矿用防灭火有机固化泡沫配制及其产生装置研究
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摘要
针对目前煤矿防灭火技术和封堵材料存在的不足,为有效防治矿井火灾、封闭火区、封堵采空区中的孔隙和裂隙、防治瓦斯涌出与积聚、以及快速、高效地扑灭矿井火源,本文开展了矿用防灭火有机固化泡沫配制及其产生装置的研究。
首先,为了研究出各成份最佳的有机泡沫配制关系,运用正交试验,分别对树脂液、发泡剂以及两者之间的质量比进行了研究,得出:树脂液原材料A1和A2取摩尔当量比为1.1:1;发泡剂组合为可溶性易升华固体和有机发泡剂;树脂液和发泡剂的质量比取1:0.3。研究结果表明要得到最大的有机固化泡沫的附着力,必须在发泡倍数为25时,将有机固化泡沫喷射到附着物表面。为了研究出最佳的固化时间,运用泡沫液膜排液分析仪器,对泡沫体排液量与时间之间进行了研究,得出:在区间5-30 min,泡沫液膜主要表现为重力排液;在区间30-60min,泡沫液膜主要表现为重力和PB区曲面压力差共同排液;60min后,泡沫液膜主要表现为PB区曲面压力差排液。研究结果表明要得到最佳的有机固化泡沫,必须在5min内进行有机泡沫交联反应。
其次,为了研究出最佳固化剂原材料及催化剂组合,运用有机固化泡沫实验系统,对四种固化剂以及两类催化剂进行了研究,得出:固化剂原材料A&B与泡沫液发生链增长反应,泡沫粘度急速变大直至固化,主要作用于成胶反应,所产生的固化泡沫泡孔均匀,稳定性强,但固化剂A在反应过程中产生较强的臭味气体;固化剂C&D与泡沫液反应较慢,发泡倍数高,主要作用于发泡反应,但产品较脆,稳定性差,固化剂D作用时间过长;叔胺类催化剂能促进发泡反应并能有效平衡发泡反应和成胶反应;金属有机化合物催化剂能迅速促进成胶反应并固化,发泡倍数低,不能平衡发泡反应和成胶反应。研究结果表明矿用有机固化泡沫的最佳固化剂组合为B&C和叔胺类催化剂。
再次,为了研制出双组份有机固化泡沫发泡器,运用Fluent模拟软件,在入口速度为3 m/s时,对发泡器喷管以及树脂溶液管和发泡剂溶液管同时与-x轴成30o、45o和60o三种情况进行了研究,得出:喷管扩散段最大相对负压值为12200Pa、最大负压处距喉部0.0025m;树脂溶液管和发泡剂溶液管与-x轴60o时,双组份有机固化泡沫发泡效果最佳。根据结果设计出了双组份有机固化泡沫负压泡沫发生装置。为了研制出单组份有机固化泡沫包装体系,对树脂液原材料以及溶器罐进行了研究,得出:带有不饱和基的单组份有机固化泡沫预聚体,由于该预聚体遇空气会发生固化反应,以及抛射剂进入空气后会汽化等特点,研制了将树脂液、表面活性剂和抛射剂封装于一体的单组份有机固化泡沫包装体系。
最后,通过实验得出了双组分泡沫和单组分泡沫的发泡倍数分别为32倍和66倍;双组分泡沫表干时间为7.3min,实干时间为78.3min,单组分泡沫表干时间为5.8min,实干时间为72.1min。得出了有机固化泡沫与煤岩石的附着力为2.1MPa;有焰燃烧时间为5s,无焰燃烧时间为18s;在压力差为125Pa时,漏风流动速率为2 10-5 m3/s。
In view of the present insufficiency in the mine fire prevention and extinguishing technology and sealing materials, in order to effectively prevent and control mine fires, close fire zone, plugging the pores and crack in gob, prevent and control gas emission and accumulation, and extinguish mine fire quickly and efficiently, organic curing foam techniques and machine for mine fire prevention and extinguishing are proposed.
Firstly, in order to work out the optimum preparation formula of organic foam, liquid resin, foaming agent, and the mass ratio of these two were studied respectively applying the orthogonal test, obtained: the molar equivalent ratio of liquid resin raw materials A1 and A2 was 1:1; foaming agent was comprised of soluble solid, who is easy to sublimate, and organic foaming agent; the mass ratio of liquid resin and foaming agent was 1:0.3. The research results showed that to maximize the adhesion of organic curing foam, one must jet the organic curing foam to the attachments surface when the foam multiple was 25. In order to work out the optimum curing time, the relationship between foam drainage volume and time was studied applying the analysis instrument of foam liquid membrane drainage, obtained: in the range of 5-30 min, foam liquid membrane mainly drained under the gravity; in the range 30-60min, foam liquid membrane drained under the action of the gravity and PB area surface pressure difference; after 60min, mainly for the PB zone surface pressure difference drain. The results showed that to obtain the best organic curing foam, organic foam crosslinking reaction must be carried out in 5min.
