,袁树杰,王新建,等.徐庄煤矿综放采空区“三带”宽度的确定[J].煤矿安全,2001,(2)：6-7.
54.何启林,王德明.综放面采空区遗煤自然发火过程动态数值模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1)：12-14.
55.余明高,黄之聪,岳超平.煤最短自然发火期解算数学模型[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(5)：516-519.
56.宋志,曹坤,孙宝铮.采场自然发火的预测和识别[J].黑龙江矿业学院学报,1999,9(3)：23-25.
57.孙家良.煤炭内因火灾一般规律及防灭火技术分析[J].科技风,2012,(10)：84.
58. J.C. Jones. A new and more reliable test for the propensity of coals and carbons to spontaneous heating[J]. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries.2000,13:52-55.
59.肖雪峰.注氮技术在采空区防灭火中的应用[J].煤矿开采,2010,15(1)：97-98.
60.陈全,王省身.综放采场自然发火规律及注氮防灭火技术研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(6)：618-623.
61.吴珍,刘雅俊,常兴武.综放工作面注氮工艺研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,1999,18(2)：215-217.
62.黄华,王菊,董苗苗.液氮在煤矿火灾中的应用[J].安全科学技术,2011,(11)：10-12.
63.杨志功,穆守丽.综采放顶煤工作面采空区注氮防灭火工艺的实践[J].煤矿安全,2008,(5)：30-34.
64.刘谦,林柏泉,朱传杰,等.采空区自燃火灾防治技术[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(9)：68-71.
65. Guan H.Y., Fan X.J., Wu C.C. Study on Thermodynamic system and detecting model of coal fire area[C]. International Conference on Coal Fire Research, Nov.29-Dec.1,2005, Beijing, Abstract:152-154
66.邓军,徐精彩,阮国强,等.国内外煤炭自然发火预测预报技术综述[J].西安矿业学院学报,1999,(04)：295-297
67. Garcia P.The use of differential scanning calorimeter to identify coals susceptible to spontaneous combustion[J]. Thermo Chemical acts,1999,336(1-2):41-46.
68.赵摇磐,邬剑明,周春山.自燃采空区注浆灭火浆液扩散行为研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2013,40(1)：37-39.
69.魏文柱.三相泡沫技术在治理回采工作面火灾中的应用[J].河北煤炭,2008,(1)：18-19.
70.李晓.三相泡沫在防治平煤一矿采空区自然发火中的应用研究[J].现代企业教育,2012,(1)：89-90.
71.邬剑明.煤自燃火灾防治新技术及矿用新型密闭堵漏材料的研究与应用[D].山西：太原理工大学,2008：5-20.
72. Yuan LSAC. Computational fluid dynamics study on the ventilation flow paths in longwall gobs[C]. Proceedings of the11th U.S./North American Mine Ventilation Symposium-11th U.S./North American Mine Ventilation Symposium2006.
73.黄光磊.均压通风在防止矿井漏风中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2010,36(增)：64-65.
74.张斌.均压通风防灭火技术的应用实践[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(2)：96-98.
75.华德宏.“隔离技术”在矿井防灭火中的应用[J].能源技术与管理,2012,(2)：95-97.
76.刘洁.矿用高水封堵防灭火材料及其应用研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2010：40-54.
77.张东坡.易自燃特厚煤层综放面采空区注氮防灭火技术研究与应用[D].山西：太原理工大学,2010：1-28.
78.韩占忠FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2004：14-22.
79.金龙哲,姚伟.采空区瓦斯渗流规律的CFD模拟[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(9)：1476-1480.
80.朱红青,刘星魁.采空区非间隔性注氮防火效果及施工参数[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(5)：706-712.
81.范慕辉,焦永树.材料力学教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010：10-64.
82.刘鸿文.材料力学(第四版).北京：高等教育出版社.2004.
83.戴少度.材料力学[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2000：8-67.
84.韩江水,屈钧利.弹性力学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2007：78-109.
85.陆明万,罗学富.弹性理论基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2000：209-285.
86.王焕定.结构力学第3版[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2010：19-121.
