高压水除鳞喷嘴性能测试系统研究
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摘要
在轧钢生产过程中,板坯、方坯等在加热炉中加热都会发生氧化,并生成很厚的氧化铁皮,附着在钢铁材料表面上。另外,钢铁在轧制过程中,还会发生二次氧化,形成薄薄的二次氧化铁皮。在轧辊的辗压作用下,一部分氧化铁皮被破碎成小片状自动脱落,另一部分则被压入金属表面,形成夹渣、麻点、疤痕等,成为影响轧材表面质量的重要因素之一。为了改善成品质量,目前在钢铁轧制中广泛采用在线高压水除鳞系统。高压水除鳞系统是利用高压水喷出时产生的强大的冲刷力和冷却力,由于轧材的基体材料和氧化铁皮层的冷却收缩率不同而产生的剪切力,又因高压水水渗入基体材料和氧化铁皮之间产生的蒸汽膨胀而爆裂,使氧化铁皮破碎并与基体表面脱离,同时高压水还可将氧化铁皮冲掉。
高压水除鳞系统的关键部件是高压水除鳞喷嘴。近年来,国内外一些研究人员对高压水除鳞喷嘴进行了大量的研究,结果表明,喷嘴的除鳞效果和冷却效果不仅仅与喷水条件有关,还和喷嘴的种类、结构以及安装布局有很大的关系。研制一套高压水除鳞喷嘴的性能测试系统,对国产以及进口的喷嘴进行特性测试,为生产选择合适喷嘴、提高除鳞效果和板坯质量,具有十分重要的意义。
本文结合工程实际,分析了高压水除鳞系统中喷射冲击力对除鳞效果的影响,并综合研究了影响喷射冲击力的各个要素,例如喷射压力、喷嘴出流量、喷射角和喷射距离,以及喷嘴的布置对喷射特性的影响等,如喷嘴安装前倾角和偏转角,并以此设计出高压水除鳞喷嘴性能测试系统。本系统主要由三个部分组成,包括高压水除鳞喷嘴的供水系统、电气控制系统和计算机辅助测试系统。文中还讨论了喷射打击力的测试方法,提出了传感器作“之”字形运动的测试方案,并对该方案做了详细分析。
本文在信号处理中,采用复合滤波技术,结合最小二乘法、曲面拟合算法,绘制了测试系统压力—流量曲线和打击力三维分布特性曲面,从而使整个测试系统控制有效,全面准确的反映高压水除鳞喷嘴的性能,对喷嘴的结构和现场安装具有重要的指导作用。
During the process of heating in heating-furnace,the iron scale would be formed on the surface of steel slab and billet. Otherwise, secondary iron scale would be formed during the process of hot rolling. By the rolling of roller, a part of iron scale was broken into small pieces and fell from the plant automatically. The other part was pressed into metal surface, forming slag, bug, scars and so on. It will be one of the important factors which would impact the quality of the surface of the slab. In order to improve the quality of the product, high-pressure water descaling system was adopted widely in hot rolling mill. The iron oxide skin will broken into small fragments and disengage quickly from the surface of the plate by the powerful scouring and cooling force which was produced by the high-pressure water, and the shear force which was produced by the different cooling contractibility between steel and oxidation scale, and the expansion of the steam which was produced by the water infiltrating into the substrate and the iron scale. The iron scale will be washed out by the high-pressure water in the setting direction.
In the high-pressure water descaling system, the key equipment was the nozzle. The high-pressure water descaling nozzle was studied by some technicians at home and abroad in recent years. The results showed that the effect of descaling and cooling did not only depend on the supply water, but also had a great relation to the type of the nozzles, structure and layout of the nozzles. Developing a testing system for high-pressure descaling nozzle was of great significance to choosing the suitable nozzle for plate production, improving the descaling effectiveness and the quality of slab.
In this pape a research had been done on effect of the descaling by the jet impact, and studied various factors which impacted the jet such as spray pressure, flux, jet spray angle, distance and the layout of the spray nozzle. Depending on the research, the high-water descaling testing system was designed. This system mainly consisted three parts, including the water supply systems, electrical controlling system and computer-aided testing system. The paper also discussed the testing method of the jet force and the "zhi" shaped movement testing programme was proposed and done a detailed analysis.
The computer-aided testing system in this paper drew the pressure-flow curve and three-dimensional distribution surface of the hitting power by the signal processed by filtering technology combined with least-squares curve, surface fitting algorithm. So that the entire testing system worked effectively and reflected the high-pressure water descaling nozzle accurately. The testing system played an important guiding role on the structure design and installation of the nozzle.
