21～42日龄肉仔鸡蛋氨酸需求量的研究
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摘要
本试验设五个处理，每个处理三个重复，每重复20只艾维茵肉仔鸡，公母各半，共计300只。各处理的蛋氨酸水平分别为0.26%、0.31%、0.36%、0.41%和0.46%，观测日粮蛋氨酸含量对21~42日龄各阶段体重、日采食量、料肉比、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率、血浆尿酸浓度等指标的影响，并采用折线模型和二次多项式函数模型估计21~42日龄肉仔鸡蛋氨酸需要量。试验结果表明：
1．不同蛋氨酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响
42日龄体重与日粮蛋氨酸水平间呈显著的二次曲线关系，其中日粮蛋氨酸含量为0.31%、0.36%、0.41%和0.46%时42日龄体重差异不显著(p>0.05)，但均显著高于日粮蛋氨酸0.26%时的42日龄体重。平均日采食量与日粮蛋氨酸含量之间没有显著的相关关系。料肉比与日粮蛋氨酸的含量间呈显著的二次曲线关系，其中0.36%、0.41%和0.46%蛋氨酸组间、0.26%和0.31%蛋氨酸组间差异不显著(p>0.05)， 0.26%水平与0.36%、0.41%、0.46%蛋氨酸间差异显著(p<0.05)。
2．不同蛋氨酸水平对肉仔鸡屠宰性能的影响
胸肌率与日粮蛋氨酸含量间呈显著的二次曲线关系，其中0.26%蛋氨酸组显著(p<0.05)低于其余各组。腿肌率与日粮蛋氨酸含量间没有显著的相关关系。腹脂率与日粮蛋氨酸含量间呈显著的二次曲线关系，其中0.26%、0.31%蛋氨酸水平间差异不显著(p>0.05)，显著大于0.36%、0.41%、0.46%蛋氨酸组(p<0.05),后三组间差异不显著。
3．不同蛋氨酸水平对血浆尿酸浓度的影响
血浆尿酸浓度与日粮蛋氨酸含量有显著的二次曲线关系，总的变化趋势是随饲粮蛋氨酸水平的增加，血浆尿酸水平呈先降低后升高的趋势。其中0.36%和0.41%蛋氨酸组血浆尿酸浓度较低(p>0.05),高或低日粮蛋氨酸均趋于增加血浆尿酸浓度(p>0.05)。
4．拟合的数学模型对肉仔鸡需要量估计的影响
以42日龄体重、料肉比、胸肉率、腹脂率和血浆尿酸浓度为衡量指标，采用折线法估计的21～42日龄肉仔鸡蛋氨酸需要量分别为0.358%、0.359%、0.338%、0.415%、0.356%。采用二次多项式函数模型估计的蛋氨酸需要量分别为0.392%、0.400%、0.390%、0.432%、0.372%。二次多项式函数模型得出的蛋氨酸需要量高于折线模型估计的需要量。
The experiment was conducted on different criteria measured and manthematical models used .Three hundred 21-day old Avian broiler chiks were randomly allocated into five different groups consisted of 3 replication 20 birds each with equal number of males and females. Supplemental dietary Met levels were 0.26%, 0.31%, 0.36%, 41%, 0.46%.Met affected on indices measure was observed. Including body weight, feed intake ,feed conversion rate , breast muscle weight,leg muscle weight ,abdominal fat and the uric acid concentration in plasma.And calculation breast muscle rate , leg muscle rate,abdominal fat rate .The broken-linear model and quadratic multinomial model was used to estimate methionine(Met) requirement of 21-42 days broiler . The results of this experiment were as follow: 1. Effect of different Met levels on the growth performance of 21 -42 days broiler
Body weight at 42 days showed out quadratic related with Met levels. Body weight was no significantly difference among 0.31%, 0.36%, 0.41%and 0.46%Met, but was significantly higher than that of 0.26%Met. Feed intake did not show out quadratic related with Met levels. Feed/meat ratio showed out quadratic related with Met levels.There were not significantly difference between 0.36%,0.41%and 0.46%Met, but had significantly with Q.26%,0.31% Met.0.26%Met had no significantly difference between 0.36%, 0.41%and 0.46%Met. 2. Effect of different Met levels on the slaguant performance of 21 -42 days broiler
Abdominal meal rate showed out quadratic related with Met levels.Fed a diet containing 0.26%Met was less than the other groups. Leg muscle rate did not show out quadratic related with Met levels. Abdominal meat rate did not show out quadratic related with Met- levels.There were not significantly between 0.26% and 0.3M%Met,but wre highter than that of 0.36%,0.41%and 0.46%Met..The other groups had no significantly difference.3. Effect of different Met levels on uric acid concentration of 21-42 days