高技术产业R&D投入对技术创新产出的影响
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摘要
伴随着全球知识经济一体化的到来,市场竞争被推入到知识创新、技术创新等生产力发展的前沿领域。企业界开始认识到自身的竞争优势不再来源于对资源的占有与配置,而是在于对知识、科学技术、高科技含量的无形资产以及智力资产的占有和开发,即企业的技术创新能力,而高技术产业是R&D投入高,R&D人员比重大的产业,生产商会在技术创新上投入巨资。因此,研究我国高技术产业技术创新活动中的R&D投入对技术创新产出的影响,就具有重大现实意义。
本文使用高技术产业省际面板数据作为研究样本,在大量的文献研究的基础上,借鉴C–D生产函数推导了R&D投入与创新产出模型,从R&D投入的资金来源(资金来处)和技术创新模式(资金用处)两个视角进行对技术创新产出影响的实证研究。实证分两部分:
第一部分实证研究了不同资金来源对技术创新产出的影响。
具体如下:1、分地区探讨政府投入、企业自筹资金和金融机构贷款对技术创新产出的影响。2、按研发强度分类研究政府投入、企业自筹资金和金融机构贷款对技术创新产出的影响。
得到如下结论:总体看,无论是分地区还是分研发强度,政府投入和企业自筹资金都可以很好的促进技术创新产出,且政府投入对创新产出的促进作用大于企业自筹资金。而研究金融机构贷款对技术创新产出影响时,结果并没有明显显著,可能跟企业每年获得的贷款数量波动较大有关。
第二部分实证研究了不同技术创新模式经费支出对创新产出的影响。
具体如下:1、自主创新、模仿学习、技术外购和合作联盟经费投入对创新产出的影响。2、自主创新模式与模仿学习模式(技术引进)的协整分析。
得到如下结论:高技术产业的自主创新,技术引进和合作联盟对技术创新产出有显著正影响,且自主创新对创新产出的促进作用最大,但技术外购对产出无明显显著影响;技术引进与自主创新存在一个长期均衡的稳定关系,在滞后期为1年时,自主创新的变化是技术引进变化的原因,但二者并没有步入交互影响的良性循环轨道,因此为使技术引进与自主创新投入走向“全面融合”的良性循环轨道,在技术创新模式的选择上,我们要牢固树立开放式自主创新理念,即以自主创新为主,充分利用外部先进资源进行模仿创新。
With the globalization of Knowledge-based Economy, market competition is ushered into the forward position of the development of productive forces, such as innovation of knowledge and technology. Enterprises come to realize that their competitive edge no longer lies in occupation and development of resources but in those of knowledge, science, technology, high-tech incorporeal property and intelligence resources, namely enterprises’ability of technology innovation, and high-tech industries is a high R&D investment and large proportion of R&D personnel industry, manufacturers invest heavily on technology innovation. So, it is significant to have the study of the impact between the investment and the output in the technology innovation of the high-tech industries.
By using the data of high-tech industry enterprises in provinces and cities of China, based on a mass of literature review, we get the input-output model through C-D Production function, and then we study the impact between the investment and the output from Financing resource and Expenditure. There are two empirical part.
Part one, the paper study the impact between the financing resource and the output of technology innovation.
Firstly, study the effect of government funds, enterprise R&D investment and loans from financial institutions on the output by regions. secondly, study the impact between the financing resource and the output by R&D intensity.
The main empirical findings are following: whether we study it by regions or R&D intensity, all of government funds and enterprise R&D investment have stimulated effect on the output of technology innovation significantly, and government funds has stronger effects than enterprise R&D investment; generally, loans from financial institutions has not significant stimulated effect on the output of technology innovation, maybe which related to the big fluctuation of loan volumes.
Part two, the paper study impact between the technology innovation pattern and the output of technology innovation.
Firstly, study the effect of the innovation on one’s own, mitative innovation, technology outsourcing and alliance on the outputs. secondly, make the cointegration analysis of the innovation on one’s own and the technology imports.