高压水除鳞系统的关键部件是高压水除鳞喷嘴。近年来,国内外一些研究人员对高压水除鳞喷嘴进行了大量的研究,结果表明,喷嘴的除鳞效果和冷却效果不仅仅与喷水条件有关,还和喷嘴的种类、结构以及安装布局有很大的关系。研制一套高压水除鳞喷嘴的性能测试系统,对国产以及进口的喷嘴进行特性测试,为生产选择合适喷嘴、提高除鳞效果和板坯质量,具有十分重要的意义。
本文结合工程实际,分析了高压水除鳞系统中喷射冲击力对除鳞效果的影响,并综合研究了影响喷射冲击力的各个要素,例如喷射压力、喷嘴出流量、喷射角和喷射距离,以及喷嘴的布置对喷射特性的影响等,如喷嘴安装前倾角和偏转角,并以此设计出高压水除鳞喷嘴性能测试系统。本系统主要由三个部分组成,包括高压水除鳞喷嘴的供水系统、电气控制系统和计算机辅助测试系统。文中还讨论了喷射打击力的测试方法,提出了传感器作“之”字形运动的测试方案,并对该方案做了详细分析。
本文在信号处理中,采用复合滤波技术,结合最小二乘法、曲面拟合算法,绘制了测试系统压力—流量曲线和打击力三维分布特性曲面,从而使整个测试系统控制有效,全面准确的反映高压水除鳞喷嘴的性能,对喷嘴的结构和现场安装具有重要的指导作用。
During the process of heating in heating-furnace,the iron scale would be formed on the surface of steel slab and billet. Otherwise, secondary iron scale would be formed during the process of hot rolling. By the rolling of roller, a part of iron scale was broken into small pieces and fell from the plant automatically. The other part was pressed into metal surface, forming slag, bug, scars and so on. It will be one of the important factors which would impact the quality of the surface of the slab. In order to improve the quality of the product, high-pressure water descaling system was adopted widely in hot rolling mill. The iron oxide skin will broken into small fragments and disengage quickly from the surface of the plate by the powerful scouring and cooling force which was produced by the high-pressure water, and the shear force which was produced by the different cooling contractibility between steel and oxidation scale, and the expansion of the steam which was produced by the water infiltrating into the substrate and the iron scale. The iron scale will be washed out by the high-pressure water in the setting direction.
In the high-pressure water descaling system, the key equipment was the nozzle. The high-pressure water descaling nozzle was studied by some technicians at home and abroad in recent years. The results showed that the effect of descaling and cooling did not only depend on the supply water, but also had a great relation to the type of the nozzles, structure and layout of the nozzles. Developing a testing system for high-pressure descaling nozzle was of great significance to choosing the suitable nozzle for plate production, improving the descaling effectiveness and the quality of slab.
In this pape a research had been done on effect of the descaling by the jet impact, and studied various factors which impacted the jet such as spray pressure, flux, jet spray angle, distance and the layout of the spray nozzle. Depending on the research, the high-water descaling testing system was designed. This system mainly consisted three parts, including the water supply systems, electrical controlling system and computer-aided testing system. The paper also discussed the testing method of the jet force and the "zhi" shaped movement testing programme was proposed and done a detailed analysis.
The computer-aided testing system in this paper drew the pressure-flow curve and three-dimensional distribution surface of the hitting power by the signal processed by filtering technology combined with least-squares curve, surface fitting algorithm. So that the entire testing system worked effectively and reflected the high-pressure water descaling nozzle accurately. The testing system played an important guiding role on the structure design and installation of the nozzle.
引文
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[4] 曾 汀.高压水除鳞技术在带钢生产中的应用[J].焊管,2005,28(4):36-37.
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[6] F. Wang & L. Ning & Q. Zhu & J. Lin & T. A. Dean. An investigation of descaling spray on micro- structural evolution in hot rolling[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2007,5:41-43.
[7] Hou J. Analysis on Structure and Characteristics of Pitot Type Flowmeter[J] .Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Sci-ence Edition), 2005, 22 (2) :189-193 .
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[3] 夏文辉.钢管表面高压水除鳞效果分析与系统改进[J].液压与气动,2002,10:50-52.
[4] 曾 汀.高压水除鳞技术在带钢生产中的应用[J].焊管,2005,28(4):36-37.
[5] 刘寿华等.高压水除鳞技术的应用.钢管[J],2003(3):26-29.
[6] F. Wang & L. Ning & Q. Zhu & J. Lin & T. A. Dean. An investigation of descaling spray on micro- structural evolution in hot rolling[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2007,5:41-43.
[7] Hou J. Analysis on Structure and Characteristics of Pitot Type Flowmeter[J] .Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Sci-ence Edition), 2005, 22 (2) :189-193 .