broilerUric acid concentration had quadratic related with Met levels.Uric acid concentration raised as Met levels increased ,but then decreased.Uric acid concentration fed a diet containing 0.36% and 0.41%Met was low (p<0.05).Height or low Met dietary increased uric acid oncentration(p>0.05).4. Effect of the manthmatics model on the requirement of Met for the broiler.Based on the broken linear model ,the total Met requirement for the maximum body weight , feed conversion rate, abdominal fat rate, breast muscle rate and the minimum uric acid concentration is 0.358%、 0.359%、 0.338%、 0.415%、 0.356%, respectively. Based on the quadratic multinomial model,the total Met requirement for the maximum body weight, feed conversion rate, abdominal fat rate, breast muscle rate and the minimum uric acid concentration is 0.392%、 0.400%、 0.390%、 0.432%、 0.372%, respectively. Met requirement based on the quadratic multinomial model was highter than that of Based on the broken linear model.
1．不同蛋氨酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响
42日龄体重与日粮蛋氨酸水平间呈显著的二次曲线关系，其中日粮蛋氨酸含量为0.31%、0.36%、0.41%和0.46%时42日龄体重差异不显著(p>0.05)，但均显著高于日粮蛋氨酸0.26%时的42日龄体重。平均日采食量与日粮蛋氨酸含量之间没有显著的相关关系。料肉比与日粮蛋氨酸的含量间呈显著的二次曲线关系，其中0.36%、0.41%和0.46%蛋氨酸组间、0.26%和0.31%蛋氨酸组间差异不显著(p>0.05)， 0.26%水平与0.36%、0.41%、0.46%蛋氨酸间差异显著(p<0.05)。
2．不同蛋氨酸水平对肉仔鸡屠宰性能的影响
胸肌率与日粮蛋氨酸含量间呈显著的二次曲线关系，其中0.26%蛋氨酸组显著(p<0.05)低于其余各组。腿肌率与日粮蛋氨酸含量间没有显著的相关关系。腹脂率与日粮蛋氨酸含量间呈显著的二次曲线关系，其中0.26%、0.31%蛋氨酸水平间差异不显著(p>0.05)，显著大于0.36%、0.41%、0.46%蛋氨酸组(p<0.05),后三组间差异不显著。
3．不同蛋氨酸水平对血浆尿酸浓度的影响
血浆尿酸浓度与日粮蛋氨酸含量有显著的二次曲线关系，总的变化趋势是随饲粮蛋氨酸水平的增加，血浆尿酸水平呈先降低后升高的趋势。其中0.36%和0.41%蛋氨酸组血浆尿酸浓度较低(p>0.05),高或低日粮蛋氨酸均趋于增加血浆尿酸浓度(p>0.05)。
4．拟合的数学模型对肉仔鸡需要量估计的影响
以42日龄体重、料肉比、胸肉率、腹脂率和血浆尿酸浓度为衡量指标，采用折线法估计的21～42日龄肉仔鸡蛋氨酸需要量分别为0.358%、0.359%、0.338%、0.415%、0.356%。采用二次多项式函数模型估计的蛋氨酸需要量分别为0.392%、0.400%、0.390%、0.432%、0.372%。二次多项式函数模型得出的蛋氨酸需要量高于折线模型估计的需要量。
The experiment was conducted on different criteria measured and manthematical models used .Three hundred 21-day old Avian broiler chiks were randomly allocated into five different groups consisted of 3 replication 20 birds each with equal number of males and females. Supplemental dietary Met levels were 0.26%, 0.31%, 0.36%, 41%, 0.46%.Met affected on indices measure was observed. Including body weight, feed intake ,feed conversion rate , breast muscle weight,leg muscle weight ,abdominal fat and the uric acid concentration in plasma.And calculation breast muscle rate , leg muscle rate,abdominal fat rate .The broken-linear model and quadratic multinomial model was used to estimate methionine(Met) requirement of 21-42 days broiler . The results of this experiment were as follow: 1. Effect of different Met levels on the growth performance of 21 -42 days broiler
Body weight at 42 days showed out quadratic related with Met levels. Body weight was no significantly difference among 0.31%, 0.36%, 0.41%and 0.46%Met, but was significantly higher than that of 0.26%Met. Feed intake did not show out quadratic related with Met levels. Feed/meat ratio showed out quadratic related with Met levels.There were not significantly difference between 0.36%,0.41%and 0.46%Met, but had significantly with Q.26%,0.31% Met.0.26%Met had no significantly difference between 0.36%, 0.41%and 0.46%Met. 2. Effect of different Met levels on the slaguant performance of 21 -42 days broiler