Secondly, in order to work out the optimum combination of curing agent materials and catalysts, four kinds of curing agents and two types of catalysts were studied applying organic curing foam experimental system, obtained: curing agent raw materials A&B and foam liquid occurred propagating reaction, the foam viscosity rapidly largened until curing, it primarily acted on the gel reaction, the resulting foam cured evenly, with strong stability, but Curing Agent A produced gas with strong smell in the reaction; Curing Agent C&D responded slowly with the foam fluid, the foaming multiple was high, it primarily acted on the foaming reaction, but the product was brittle, with poor stability, the action time of Curing Agent D was too long. Tertiary amine catalysts could promote the foaming reaction and effectively balance the foaming reaction and gel reaction; metal organic compounds catalysts could rapidly promote gel reaction and cured, the foaming multiple was low, could not balance the foaming reaction and gel reaction. The research results showed the optimum curing agents combination of mine-used organic curing foam was B&C and tertiary amine catalysts.
Thirdly, in order to develop a two-component organic curing foam foaming machine, the foaming agent nozzle, resin solution tube and foaming agent solution tube simultaneously formed angles of 30 o, 45 o and 60 o with-x axis at the entrance speed of 3 m/s, these three cases were studied applying Fluent simulation software, obtained: the maximum relative negative pressure value of the foam nozzle diffuser could form was 12200Pa, the place of the maximum negative pressure was 0.0025m far from the throat; the foaming effect of two-component organic curing foam was optimum when the resin solution tube and foaming agent solution tube were 60o with -x-axis. On the basis of the results, two-component organic curing foam negative pressure foam generating machine was designed. In order to develop the one-component organic curing foam packing system, the resin liquid raw materials and containers were studied, obtained: single-component organic curing foam prepolymer with unsaturation, since the prepolymer would occur curing reaction with the air, and the propellent would vaporize when into the air, etc, single-component organic curing foam packing system packing liquid resin, surfactant and propellent all in one was developed.
Finally, experiment results showed the foaming multiples of the two-component foam and the one-component foam were respectively 32 times and 66 times; the surface drying time and the pragmatic drying time of two-component foam were respectively 7.3min and 78.3min, those of single-component foam were respectively 5.8min and 72.1min. Organic curing foam adhesion to the rock and coal was 2.1MPa; the flaming combustion time was 5s, and the flameless combustion time was 18s; the air leakage flow rate was 2×10-5m3/s when the pressure difference was 125Pa.
首先,为了研究出各成份最佳的有机泡沫配制关系,运用正交试验,分别对树脂液、发泡剂以及两者之间的质量比进行了研究,得出:树脂液原材料A1和A2取摩尔当量比为1.1:1;发泡剂组合为可溶性易升华固体和有机发泡剂;树脂液和发泡剂的质量比取1:0.3。研究结果表明要得到最大的有机固化泡沫的附着力,必须在发泡倍数为25时,将有机固化泡沫喷射到附着物表面。为了研究出最佳的固化时间,运用泡沫液膜排液分析仪器,对泡沫体排液量与时间之间进行了研究,得出:在区间5-30 min,泡沫液膜主要表现为重力排液;在区间30-60min,泡沫液膜主要表现为重力和PB区曲面压力差共同排液;60min后,泡沫液膜主要表现为PB区曲面压力差排液。研究结果表明要得到最佳的有机固化泡沫,必须在5min内进行有机泡沫交联反应。
其次,为了研究出最佳固化剂原材料及催化剂组合,运用有机固化泡沫实验系统,对四种固化剂以及两类催化剂进行了研究,得出:固化剂原材料A&B与泡沫液发生链增长反应,泡沫粘度急速变大直至固化,主要作用于成胶反应,所产生的固化泡沫泡孔均匀,稳定性强,但固化剂A在反应过程中产生较强的臭味气体;固化剂C&D与泡沫液反应较慢,发泡倍数高,主要作用于发泡反应,但产品较脆,稳定性差,固化剂D作用时间过长;叔胺类催化剂能促进发泡反应并能有效平衡发泡反应和成胶反应;金属有机化合物催化剂能迅速促进成胶反应并固化,发泡倍数低,不能平衡发泡反应和成胶反应。研究结果表明矿用有机固化泡沫的最佳固化剂组合为B&C和叔胺类催化剂。
再次,为了研制出双组份有机固化泡沫发泡器,运用Fluent模拟软件,在入口速度为3 m/s时,对发泡器喷管以及树脂溶液管和发泡剂溶液管同时与-x轴成30o、45o和60o三种情况进行了研究,得出:喷管扩散段最大相对负压值为12200Pa、最大负压处距喉部0.0025m;树脂溶液管和发泡剂溶液管与-x轴60o时,双组份有机固化泡沫发泡效果最佳。根据结果设计出了双组份有机固化泡沫负压泡沫发生装置。为了研制出单组份有机固化泡沫包装体系,对树脂液原材料以及溶器罐进行了研究,得出:带有不饱和基的单组份有机固化泡沫预聚体,由于该预聚体遇空气会发生固化反应,以及抛射剂进入空气后会汽化等特点,研制了将树脂液、表面活性剂和抛射剂封装于一体的单组份有机固化泡沫包装体系。
最后,通过实验得出了双组分泡沫和单组分泡沫的发泡倍数分别为32倍和66倍;双组分泡沫表干时间为7.3min,实干时间为78.3min,单组分泡沫表干时间为5.8min,实干时间为72.1min。得出了有机固化泡沫与煤岩石的附着力为2.1MPa;有焰燃烧时间为5s,无焰燃烧时间为18s;在压力差为125Pa时,漏风流动速率为2 10-5 m3/s。
In view of the present insufficiency in the mine fire prevention and extinguishing technology and sealing materials, in order to effectively prevent and control mine fires, close fire zone, plugging the pores and crack in gob, prevent and control gas emission and accumulation, and extinguish mine fire quickly and efficiently, organic curing foam techniques and machine for mine fire prevention and extinguishing are proposed.
