基于半导体光放大器的全光缓存技术
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摘要
当前通信业务数据量爆炸式的增长要求通信网络具有更大的传输容量及更高的传输速率。目前，电交换速率为每秒几百兆位，虽然采用砷化锗技术可使速率提高上百倍，但这与高速率和大容量的全光网络的要求仍有较大差距。全光缓存技术是现阶段全光网络需要解决的难题之一。本论文对基于半导体光放大器的多数据包全光缓存技术进行了研究。
论文首先研究了全光单稳态触发器以及1×2全光波长路由。全光单稳态触发器采用半导体光放大器光纤环形激光器的方案，状态间消光比达到35dB，切换时间仅为2-3个环腔周期。1×2全光波长路由为基于SOA交叉增益调制的方案，实现了10Gb/s速率下的无误码输出。并在此基础上实现了多数据包堆栈式全光缓存的实验验证，测量了该缓存器在2.5Gb/s和10Gb/s的误码特性。
论文又提出了一种改进型的堆栈式全光缓存，减小了基于SOA波长转换引入的噪声，该缓存器的误码特性有明显提升，在10Gb/s数据速率下缓存3个数据周期，误码率在10-9时功率代价仅为2dB。
论文建立了基于SOA的堆栈式全光缓存器的理论模型，分析了半导体光放大器交叉增益调制过程中的消光比退化、码型效应以及全光单稳态触发器输出直流光特性对于全光堆栈式缓存输出特性的影响。并对堆栈式全光缓存器应用于节点中的缓存器性能进行了研究。
论文还提出了两种队列式全光缓存器方案。队列式全光缓存器与堆栈式全光缓存相比，结构更简单，缓存一个数据包的代价更小。并有望应用于包长不固定的非同步光网络中。
The explosive growth of the data communication volume requires greatertransmission capacity and higher transmission rate. At present, the rate of electronicexchange is about hundreds of megabits per second, and in the future the use ofgermanium arsenide technology will improve the rate by over one hundred times, butcompared to data rate in the large-capacity and high-speed all-optical network, the rateis still very low. All-optical buffer is one of the problems which all-opticalnetwork needs to solve at this stage. This PhD thesis is about all optical buffer basedon semiconductor optical amplifier, which could sreve multiple packets.
This thesis firstly studied all-optical threshold function and all-optical1×2wavelength router. Optical threshold function is build up by two semiconductor opticalamplifierfiber ring lasers, the extinction ratio between the two states is about35dB, andswitching time is only2-3ring cavity cycles. All-optical1×2wavelength router isbased on SOA cross-gain modulation and10Gb/s data rate for error-free output isachieved. Based on all-optical threshold function and all-optical1×2wavelength router,all-optical stack buffer is experimentally demonstrated at2.5Gb/s and10Gb/s datarates, and the corresponding bit error rate is measured.
According to the shortage of the all-optical stack buffer, this thesis proposed anddemonstrated the improved all-optical stack buffer. The bit error rate test result isimproved significantly, the improved all-optical stack buffer could buffer packet forover3cycles with the power penalty less than2dB at10Gb/s data rate when the biterror rate is10-9.
In this thesis, the theoritical model of the SOA based stack buffer is built up. Theextinction ratio degradation and pattern effects induced by the cross-gain modulation insemiconductor optical amplifiers and the bit noise of the output of the optical thresholdfunction are analyzed. And the properties of the all-optical stack buffer used in theoptical node were studied.
This thesis also proposed two all-optical queue buffer schemes, which are bothusing packets as the control signal. All-optical queue buffer is more simple and costlesscompared to the all-optical stack buffer, and which is very promising to be used in non-synchronous optical network while the packet length is unfixed.
论文首先研究了全光单稳态触发器以及1×2全光波长路由。全光单稳态触发器采用半导体光放大器光纤环形激光器的方案，状态间消光比达到35dB，切换时间仅为2-3个环腔周期。1×2全光波长路由为基于SOA交叉增益调制的方案，实现了10Gb/s速率下的无误码输出。并在此基础上实现了多数据包堆栈式全光缓存的实验验证，测量了该缓存器在2.5Gb/s和10Gb/s的误码特性。
论文又提出了一种改进型的堆栈式全光缓存，减小了基于SOA波长转换引入的噪声，该缓存器的误码特性有明显提升，在10Gb/s数据速率下缓存3个数据周期，误码率在10-9时功率代价仅为2dB。
论文建立了基于SOA的堆栈式全光缓存器的理论模型，分析了半导体光放大器交叉增益调制过程中的消光比退化、码型效应以及全光单稳态触发器输出直流光特性对于全光堆栈式缓存输出特性的影响。并对堆栈式全光缓存器应用于节点中的缓存器性能进行了研究。
论文还提出了两种队列式全光缓存器方案。队列式全光缓存器与堆栈式全光缓存相比，结构更简单，缓存一个数据包的代价更小。并有望应用于包长不固定的非同步光网络中。
The explosive growth of the data communication volume requires greatertransmission capacity and higher transmission rate. At present, the rate of electronicexchange is about hundreds of megabits per second, and in the future the use ofgermanium arsenide technology will improve the rate by over one hundred times, butcompared to data rate in the large-capacity and high-speed all-optical network, the rateis still very low. All-optical buffer is one of the problems which all-opticalnetwork needs to solve at this stage. This PhD thesis is about all optical buffer basedon semiconductor optical amplifier, which could sreve multiple packets.
