溶磷菌的筛选及产酸溶磷特性研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的快速发展,对磷资源的需求量也在不断扩大,磷矿作为不可再生资源,随着可直接利用的富矿以及具有开采价值的磷矿不断地减少,对磷矿的需求及资源短缺的矛盾日益突出,2000年国土资源部已将磷矿列为2010年后不能满足国民经济发展需求的20个矿种之一,磷资源不足将严重制约我国磷肥行业的发展,直接牵扯到我国农业的发展。我国磷矿资源相对匾乏,富矿较少,中低品位磷矿占总资源量的80%以上。利用溶磷微生物活化中低品位磷矿具有节约能源、降低成本、保护环境、提高资源利用率等深远意义。
本文从溶磷菌的筛选入手,主要研究了菌株J4以木薯粉为碳源的产酸特性,在了解其产酸特性的基础上,进一步研究了菌株J4溶磷特性。研究结果表明:
(1)对荒地、梨园和桃园三种不同土地利用方式的土壤可培养微生物区系存在一定差异,其差异和程度因微生物类型有一定的不同,土壤可培养细菌和真菌总体数量大小关系为梨园>桃园>荒地,土壤可培养放线菌数量大小关系为梨园>荒地>桃园。从土壤和果皮共分离筛选12株具有一定解磷能力的菌株,其HD/CD值在1.18~2.79之间,有效溶磷量在29.29~199.11mg·L-1之间,均具有较强溶磷作用。综合固体培养条件和液体培养条件下各菌株的产酸溶磷情况发现,JP-3-4的产酸溶磷能力高于其它菌株。
(2)以木薯粉为碳源,菌株J4的最适氮源为硝酸铵,最适初始pH值为5.0左右,最适发酵温度为35℃左右,250ml三角瓶中最佳装液量为50ml,最佳起始糖浓度为14%,最佳发酵时间为120h。液体发酵过程中,金属离子对发酵产酸影响的大小顺序为锌>镁>钾>铜>铁>锰。在最适的发酵条件下,总酸达到9.21%,转化率为65.79%。
(3)通过扫描电镜可以观察出菌株J4对磷矿具有解磷作用。菌株J4在以木薯粉为碳源,以硫酸铵为氮源,5%~10%的固液比时其发酵溶磷能力最强,溶磷率最高。通过溶磷量与磷矿成份相关分析表明:溶磷量与P2O5和SiO2达到了显著正相关(n=4),与MgO和CO2达到了显著负相关(n=4)。
With the rapid development of the national economy, the demand for resources of phosphate are also expanding as a non-renewable resources of phosphate rock, with direct access to the rich as well as the value of the phosphate mining continue to decrease, the demand for phosphate rock and shortage of resources have become increasingly prominent in 2000 as the Ministry of Land and Resources has phosphorus after 2010 can not meet the needs of national economic development, one of 20 minerals, phosphorus will be the lack of resources severely constrained the development of China's phosphate fertilizer industry, directly involved China's agricultural development. Important resources of our lack of phosphate, less rich, low-grade phosphate rock in the total resources of more than 80%. The use of phosphate solubilization in the microbial activation of low-grade phosphate rock with energy conservation, reduce costs, protect the environment, improve resource utilization, such as far-reaching significance.
In this study, Phosphours solizinig bacteria were screened from soil, the mainly studied is the Isolate J4 flour as carbon source in the acidogenic properties, in the understanding of their fermentation characteristics on the basis of further study of the characteristics of Isolate J4 phosphate solubilization. The results show that:
(1) Liyuan and Taoyuan use three different forms of soil microflora can be cultured, There is a certain difference in the degree of their differences and micro-organisms have different types of soil culturable bacteria and fungi the size of the overall relationship between the number of pear orchard> Taoyuan> land, cultivate the soil can be the size of the number of actinomycetes relations Liyuan> wasteland> Taoyuan. Peel from the soil and isolated a total of 12 have a certain strain the capacity of PAM, the HD / CD values between 1.18 ~ 2.79, the effective amount of soluble phosphorus in the 29.29 ~ 199.11mg ? L-1 between the strong have a melting the role of phosphorus. Integrated solid and liquid culture conditions of the strain cultured under the conditions of the production situation of acid-soluble phosphorus was found, Isolate J4 production capacity of acid-soluble phosphorus than the other strains.
(2) of manioc flour as carbon source, Isolate J4 acid optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: to ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source, 5.0 to about pH value of the start of fermentation, 35℃for about fermentation temperature, 250ml flask in 50ml volume of liquid, 14% of the initial sugar concentration, 120h of fermentation time. Liquid fermentation medium, the metal ions on acid fermentation influence the size of the order of Zn> Mg> K> Cu> Fe> Mn. In the optimum fermentation conditions, the total acid reached 9.21%, 65.79% conversion rate.