Abdominal meal rate showed out quadratic related with Met levels.Fed a diet containing 0.26%Met was less than the other groups. Leg muscle rate did not show out quadratic related with Met levels. Abdominal meat rate did not show out quadratic related with Met- levels.There were not significantly between 0.26% and 0.3M%Met,but wre highter than that of 0.36%,0.41%and 0.46%Met..The other groups had no significantly difference.3. Effect of different Met levels on uric acid concentration of 21-42 days broilerUric acid concentration had quadratic related with Met levels.Uric acid concentration raised as Met levels increased ,but then decreased.Uric acid concentration fed a diet containing 0.36% and 0.41%Met was low (p<0.05).Height or low Met dietary increased uric acid oncentration(p>0.05).4. Effect of the manthmatics model on the requirement of Met for the broiler.Based on the broken linear model ,the total Met requirement for the maximum body weight , feed conversion rate, abdominal fat rate, breast muscle rate and the minimum uric acid concentration is 0.358%、 0.359%、 0.338%、 0.415%、 0.356%, respectively. Based on the quadratic multinomial model,the total Met requirement for the maximum body weight, feed conversion rate, abdominal fat rate, breast muscle rate and the minimum uric acid concentration is 0.392%、 0.400%、 0.390%、 0.432%、 0.372%, respectively. Met requirement based on the quadratic multinomial model was highter than that of Based on the broken linear model.
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Lent A.J,R J Wideman .1994.Hypercalcicuric response to dietary supple
mentation with DL―Methionine and ammonium sulfate.Poult Sci.73:63～74
Liau,M.C.,Chang,C.F.,Belanger,L.,Grenier,A.1979.Correlation of isoenzyme patterns of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase with fetal stages and patho logical states of the liver.Cancer.Res.39:162～169
Lynch S M,Strain J J.1989.Increased hepatic lipid peroxidation with methionine toxicity in the rat.Free Radic Res Commun .5:221
Mack S et al Ideal amino acid prolife and dietary lysine specification for broiler chickens of of 20-40 days of age. Br Poultry Sci,1999,40:257-265.
Malmlof. K. Amino acid in farm animal nutrition metabolism, partition and consequences of imlalance ,Swidish journal of angriculture research , 1998.191-193.
Martinez,M.,Cuskelly,G.J.,Williamson,J.,Toth,J.P.,Gregory,J.F.2000.VitaminB-6 deficiency in rats reduces hepatic serine hydroxymethyltransferase and cystathionine β-synthase activities and rates of in vivo protein turnover,homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration. J. Nutr. 130: 1115～1123
Mihai,D.N.,Zeisel,S.H.2002.Diet,methyl donors and DNA methylation: interactions between dietary folate,methionine and choline. J.Nutr. 132:2333S～2335S.
Morris T R The interpretation of response date from animal feeding trials[A].In Recent developments in poultry nutrition ,ED ,Cole and Haresign, London, Butterworths,1989.