This thesis firstly studied all-optical threshold function and all-optical1×2wavelength router. Optical threshold function is build up by two semiconductor opticalamplifierfiber ring lasers, the extinction ratio between the two states is about35dB, andswitching time is only2-3ring cavity cycles. All-optical1×2wavelength router isbased on SOA cross-gain modulation and10Gb/s data rate for error-free output isachieved. Based on all-optical threshold function and all-optical1×2wavelength router,all-optical stack buffer is experimentally demonstrated at2.5Gb/s and10Gb/s datarates, and the corresponding bit error rate is measured.
According to the shortage of the all-optical stack buffer, this thesis proposed anddemonstrated the improved all-optical stack buffer. The bit error rate test result isimproved significantly, the improved all-optical stack buffer could buffer packet forover3cycles with the power penalty less than2dB at10Gb/s data rate when the biterror rate is10-9.
In this thesis, the theoritical model of the SOA based stack buffer is built up. Theextinction ratio degradation and pattern effects induced by the cross-gain modulation insemiconductor optical amplifiers and the bit noise of the output of the optical thresholdfunction are analyzed. And the properties of the all-optical stack buffer used in theoptical node were studied.
This thesis also proposed two all-optical queue buffer schemes, which are bothusing packets as the control signal. All-optical queue buffer is more simple and costlesscompared to the all-optical stack buffer, and which is very promising to be used in non-synchronous optical network while the packet length is unfixed.
引文
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[23] C. C. Lee, P.K.A.Wai, H.Y. Tam, et al.10‐Gb/s wavelength transparent optically controlledbuffer using photonic‐crystal‐fiber‐based nonlinear optical loop mirror. Photon.Technol.,2007,19(12):898-900.
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[34] Takuo Tanemura,Ibrahim Murat Soganci,Tomofumi Oyama, et al. Large-Capacity CompactOptical Buffer Based on InP Integrated Phased-Array Switch and Coiled Fiber Delay Lines. J.Lightwave Technol.,2011,29(4):396-402.
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[2] H. J. S. Dorren, M. T. Hill, Y. Liu, et al. Optical packet switching and buffering by using all‐optical signal processing methods. J. Lightwave Technol.,2003,21:2‐12.
[3] Y.K. Yeo, J. Yu, and G.K. Chang. A dynamically reconfigurable folded‐path time delaybuffer for optical packet switching. Photon. Technol. Lett.,2004,16(11):2559‐2561.
[4] A. Chowdhury, Y.K. Yeo, J. Yu, et al. DWDM reconfigurableoptical delay buffer for opticalpacket switched networks. Photon.Technol. Lett.,2006,18(10):1176‐1178.
[5] Y.K. Yeo, J. Yu, and G.K. Chang. Performance characterization and optimization of high‐speed on‐off optical‐signal reflectors in a folded‐path time‐delay buffer. J. LightwaveTechnol.,2006,24(1):365‐379.
[6] J. P. Mack, H. N. Poulsen, E. F. Burmeister, et al. A40Gb/s asynchronous optical packetbuffer based on an SOA gate matrix for contention resolution. Proc. OFC/NFOEC2007,OTuB7,2007.
[7] H. Wang, C. P. Lai, A. Shacham, et al. Experimental demonstration of network congestioncontrol with a programmable optical packet injection buffer. Proc. Annu. IEEE Lasers&Electro‐Optics Soc.(LEOS2007),2007:739-740.
[8] B. A. Small, A. Shacham and K. Bergman. A modular, scalable, extensible, and transparentoptical packet buffer. J. Lightw. Technol.,2007,25:978-985.
[9] T. G. Orphanoudakis, A. Drakos, C. Matrakidis, et al. A Hybrid Optical Switch Architecturewith Shared Elec‐tronic Buffers. Proc. International Conference on Trans‐parent OpticalNetworks (ICTON),2007:222-225.
[10] Huhnkuk Lim, Jubeom Kim, Changhwan Oh. Hybrid Buffer Structured Optical Packet Switchwith the Optimum Numbers of Tunable Wavelength Converters and Internal Wavelengths.Proc. International Conference onTrans‐parent Optical Networks (ICTON)2007:319-322.
[11] Furukawa. H, Wada. N, Harai. H, et al. Demonstration of Wideband Optical Packet Bufferingwith PLZT Optical Switch. Proc. Conference on Optical Internet (COIN),2008:1-2.
