视频转码新技术研究
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摘要
通信网、互联网和电信网的相互渗透为视频应用带来了前所未有的机遇,ASIC工艺的飞速发展、CCD技术、视频设备处理能力和屏幕分辨率的不断提高给视频压缩技术提出了新的挑战,从1995年到2010年短短的十五年期间国际化组织制定的视频标准就超过九种。多种视频压缩标准的共存、网络的异构性和视频设备的多样性与视频格式的多样化,导致视频设备、网络和原始视频格式之间出现兼容性问题。视频转码是一种有效解决这种兼容性问题的技术。它伴随着视频压缩标准的出现而诞生,不仅能改变视频码率大小以适应网络带宽的要求,还能解决收发设备之间采用不同压缩编码标准、不同码率、不同视频图像空间解析度以及不同帧率之间的兼容性问题。本文的研究工作围绕视频转码技术展开,讨论它的新技术以及发展方向。本论文的主要研究成果体现在:
1.结合像素域和DCT域各自优点,提出一种像素域与频域相结合的视频图像上采样算法。实验表明该算法能获得比基于DCT域的上采样算法高达1dB的PSNR增益,比传统Wiener滤波器法高达8dB的PSNR增益,并同时获得更加清晰的主观效果。
2.设计出一种基于运动估计的鲁棒接缝寻找法实现视频序列的抽线过程,为基于视频内容的空间分辨率转码作出了有益的贡献。
3.提出了一种充分利用输入码流中先验信息确定转码初始量化值的算法,并在此基础上提出了一种简单而更加精确的转码码率控制算法,在不同码率和不同视频复杂程度的情况下获得了更高的视频质量。
4.针对网络带宽变化大的特点,本文设计了一种基于视频采样压缩进行大幅度降低码率的方案,并提出了一种提高任意采样系统性能的反馈算法。与单纯增加量化步长降低码率的方案相比,本文提出的采样压缩方案在低码率情况下能够获得非常明显的主观质量提升。
5.提出了SVC码流随机切入点插入的转码方法和SVC空域分级码流到H.264/AVC的转码方法。在结合实验结果的基础上分析了本文方法比FDR(传统意义上转码效果最好的方法)更好的原因在于FDR仅利用了重构视频序列的信息进行二次编码,只能获得在约束条件下与重构视频序列“最像”的视频码流,但是此重构的视频序列与原始序列已经发生了偏差,因此与重构视频序列“最像”不等同于与原始序列“最像”。而本文设计的随机切入点插入转码方法与SVC空域分级到H.264/AVC的转码方法充分利用了输入码流中的先验信息,尽可能地转码出与原始序列“更像”的视频码流,因此能够获得比FDR更高的视频质量。与此同时本文方法相对于FDR减小了绝大部分的运算复杂度。
The development and interactivity of communication network, internet and telecommunication network systems are relatively new and subject to a great deal of research worldwide. The evolution of ASCI technology, CCD technique, video equipments’abilities and screens’resolutions has forced the area of image and video coding to improve at full speed. During 1995 to 2010, ITU-T and MPEG global organizations had drafted more than nine video compression standards. As the diversity of networks, types of devices, and the increasing of video content resolution formats, the interoperability between different systems and different networks is becoming more urgent. Video transcoding technique which born together with video compression standards, is one of the key technologies to solve the mismatch between video devices and networks. This thesis is focus on new techniques of video transcoding researches. The main contributions are as follows:
1. Propose a hybrid up-sampling algorithm which combined the advantages both of methods in pixel domain and DCT domain. Experiment results show that the proposed hybrid method can get up to 1dB PSNR gain compared with DCT method and up to 8dB PSNR gain with Wiener filter method. At the same time, the visual quality of the proposed hybrid method is absolutely better than either DCT or Wiener method.
2. Design a motion estimation based robust seam curving method. It is one of the attempts to adjust seam curving technique into video resolution adaption area.
3. Propose a more accurate rate-control algorithm for video transcoding. The proposed algorithm benefits from the information provided by the input precompressed stream. So it performs better than other rate-control algorithms whether in high bitrate case or low bitrate case and in video streams with small motion vector case or large motion vector case. The proposed algorithm uses the parameters got from the input stream such as QP, frame size, frame rate, R andρto set up a more accurate R~QP model, then calculates a more suitable initial QP value and remaining frames’QP values by considering the importance of the current frame in the whole GOP. Experiment results have shown a noticeable improvement of the proposed rate-control algorithm compared with others.
4. Design a video compression via sampling scheme to reduce the bit rate in great deal, and propose a feedback approach for sampling systems’performances improvement. Simulation results display that the proposed method can provide much better visual quality than increasing QP value only scheme.