87.樊友景,高建华,李大望.均布荷载作用下两端固支梁的弹性力学解[J].河南科学,2006,24(2)：237-240.
88.李会知,杨建中,刘敏珊.均布荷载作用下两端固支梁的弹塑性分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(4)：447-451.
89.樊友景,李乐,李会知.集中荷载作用下固支梁的弹性力学分析[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2008,40(1)：116-129.
90.陈玉骥.单跨超静定梁在均布荷载作用下的弹性力学解[J].海南大学学报：自然科学版,2002,20(2)：188-191.
91. Z.Mroz&P.Nawrochi. Deformation and stability of an elastic-plastic softening pillar.Rock, Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1989.(22):69-102.
92.李树刚.综放面采空区矿压特征与漏风形态[J].焦作工学院学报,1997,16(6)：6-10.
93. Euring A.J.Warble,etc. Rock Mechanics Design for Rock Bolting in British Coal Mines.16th World Mining Congress,35-39.
94.李鹏博,侯忠杰,罗小新,等.老顶分层厚度对工作面初次来压步距的影响[J].陕西煤炭,2007,(1)：26-28.
95. K.Hurt. New Developments of Rock Bolting, Colliery Guardian.1994.7
96. Gleick,J.Chaos. Making a New Science. New York:Penguin Books,1987
97. Stephen. Cable Supports for Improved Long Wall Gateway Stability.12th Conference on Ground Control in Mining,1993:9-15
98. P.Willians. The Development of Rock Bolting in UK Coal Mines. Mining Engineering,1994.5
99.钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003：20-40.
100.谢胜华.地表厚土层浅埋煤层覆岩运动与破坏规律研究[D].西安：西安科技学院,2002.
101.鹿志发.浅埋深煤层顶板力学结构与支架适应性研究[D].北京：煤科总院北京开采所,2007：34-57.
102.杨帆.浅埋深“两硬”厚煤层综放工作面矿压规律研究[D].北京：中国矿业大学(北京),2007：9-41.
103.黄霆.直接放顶煤和预采顶分层放顶煤矿压规律对比[D].北京：中国矿业大学(北京),2007：8-27
104. Po.Grady.P.Fuller.P.Digit. Cable Bolting in Australian Coal Mines Current Practice and Design Considerations. Mining Engineer.1994:154-396
105. Robert Stefanko. COAL MINING TECHNOLOGY THEORY AND PRACTICE.New York:Society of Mining Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc,1983.
106. Sehgal.V.K,Kunar.A....Thick and steep seam mining in North Eastern Coalfield International Symposium on thick seam mining, problem and issues,1992.
107.安金龙.水平定向钻穿越回拖力的计算方法及其分析[J].江汉石油科技,2007,17(2)：53-58.
108.柳金海.不良条件管道工程设计与施工手册.中国物价出版社,1992.
109.刘大鹏,尤晓伟.土力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005：197-204.
110.张土乔,王直民,吴小刚.上埋式深埋管涵土压力分布的弹性解[J].中国农村水利水电2006,(9)：94-97
111.魏红卫,张起森.考虑位移协调的上埋式圆管涵设计方法[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(6)：737-741.
112.刘全林,杨敏.上埋式管道上竖向土压力计算的探讨[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2)：214-218.
113.黄清猷.填埋式地下圆形结构物周边土压力分布的有限元解[J].土木工程学报,1982,15(3)：52-56
114.徐园园,于广明,李长江,等.采动覆岩的叠层板—卸荷拱模型研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,33(3)：7-10
115.叶晓明,孟凡涛,许年春.土层水平卸荷拱的形成条件[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002, 21(5)：745-748
116.夏志成.卸荷拱承载力计算研究[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(128)：178-182
117.钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003：40-60.
118.钱鸣高.矿山压力及其控制[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1991.
119.景锋,边智华,陈昊,等.不同岩性侧压系数分布规律的统计分析[N].长江科学院院报,2008,25(4)：48-51.
120.陈育民,徐鼎平FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010：10-64.
121. Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in three Dimensions Users, Guide[S].Version2.1:Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.,2002.