[12] K. Watabe, Mamoru Takagi, Keita Machida, et al.320Gb/s Multi‐wavelength Optical PacketSwitching with Contention Resolution Mechanism using PLZT Switches. Proc. OFC/NFOEC2008, OthA5,2008.
[13] Hideaki Furukawa, Naoya Wada,Tetsuya Miyazaki.640‐Gbit/s (64‐wavelength x10‐Gbit/s) Wide‐Colored and Phase‐Modulated Optical Packet Switching and Bufferingwithout Packet Power Compensation PLZT”, Proc. OFC/NFOEC2009, PDPD7,2009.
[14] O. F. Yilmaz, S. R. Nuccio, X. Wu, et al.10‐Packet‐Depth,40Gb/s Optical Buffer with a0.5ns Reconfiguration Time using116ns, Continuously Tunable Conversion DispersionDelays. Proc. OFC/NFOEC2009, PDPC7,2009.
[15] K.‐M. Feng, C.‐Y. Wu, D.‐H. Hsueh, et al. Demonstration of an Optical FIFOMultiplexer. Proc. OFC/NFOEC2008, OMN5,2008.
[16] Y. Liu, M. T. Hill, H. de Waardt, et al. All‐optical switching of packets for all‐opticalbuffering purposes. Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communications (ECOC2001),2001,3:310‐311.
[17] Y. Liu, M. T. Hill, N. Calabretta, et al. All‐optical buffering in all‐optical packet switchedcross‐connects. Photon. Technol. Lett.,2002,14:849‐851.
[18] H. J. S. Dorren, M. T. Hill, Y. Liu, et al. Optical packet switching and buffering by using all‐optical signal processing methods. J. Lightwave Technol.,2003,21:2-12.
[19] Y. Liu, M. T. Hill, H. de Waardt, et al. All‐optical buffering using laser neural networks.Photon. Technol. Lett.,2003,15:596‐598.
[20] Gianluca Berrettini, Gianluca Meloni, Luca Potì, et al. All-Optical Variable Buffer Based onSemiconductor Optical Amplifier. J. Quantum Electronics,2011,47(4):510-516.
[21] Aiming Liu, Chongqing Wu, Yandong Gong, et al. Dual‐Loop Optical Buffer (DLOB)Based on a3×3Collinear Fiber Coupler. Photon. Technol.2004,16(9):2129-2131.
[22] Songnian Fu, P. Shum, Liren Zhang, et al. Design of SOA‐based dual‐loop optical bufferwith a3×3collinear coupler guideline and optimizations. J. Lightwave Technol.,2006,24(7):2768-2778.
[23] C. C. Lee, P.K.A.Wai, H.Y. Tam, et al.10‐Gb/s wavelength transparent optically controlledbuffer using photonic‐crystal‐fiber‐based nonlinear optical loop mirror. Photon.Technol.,2007,19(12):898-900.
[24] Changyong Tian, Chongqing Wu, Zhengyong Li, et al. Dual‐wavelength packets bufferingin dual‐loop optical buffer. Photon. Technol.,2008,20(8):578-580.
[25] C. Tian, C. Wu, G. Sun, et al. Multichannel data packets buffered in dual loop optical buffer.Electronics Letters,2009,45(12).
[26] Yongjun Wang, Chongqing Wu, Zhi Wang, et al. A new large variable delay optical bufferbased on cascaded Double Loop Optical Buffers (DLOBs). Proc. OFC/NFOEC2009, OWA4,2009.
[27] Nicolas K. Fontaine, Jie Yang, Zhong Pan, et al. Continuously Tunable Optical Buffering at40Gb/s for Optical Packet Switching Networks. J. Lightwave Technol.,2008,26(23):3776-3783.
[28] Xinwan Li, Limei Peng, Jianping Chen, et al. A Novel Fast Programmable Optical Bufferwith Variable Delays. Proc. OFC/NFOEC2008, JThA41,2008.
[29] John P. Mack, Emily F. Burmeister, Henrik N. Poulsen, et al. Synchronously Loaded OpticalPacket Buffer. Photon. Technol.,2008,20(21):1757-1759.
[30] Barton, J.S., Masanovic, M.L., Dummer, M.M., et al. Recent Progress on LASOR OpticalRouter and Related Integrated Technologies. Proc. Photonics in Switching,2008(PS2008),2008.
[31] John P. Mack, Henrik N. Poulsen, Emily F. Burmeister, et al. Demonstration of ContentionResolution for Labeled Packets at40Gbs Using Autonomous Optical Buffers. Proc.OFC/NFOEC2009, OMU2,2009.
[32] John P. Mack, John M. Garcia, Henrik N. Poulsen, et al. End‐to‐End AsynchronousOptical Packet Transmission, Scheduling, and Buffering. Proc. OFC/NFOEC2009,OWA2,2009.
[33] Emma Lazzeri, Gianluca Berrettini, Gianluca Meloni, et al. All-Optical N-Bits Shift RegisterExploiting a Ring Buffer Based on Semiconductor Optical Amplifier. Photon. Technol.,2011,23(1):45-47.
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