5. Propose a random access location inserting method in SVC and a method to trasncode spatial scalable streams from SVC to H.264/AVC. Experiment results show that the proposed transcoding scheme can get better PNSR than FDR scheme which is the best one in traditional way. The thesis analyzes the reason is that FDR only re-encodes the reconstructed video sequences. Under the rate-distortion restriction, FDR will output a video sequence which looks like the reconstructed squence at best effort. But in fact, the reconstructed video sequence is quite different from the original one. So the re-encoded video may not look like the original one mostly under the same transcoding requirements. However, the proposed method adopts the priori information abstracted from the input streams, which were got from the original video streams and can make the transcoded video sequence look more like the original one. It could be result in PSNR gains at last. Furthermore, the proposed method can save quite a lot of transcoding time.
1.结合像素域和DCT域各自优点,提出一种像素域与频域相结合的视频图像上采样算法。实验表明该算法能获得比基于DCT域的上采样算法高达1dB的PSNR增益,比传统Wiener滤波器法高达8dB的PSNR增益,并同时获得更加清晰的主观效果。
2.设计出一种基于运动估计的鲁棒接缝寻找法实现视频序列的抽线过程,为基于视频内容的空间分辨率转码作出了有益的贡献。
3.提出了一种充分利用输入码流中先验信息确定转码初始量化值的算法,并在此基础上提出了一种简单而更加精确的转码码率控制算法,在不同码率和不同视频复杂程度的情况下获得了更高的视频质量。
4.针对网络带宽变化大的特点,本文设计了一种基于视频采样压缩进行大幅度降低码率的方案,并提出了一种提高任意采样系统性能的反馈算法。与单纯增加量化步长降低码率的方案相比,本文提出的采样压缩方案在低码率情况下能够获得非常明显的主观质量提升。
5.提出了SVC码流随机切入点插入的转码方法和SVC空域分级码流到H.264/AVC的转码方法。在结合实验结果的基础上分析了本文方法比FDR(传统意义上转码效果最好的方法)更好的原因在于FDR仅利用了重构视频序列的信息进行二次编码,只能获得在约束条件下与重构视频序列“最像”的视频码流,但是此重构的视频序列与原始序列已经发生了偏差,因此与重构视频序列“最像”不等同于与原始序列“最像”。而本文设计的随机切入点插入转码方法与SVC空域分级到H.264/AVC的转码方法充分利用了输入码流中的先验信息,尽可能地转码出与原始序列“更像”的视频码流,因此能够获得比FDR更高的视频质量。与此同时本文方法相对于FDR减小了绝大部分的运算复杂度。
The development and interactivity of communication network, internet and telecommunication network systems are relatively new and subject to a great deal of research worldwide. The evolution of ASCI technology, CCD technique, video equipments’abilities and screens’resolutions has forced the area of image and video coding to improve at full speed. During 1995 to 2010, ITU-T and MPEG global organizations had drafted more than nine video compression standards. As the diversity of networks, types of devices, and the increasing of video content resolution formats, the interoperability between different systems and different networks is becoming more urgent. Video transcoding technique which born together with video compression standards, is one of the key technologies to solve the mismatch between video devices and networks. This thesis is focus on new techniques of video transcoding researches. The main contributions are as follows:
1. Propose a hybrid up-sampling algorithm which combined the advantages both of methods in pixel domain and DCT domain. Experiment results show that the proposed hybrid method can get up to 1dB PSNR gain compared with DCT method and up to 8dB PSNR gain with Wiener filter method. At the same time, the visual quality of the proposed hybrid method is absolutely better than either DCT or Wiener method.
2. Design a motion estimation based robust seam curving method. It is one of the attempts to adjust seam curving technique into video resolution adaption area.
3. Propose a more accurate rate-control algorithm for video transcoding. The proposed algorithm benefits from the information provided by the input precompressed stream. So it performs better than other rate-control algorithms whether in high bitrate case or low bitrate case and in video streams with small motion vector case or large motion vector case. The proposed algorithm uses the parameters got from the input stream such as QP, frame size, frame rate, R andρto set up a more accurate R~QP model, then calculates a more suitable initial QP value and remaining frames’QP values by considering the importance of the current frame in the whole GOP. Experiment results have shown a noticeable improvement of the proposed rate-control algorithm compared with others.
4. Design a video compression via sampling scheme to reduce the bit rate in great deal, and propose a feedback approach for sampling systems’performances improvement. Simulation results display that the proposed method can provide much better visual quality than increasing QP value only scheme.
5. Propose a random access location inserting method in SVC and a method to trasncode spatial scalable streams from SVC to H.264/AVC. Experiment results show that the proposed transcoding scheme can get better PNSR than FDR scheme which is the best one in traditional way. The thesis analyzes the reason is that FDR only re-encodes the reconstructed video sequences. Under the rate-distortion restriction, FDR will output a video sequence which looks like the reconstructed squence at best effort. But in fact, the reconstructed video sequence is quite different from the original one. So the re-encoded video may not look like the original one mostly under the same transcoding requirements. However, the proposed method adopts the priori information abstracted from the input streams, which were got from the original video streams and can make the transcoded video sequence look more like the original one. It could be result in PSNR gains at last. Furthermore, the proposed method can save quite a lot of transcoding time.
引文
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