[8] 成 鹏 飞 , 阳 卫 国 . 高 压 水 除 鳞 控 制 系 统 的 结 构 与 功 能 [J]. 矿 业 研 究 与 开发,2003,23(2):31-34.
[9] 薛胜雄.高压水射流技术与应用[M].机械工业出版社,1998.8.
[10] 崔凯.粗轧机高压水除鳞系统的改造[J].机床与液压,2007,35(10):208-209.
[11] Peter Gillstr?m, Magnus Jarl. Mechanical descaling of wire rod using reverse bending and brushing [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2006,3:332-340.
[12] 姜国辉,温济全,史国良.高压水除鳞喷嘴的分析[J].液压气动与密封,2000.79(1):42-45.
[13] 程骏,管华,刘庭成.高压水除鳞喷嘴射流边界的分析 [J].清洗世界,2006,22(6):5-7.
[14] 陈奎生.液压阀与液压控制系统[M].武汉工业大学出版社.1997.3.
[15] Babets K E,G eskin. Numerical Study of the Turbulent Flow Inside a Pure Water Jet[A] Proc 11th U S Water Jet Conference, Minneapolis, 2001:19
[16] H.Liu,J.Wang,N.Kelson,R.j. Brown. A study of abrasive water jet characteristics by CFD simulation[J], Journal of Material Processing Technology, 2004,153-154:488-493
[17] B.Rembold. N.A.Adams, L.Kleise. Direct numerical simulation of a transitional rectangular jet[J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. 2002,23:547-553
[18] Mabrouki,T. Numerical simulation and experimental study of the interacation between a pure high-velocity water jet and targets:contribution to investigate the decoating process[J]. Wear.2000,239:260-273
[19] 张威.高效高压水除鳞装置设计[J].太钢译文,2005,(1):.
[20] 董以彬,徐长胜,孙明海.高压水除鳞技术在热轧中的应用及有关计算[J].重型机械,2001,(2):47-47.
[21] 邹辉,柴玉萍.高压水除磷在钢管生产中的应用[J].机械研究与应用,2002,15(2):34-35.
[22] 陈奎生.液压与气压传动[M].武汉理工大学出版社,2001.
[23] Wolfgang Igelhorst,Berthold Matz.Pumps for descaling systemsin steel making[J]. World Pumps, 2007,(7):22-25.
[24] Raudensky,M.Hydraulic descaling improvement, findings of jet structure on water hammer effect[J]. Revue de Metallurgie.Cahiers D'Informations Techniques. , 2007,104(2) :84-90.
[25] 吕卫阳,徐昌荣. PLC 工程应用实例解析[M].中国电力出版社,2007.
[26] 刘锴,周海.深入浅出西门子 S7-300PLC[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.8.
[27] 廖长初. S7-300/400PLC 应用技术[M].机械工业出版社,2005.3.
[28] 宋伯松等.PLC 编程应用指南[M].机械工业出版社,2007.1.
[29] 林敏,丁金华,田涛.计算机控制技术及工程应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[30] 姚海彬.电工技术[M].高等教育出版社.2004.
[31] 富历新等.用于步进电机控制的独立式四轴运动控制器[J].驱动控制,2002(3).
[32] 步进电动机[M].科学出版社.1979,7.
[33] 郝志恒,刘舫.Visual C++编程篇[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[34] David J. Kruglinski,Scot Wingo,George Shephed.Microsoft Visual C++技术内幕[M].北京:希望电子出版社,2000.
[35] 王正军.Visual C++6.0 程序设计从入门到精通[M].人民邮电出版社,2006.
[36] ADT-852 三轴运动控制卡说明书.深圳市众为兴数控技术有限公司..
[37] Nobuyuki Matsui, Tankaham Takeshita, and Makoto Iwasaki, DSP-based high performance motor motion control.I FAC'96,13th WorldCongress,San Francisco, USA, 1996:393-398.
[38] Matsui N. DSP-based intelligent motor/motion control[A].IEE Proceedings of the 1995American Control Conference-ACC5,1995: 490-494.
[39] 魏莉,陈建平.数据库技术在计算机控制中的应用[J]. 安防科技,2008,(1):12-14.
[40] 曾庆森 , 杨武 . 数据库 SQL 查询语句优化方法的研究 [J]. 电脑开发与应用 , 2001,(02):24-25.
[41] Rick Snodgrass.Querying valid-time state tables[J].Database Programming & Design, 1998,11(07):60-62
[42] 启明工作室.VC++ + SQL Server 数据库应用系统开发与实例[M].人民邮电出版社,2004.
[43] Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan.Database system concepts[M]. Higher Education Press,2006.
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