(3) by scanning electron microscope to observe the strain J4 on the role of phosphate rock with pralidoxime. J4 strain in manioc flour as carbon source and ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source, 5% ~ 10% when the solid-liquid fermentation than most phosphate solubilization, the highest rate of dissolved phosphorus. Through the volume of dissolved phosphorus and phosphorus composition analysis showed that: the volume of dissolved phosphorus and P2O5 and SiO2 to achieve a significant positive correlation (n = 4), and MgO and CO2 to achieve a significant negative correlation (n = 4).
本文从溶磷菌的筛选入手,主要研究了菌株J4以木薯粉为碳源的产酸特性,在了解其产酸特性的基础上,进一步研究了菌株J4溶磷特性。研究结果表明:
(1)对荒地、梨园和桃园三种不同土地利用方式的土壤可培养微生物区系存在一定差异,其差异和程度因微生物类型有一定的不同,土壤可培养细菌和真菌总体数量大小关系为梨园>桃园>荒地,土壤可培养放线菌数量大小关系为梨园>荒地>桃园。从土壤和果皮共分离筛选12株具有一定解磷能力的菌株,其HD/CD值在1.18~2.79之间,有效溶磷量在29.29~199.11mg·L-1之间,均具有较强溶磷作用。综合固体培养条件和液体培养条件下各菌株的产酸溶磷情况发现,JP-3-4的产酸溶磷能力高于其它菌株。
(2)以木薯粉为碳源,菌株J4的最适氮源为硝酸铵,最适初始pH值为5.0左右,最适发酵温度为35℃左右,250ml三角瓶中最佳装液量为50ml,最佳起始糖浓度为14%,最佳发酵时间为120h。液体发酵过程中,金属离子对发酵产酸影响的大小顺序为锌>镁>钾>铜>铁>锰。在最适的发酵条件下,总酸达到9.21%,转化率为65.79%。
(3)通过扫描电镜可以观察出菌株J4对磷矿具有解磷作用。菌株J4在以木薯粉为碳源,以硫酸铵为氮源,5%~10%的固液比时其发酵溶磷能力最强,溶磷率最高。通过溶磷量与磷矿成份相关分析表明:溶磷量与P2O5和SiO2达到了显著正相关(n=4),与MgO和CO2达到了显著负相关(n=4)。
With the rapid development of the national economy, the demand for resources of phosphate are also expanding as a non-renewable resources of phosphate rock, with direct access to the rich as well as the value of the phosphate mining continue to decrease, the demand for phosphate rock and shortage of resources have become increasingly prominent in 2000 as the Ministry of Land and Resources has phosphorus after 2010 can not meet the needs of national economic development, one of 20 minerals, phosphorus will be the lack of resources severely constrained the development of China's phosphate fertilizer industry, directly involved China's agricultural development. Important resources of our lack of phosphate, less rich, low-grade phosphate rock in the total resources of more than 80%. The use of phosphate solubilization in the microbial activation of low-grade phosphate rock with energy conservation, reduce costs, protect the environment, improve resource utilization, such as far-reaching significance.
In this study, Phosphours solizinig bacteria were screened from soil, the mainly studied is the Isolate J4 flour as carbon source in the acidogenic properties, in the understanding of their fermentation characteristics on the basis of further study of the characteristics of Isolate J4 phosphate solubilization. The results show that:
(1) Liyuan and Taoyuan use three different forms of soil microflora can be cultured, There is a certain difference in the degree of their differences and micro-organisms have different types of soil culturable bacteria and fungi the size of the overall relationship between the number of pear orchard> Taoyuan> land, cultivate the soil can be the size of the number of actinomycetes relations Liyuan> wasteland> Taoyuan. Peel from the soil and isolated a total of 12 have a certain strain the capacity of PAM, the HD / CD values between 1.18 ~ 2.79, the effective amount of soluble phosphorus in the 29.29 ~ 199.11mg ? L-1 between the strong have a melting the role of phosphorus. Integrated solid and liquid culture conditions of the strain cultured under the conditions of the production situation of acid-soluble phosphorus was found, Isolate J4 production capacity of acid-soluble phosphorus than the other strains.
(2) of manioc flour as carbon source, Isolate J4 acid optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: to ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source, 5.0 to about pH value of the start of fermentation, 35℃for about fermentation temperature, 250ml flask in 50ml volume of liquid, 14% of the initial sugar concentration, 120h of fermentation time. Liquid fermentation medium, the metal ions on acid fermentation influence the size of the order of Zn> Mg> K> Cu> Fe> Mn. In the optimum fermentation conditions, the total acid reached 9.21%, 65.79% conversion rate.
(3) by scanning electron microscope to observe the strain J4 on the role of phosphate rock with pralidoxime. J4 strain in manioc flour as carbon source and ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source, 5% ~ 10% when the solid-liquid fermentation than most phosphate solubilization, the highest rate of dissolved phosphorus. Through the volume of dissolved phosphorus and phosphorus composition analysis showed that: the volume of dissolved phosphorus and P2O5 and SiO2 to achieve a significant positive correlation (n = 4), and MgO and CO2 to achieve a significant negative correlation (n = 4).
引文
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