Okada,G.,Teraoka,H.,Tsukada,K.1981.Multiple species of mammalian S-adeno sylmethionine synthetase:Partial purification and characterization. Biochenistry.20:934～940.
Park,E.I., Garrow,T.A.1999.Interaction between dietary methionine and methyl donor intake on rat liver betaine-homocysteine methyletransferase gene expression and orgnization of the human gene.J.Biol.Chem.274:7816～7824.
Park,E.I.,Renduchintala,M.S.,Garrow,T.A.1997.Diet-induced changes in hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyletransferase activity are mediated by changes in the steady-state level of its mRNA.J.Nutr.Biochem.8:541～545.
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Saunderson,C.L.,Mackinlay,J.1990.Changes in body-weight,composition and hepatic enzyme activities in response to dietary methionine,betaine and choline levels in growingchicks.Br.J.Nutr.63:339～349.
Schutte,J.B.,Pack,M.1995.Effect of sulphur-containing amino acids on performance and breast meat deposition of broiler chicks during the growing and finishing phases.Br.Poult.Sci.36:747～762.
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Soder ,K,J, Holden,L,A,1999, Lymphocyte proliferation response of lacateing dairy cows fed nvarying concentration of rumen protectred methionine J,Dairy ,Sci.82:1935～1942.
Steele R D et al.1979.Effect of dietary 3―methylthiopropionate on metablism,growth and hematopoisis in the rat.J Nutri.109:1739～1744
Sufrin,J.R.,Lombardini,J.B.1982.Differences in the active-site region of tumor versus normal isoensymes of mammalian ATP:L-methionine S-adnosyl transfera se.Mol.Pharmacol.22:752～759.
Sullivan,D.M.,Hoffman,J.L.1983.Fractionation and kinetic properties of rat liver and kidney methionine adenosyltransferaseisoenzymes.Biochemistry. 22:1636～1641.
Swain,B.K.,Johri,T.S.2000.Effect of supplemental methionine,choline and their combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers. Br.Poult.Sci.41:83～88
Takahashi K,Y Akiba.Jpn Poult Sci.1995.32(2):99～106.
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Knight, C.D. and J.J. Dibner (1984) Comparative absorption of 2-hydroxy4-(methylthio)butanoic acid and L-methionine in the broiler chick. Poult. Sci. 63S:20.
Leclercq B Specific effects of lysine on broiler production:Comparison with threonine and valine .Poultry Sci ,1998,77:118-123.
Lent A.J,R J Wideman .1994.Hypercalcicuric response to dietary supple
mentation with DL―Methionine and ammonium sulfate.Poult Sci.73:63～74
Liau,M.C.,Chang,C.F.,Belanger,L.,Grenier,A.1979.Correlation of isoenzyme patterns of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase with fetal stages and patho logical states of the liver.Cancer.Res.39:162～169
Lynch S M,Strain J J.1989.Increased hepatic lipid peroxidation with methionine toxicity in the rat.Free Radic Res Commun .5:221
Mack S et al Ideal amino acid prolife and dietary lysine specification for broiler chickens of of 20-40 days of age. Br Poultry Sci,1999,40:257-265.
Malmlof. K. Amino acid in farm animal nutrition metabolism, partition and consequences of imlalance ,Swidish journal of angriculture research , 1998.191-193.
Martinez,M.,Cuskelly,G.J.,Williamson,J.,Toth,J.P.,Gregory,J.F.2000.VitaminB-6 deficiency in rats reduces hepatic serine hydroxymethyltransferase and cystathionine β-synthase activities and rates of in vivo protein turnover,homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration. J. Nutr. 130: 1115～1123
Mihai,D.N.,Zeisel,S.H.2002.Diet,methyl donors and DNA methylation: interactions between dietary folate,methionine and choline. J.Nutr. 132:2333S～2335S.
Morris T R The interpretation of response date from animal feeding trials[A].In Recent developments in poultry nutrition ,ED ,Cole and Haresign, London, Butterworths,1989.
Okada,G.,Teraoka,H.,Tsukada,K.1981.Multiple species of mammalian S-adeno sylmethionine synthetase:Partial purification and characterization. Biochenistry.20:934～940.