The main empirical findings are following: the innovation on one’s own, the technology imports and alliance can promote the output of technology innovation, and the innovation on one’s own is the most significant one,but technology outsourcing has not significant effect on the output; there is a long run equilibrium relationship between the technology imports and the innovation on one’s own, and the change of the innovation on one’s own is the reason for the change of the technology imports in 1 year’s lag, but they don't come into positive circle orbit, so, in order to make the innovation on one’s own and the technology imports into integrating, we must establish the concept of open innovation, which mainly depends on the innovation on one’s own, and also makes full use of advanced resources of external to imitative innovation.
本文使用高技术产业省际面板数据作为研究样本,在大量的文献研究的基础上,借鉴C–D生产函数推导了R&D投入与创新产出模型,从R&D投入的资金来源(资金来处)和技术创新模式(资金用处)两个视角进行对技术创新产出影响的实证研究。实证分两部分:
第一部分实证研究了不同资金来源对技术创新产出的影响。
具体如下:1、分地区探讨政府投入、企业自筹资金和金融机构贷款对技术创新产出的影响。2、按研发强度分类研究政府投入、企业自筹资金和金融机构贷款对技术创新产出的影响。
得到如下结论:总体看,无论是分地区还是分研发强度,政府投入和企业自筹资金都可以很好的促进技术创新产出,且政府投入对创新产出的促进作用大于企业自筹资金。而研究金融机构贷款对技术创新产出影响时,结果并没有明显显著,可能跟企业每年获得的贷款数量波动较大有关。
第二部分实证研究了不同技术创新模式经费支出对创新产出的影响。
具体如下:1、自主创新、模仿学习、技术外购和合作联盟经费投入对创新产出的影响。2、自主创新模式与模仿学习模式(技术引进)的协整分析。
得到如下结论:高技术产业的自主创新,技术引进和合作联盟对技术创新产出有显著正影响,且自主创新对创新产出的促进作用最大,但技术外购对产出无明显显著影响;技术引进与自主创新存在一个长期均衡的稳定关系,在滞后期为1年时,自主创新的变化是技术引进变化的原因,但二者并没有步入交互影响的良性循环轨道,因此为使技术引进与自主创新投入走向“全面融合”的良性循环轨道,在技术创新模式的选择上,我们要牢固树立开放式自主创新理念,即以自主创新为主,充分利用外部先进资源进行模仿创新。
With the globalization of Knowledge-based Economy, market competition is ushered into the forward position of the development of productive forces, such as innovation of knowledge and technology. Enterprises come to realize that their competitive edge no longer lies in occupation and development of resources but in those of knowledge, science, technology, high-tech incorporeal property and intelligence resources, namely enterprises’ability of technology innovation, and high-tech industries is a high R&D investment and large proportion of R&D personnel industry, manufacturers invest heavily on technology innovation. So, it is significant to have the study of the impact between the investment and the output in the technology innovation of the high-tech industries.
By using the data of high-tech industry enterprises in provinces and cities of China, based on a mass of literature review, we get the input-output model through C-D Production function, and then we study the impact between the investment and the output from Financing resource and Expenditure. There are two empirical part.
Part one, the paper study the impact between the financing resource and the output of technology innovation.
Firstly, study the effect of government funds, enterprise R&D investment and loans from financial institutions on the output by regions. secondly, study the impact between the financing resource and the output by R&D intensity.
The main empirical findings are following: whether we study it by regions or R&D intensity, all of government funds and enterprise R&D investment have stimulated effect on the output of technology innovation significantly, and government funds has stronger effects than enterprise R&D investment; generally, loans from financial institutions has not significant stimulated effect on the output of technology innovation, maybe which related to the big fluctuation of loan volumes.
Part two, the paper study impact between the technology innovation pattern and the output of technology innovation.
Firstly, study the effect of the innovation on one’s own, mitative innovation, technology outsourcing and alliance on the outputs. secondly, make the cointegration analysis of the innovation on one’s own and the technology imports.
The main empirical findings are following: the innovation on one’s own, the technology imports and alliance can promote the output of technology innovation, and the innovation on one’s own is the most significant one,but technology outsourcing has not significant effect on the output; there is a long run equilibrium relationship between the technology imports and the innovation on one’s own, and the change of the innovation on one’s own is the reason for the change of the technology imports in 1 year’s lag, but they don't come into positive circle orbit, so, in order to make the innovation on one’s own and the technology imports into integrating, we must establish the concept of open innovation, which mainly depends on the innovation on one’s own, and also makes full use of advanced resources of external to imitative innovation.
引文
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