122. Manual of FLAC3D, Itasca Consulting Group. Inc,1997.
123.刘波,韩彦辉FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005.
124.高永刚.基于AutoCAD的FLAC3D模型快速建模方法研究[D].西安：西安科技大学,2012：23-47
125.孟厦FLAC3D前处理程序开发及其工程应用研究[D].安徽：安徽理工大学,2009：4-39
126.胡国伟,靳钟铭.基于FLAC3D模拟的大采高采场支承压力分布规律研究[J].山西煤炭,2006,26(2)：10-12.
127.曾垒,项一凡.用FLAC3D实现综放工作面三维矿压模拟的探讨[J].煤炭工程,2007,(6)：86-88.
128.来兴平,伍永平,蔡美峰FLAC在地下巷道离层破坏非线性数值模拟中的应用[J].西安科技学院学报,2000,20(3)：193-195.
129. Hakami H. Rock characterisation facility (RCF) shaft sinking numerical computations using FLAC[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(1):59-65.
130.曹平,董志明,姚劲松.岩质边坡稳定性的FLAC3D数值模拟分析[J].西部探矿工程,2006,125：268-270.
131. Goetzee, M.J., R.D.Hart, P.M.Varona, P.A.Cundall. FLAC Basics, Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group, Inc,1988.
132. Chan S K, Tuba I S. A finite element method for contact problems of solid bodies-Part Ⅰ. Theory and Validation. Int J Meth Sci.1971,13:615-625.
133.陈守俊,李强,张毅,等.油套管联接拧紧扭矩的计算方法研究[J].华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(5)：737-742.
134.陈手俊.油套管螺纹联接力学行为及粘扣失效过程研究[D].上海：华东理工大学,2011：13-45.
135. Dano M L et al. Stress and failure analysis of mechanically fastened joints in composit laminates. Compos Struct-2000,50(3):287-296.
136.陈守俊,高连新,张毅,等.具有局部牙形误差的油套管螺纹联接受力分析.华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(6)：843-850.
137. Ogasawara M,Khoyama F,Tsukano Y. Optimum use of environmentally safe compound grease for application of casing and tubing connection makeup. SPE22555.1991.
138.郭卫凡,黄卫健.螺纹受力分布分析方法及其应用实例[J].机械与电子,2010,(10)：70-71.
139. Yokoyama T., Oishi K, Kimura M, Izumi S, Sakai S.. Evaluation of Loosening Resistance Performance of Conical Spring Washer by Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis. J. Solid Mech Mater Eng2008,2(1):38-40.
140.黄华梁,彭文生.机械设计基础(第四版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007.
141.于雅文,王江,朱大志,等.拖管注氮工艺在大兴煤矿的成功应用[J].煤矿安全,2010,(06)：36-38.
142.给水排水工程管道结构设计规范GB50332-2002[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002：10-46
143. G.F. Wang, J.F. Liu. Compatibility design of equipment&its practice for fully mechanized coal working face with a larger dip.5th International Symposium on Mining Science and Technology.2004.
144.莫海军,蓝民华,杨林丰.机械零件设计有关寿命问题的研究[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(8)：93-96.
145.李兴林.滚动轴承疲劳寿命及可靠性强化试验技术现状及发展[J].现代零部件,2007,(2).
146.王欢,王红霞,刘强.滚动轴承寿命计算中当量动载荷的确定[J].机械制造与研究,2010,4(2)：68-70.
147.王勇.滚动轴承寿命计算[J].电机控制与应用,2009,36(7)：14-18.
148.孟雅俊,上官同英,沈娣丽.向心角接触滚动轴承轴向载荷的分析[J].科教文汇,2010,(2)：94-95.
149.郭红,来新民,岑少起.新型阶梯圆柱销节流向心静压轴承特性研究[J].机械设计,2009,26(9)：18-20.
150.张嬿妮.热重分析在研究煤氧复合过程中的应用[D].西安：西安科技大学,2004.
151.张辛亥,徐精彩,邓军,等.煤的耗氧速度及其影响因素恒温实验研究[J].西安科技学院学报,2002,22(3)：243-246.