Park,E.I., Garrow,T.A.1999.Interaction between dietary methionine and methyl donor intake on rat liver betaine-homocysteine methyletransferase gene expression and orgnization of the human gene.J.Biol.Chem.274:7816～7824.
Park,E.I.,Renduchintala,M.S.,Garrow,T.A.1997.Diet-induced changes in hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyletransferase activity are mediated by changes in the steady-state level of its mRNA.J.Nutr.Biochem.8:541～545.
Pomfret,E.A.,Costa,K.A.,Zeisel,S.H.1990.Effects of choline deficiency and methotrexate treatment rat liver.J.Nutr.Biochem.1:533～541.
Saarinen,M.T.,Kettunen,H.,Pulliainen,K.,Peuranen,S.,Tiihonen,K.Remus,J.2001.A novel method to analyze betaine in chicken liver:effect of dietary
betaine and choline supplementation on the hepatic betaine concentration in broiler chicks.J.Agric.Food.Chem.49:559～563.
Saunderson,C.L.,Mackinlay,J.1990.Changes in body-weight,composition and hepatic enzyme activities in response to dietary methionine,betaine and choline levels in growingchicks.Br.J.Nutr.63:339～349.
Schutte,J.B.,Pack,M.1995.Effect of sulphur-containing amino acids on performance and breast meat deposition of broiler chicks during the growing and finishing phases.Br.Poult.Sci.36:747～762.
Sell,D.R.,Featherston,W.R.Rogler,J.C.1980. Methionine-cystine inter rela tionships in chicks and rats fed diets containing suboptimal levels of methionine.Poult Sci.59:1878～1884.
Soder ,K,J, Holden,L,A,1999, Lymphocyte proliferation response of lacateing dairy cows fed nvarying concentration of rumen protectred methionine J,Dairy ,Sci.82:1935～1942.
Steele R D et al.1979.Effect of dietary 3―methylthiopropionate on metablism,growth and hematopoisis in the rat.J Nutri.109:1739～1744
Sufrin,J.R.,Lombardini,J.B.1982.Differences in the active-site region of tumor versus normal isoensymes of mammalian ATP:L-methionine S-adnosyl transfera se.Mol.Pharmacol.22:752～759.
Sullivan,D.M.,Hoffman,J.L.1983.Fractionation and kinetic properties of rat liver and kidney methionine adenosyltransferaseisoenzymes.Biochemistry. 22:1636～1641.
Swain,B.K.,Johri,T.S.2000.Effect of supplemental methionine,choline and their combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers. Br.Poult.Sci.41:83～88
Takahashi K,Y Akiba.Jpn Poult Sci.1995.32(2):99～106.
Trevijano,E.G.,Latasa,M.U.,Carretero,M.V.,Berasain,C.,Mato,J.M.,Avila,M.A.2000. S-adenosylmethionine regulates MAT1A and MAT2A gene expression in cultured rat hepatocytes:a new role for S-adenosylmethionine in the maintenance of the differentiated status of the liver.the FASEB Journal.14:2511～2518.
Tsiagbe,V.K.,Cook,M.e.,Harper,A.E.,Sunde,M.L.1987a.Efficacy of cysteine in replacing methionine in the immune response of broiler chicks. Poult.Sci.66:1138～1146.
Tsiagbe,V.K.,Cook,M.e.,Harper,A.E.,Sunde,M.L.1987b.Enhanced immune res
ponses in broiler chicks fed methionine-supplemented diets. Poult.Sci. 66:1147～1154.
Udea，H.S., Yokota，S., Tasaki， I.1981.Involvement of feed intake and feed utilization in the growth retardation of chicks given excessive amounts of leucine,lysine,phenylalanine or methionine.Nutritional Reports Inter national.24:135～144.
Walser M,A A Browder.1959.Ion associationⅡ.The effect of sulfate infusion on calcium excretion.J Clin Invest.38:1404～1410.
Whitting S J,H H Draper.1980.The role of sulfate in the calciuria of high protein diets in rats.J Nutr.110:212～216.