Firstly, in order to work out the optimum preparation formula of organic foam, liquid resin, foaming agent, and the mass ratio of these two were studied respectively applying the orthogonal test, obtained: the molar equivalent ratio of liquid resin raw materials A1 and A2 was 1:1; foaming agent was comprised of soluble solid, who is easy to sublimate, and organic foaming agent; the mass ratio of liquid resin and foaming agent was 1:0.3. The research results showed that to maximize the adhesion of organic curing foam, one must jet the organic curing foam to the attachments surface when the foam multiple was 25. In order to work out the optimum curing time, the relationship between foam drainage volume and time was studied applying the analysis instrument of foam liquid membrane drainage, obtained: in the range of 5-30 min, foam liquid membrane mainly drained under the gravity; in the range 30-60min, foam liquid membrane drained under the action of the gravity and PB area surface pressure difference; after 60min, mainly for the PB zone surface pressure difference drain. The results showed that to obtain the best organic curing foam, organic foam crosslinking reaction must be carried out in 5min.
Secondly, in order to work out the optimum combination of curing agent materials and catalysts, four kinds of curing agents and two types of catalysts were studied applying organic curing foam experimental system, obtained: curing agent raw materials A&B and foam liquid occurred propagating reaction, the foam viscosity rapidly largened until curing, it primarily acted on the gel reaction, the resulting foam cured evenly, with strong stability, but Curing Agent A produced gas with strong smell in the reaction; Curing Agent C&D responded slowly with the foam fluid, the foaming multiple was high, it primarily acted on the foaming reaction, but the product was brittle, with poor stability, the action time of Curing Agent D was too long. Tertiary amine catalysts could promote the foaming reaction and effectively balance the foaming reaction and gel reaction; metal organic compounds catalysts could rapidly promote gel reaction and cured, the foaming multiple was low, could not balance the foaming reaction and gel reaction. The research results showed the optimum curing agents combination of mine-used organic curing foam was B&C and tertiary amine catalysts.
Thirdly, in order to develop a two-component organic curing foam foaming machine, the foaming agent nozzle, resin solution tube and foaming agent solution tube simultaneously formed angles of 30 o, 45 o and 60 o with-x axis at the entrance speed of 3 m/s, these three cases were studied applying Fluent simulation software, obtained: the maximum relative negative pressure value of the foam nozzle diffuser could form was 12200Pa, the place of the maximum negative pressure was 0.0025m far from the throat; the foaming effect of two-component organic curing foam was optimum when the resin solution tube and foaming agent solution tube were 60o with -x-axis. On the basis of the results, two-component organic curing foam negative pressure foam generating machine was designed. In order to develop the one-component organic curing foam packing system, the resin liquid raw materials and containers were studied, obtained: single-component organic curing foam prepolymer with unsaturation, since the prepolymer would occur curing reaction with the air, and the propellent would vaporize when into the air, etc, single-component organic curing foam packing system packing liquid resin, surfactant and propellent all in one was developed.
Finally, experiment results showed the foaming multiples of the two-component foam and the one-component foam were respectively 32 times and 66 times; the surface drying time and the pragmatic drying time of two-component foam were respectively 7.3min and 78.3min, those of single-component foam were respectively 5.8min and 72.1min. Organic curing foam adhesion to the rock and coal was 2.1MPa; the flaming combustion time was 5s, and the flameless combustion time was 18s; the air leakage flow rate was 2×10-5m3/s when the pressure difference was 125Pa.
引文
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