AKD乳液制备及其性能研究
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摘要
在生产AKD(Alkyl Ketene Dimer,烷基烯酮二聚体)中性造纸施胶剂时,所使用的AKD蜡由国外进口产品改为国内生产产品时会有很高的经济效益。考虑到进口AKD蜡所使用的原料与国内的不同以及国产AKD蜡在纯度、稳定性以及施胶效果较国外的产品稍有不足。通过对AKD乳液的乳化过程进行分析和优化,在AKD蜡的乳化加工过程中通过配方优化以及工艺调整提高AKD乳液的稳定性、活性以及减少沉积物的产生,从而最大化的提高国产AKD乳液的使用价值。
通过对进口及国产AKD蜡的分析发现,不同AKD蜡在碳链结构上存在差别,对于碳链较长的国产AKD蜡在加入较多的淀粉乳化剂时有助于提高其乳液粒径分布。即在不使用进口AKD的情况下,使用国内厂家生产的AKD原料,可以通过适当增加乳化剂的用量得到粒径分布较好的乳液,有助于乳液稳定性的提高及纸机应用。
在对AKD进行乳化时需要针对不同的AKD蜡通过实验室确定其乳化温度。在使用国内厂家生产的AKD原料,在稳定性稍差时,可以在加工过程中的熔融、预混、均化等阶段适当提高温度,可以制得粒径分布较好的乳液产品,可以明显提高乳液的稳定性。
AKD施胶剂中决定施胶效果好坏的关键指标是AKD施胶剂的活性含量。由于加工工艺以及设备、原料等差别,进口的AKD蜡活性含量较高。而AKD蜡活性的损失的主要途径是水解,随着温度升高,AKD蜡的水解程度和水解速率也随之升高。在使用国产AKD蜡时通过对温度的调整以及加工工艺中抑制水解的发生来减少活性损失,通过这些措施获得了较好的效果。在将温度设定为70℃以及对工艺进行优化后,使用国产AKD蜡生产得到的乳液完全符合要求,施胶效果达到采用进口AKD蜡制作的施胶剂同等水平。
在使用国产AKD蜡作为原料生产AKD施胶剂时,通过对配方、工艺的调整,获得粒径分布较小的乳液,从而在纸机应用时减少沉积物的产生。
In the AKD neutral sizing manufacture industry, there will be much economic profit when shift the AKD wax from import to local supplier. However consider there are some difference between import AKD wax with local AKD wax, such as the raw materials of AKD wax, a little bit poor in impurity, stability and sizing performance in local AKD wax. We focus on analyze and optimize the process of AKD emulsion manufacture to get the good paper machine application results with local AKD wax by optimize the AKD emulsion formulation and process, try to improve the performance of local AKD wax sizing emulsion by enhance the emulsion stability, assay and decrease the deposit in emulsion.
We have analyzed the import and local AKD wax, the results show there are difference in import and local AKD wax in molecular carbon chain. for the local AKD wax, the carbon chain is much longer than import's, and the more the emulsification agent has been added to AKD emulsion with local AKD, the more good particle size distribution emulsion you will get. That is to say, even with the local AKD wax, we can get the good particle size distribution emulsion with good stability and good paper machine application results.
Before emulsify the AKD wax, a lab testing should be carry out to determine its the melting point according to different sourcing AKD wax. When making emulsion with local AKD with poor stability, we can increase the temperature during the melting, pre-mixing and homogenization steps to achieve good emulsification results to get good particle size distribution and stabile products.
The key parameter in AKD emulsion relate to sizing performance is AKD assay. Due to the difference in manufacture process, equipment and raw materials, the import AKD wax has much higher assay. The main AKD assay loss is hydrolyzation, the hydrolyzation degree and speed depend on the temperature, the much higher temperature, the more rapid hydrolyze reaction and higher degree in hydrolyzation. The assay loss can be decreased during the AKD emulsification if control the temperature to a proper value and control the steps which there is hydrolyzation reaction. When use local AKD, if we control the emulsification temperature to 70℃and optimize the manufacture process, good AKD emulsion can be got and all characteristic meet specification requirement, the sizing performance can be same level with the emulsion with import AKD wax.
The good particle size distribution emulsion can be got when using the local AKD wax by formulation and process modification, and then can reduce the deposit issue in paper application.
通过对进口及国产AKD蜡的分析发现,不同AKD蜡在碳链结构上存在差别,对于碳链较长的国产AKD蜡在加入较多的淀粉乳化剂时有助于提高其乳液粒径分布。即在不使用进口AKD的情况下,使用国内厂家生产的AKD原料,可以通过适当增加乳化剂的用量得到粒径分布较好的乳液,有助于乳液稳定性的提高及纸机应用。
在对AKD进行乳化时需要针对不同的AKD蜡通过实验室确定其乳化温度。在使用国内厂家生产的AKD原料,在稳定性稍差时,可以在加工过程中的熔融、预混、均化等阶段适当提高温度,可以制得粒径分布较好的乳液产品,可以明显提高乳液的稳定性。
AKD施胶剂中决定施胶效果好坏的关键指标是AKD施胶剂的活性含量。由于加工工艺以及设备、原料等差别,进口的AKD蜡活性含量较高。而AKD蜡活性的损失的主要途径是水解,随着温度升高,AKD蜡的水解程度和水解速率也随之升高。在使用国产AKD蜡时通过对温度的调整以及加工工艺中抑制水解的发生来减少活性损失,通过这些措施获得了较好的效果。在将温度设定为70℃以及对工艺进行优化后,使用国产AKD蜡生产得到的乳液完全符合要求,施胶效果达到采用进口AKD蜡制作的施胶剂同等水平。
在使用国产AKD蜡作为原料生产AKD施胶剂时,通过对配方、工艺的调整,获得粒径分布较小的乳液,从而在纸机应用时减少沉积物的产生。
In the AKD neutral sizing manufacture industry, there will be much economic profit when shift the AKD wax from import to local supplier. However consider there are some difference between import AKD wax with local AKD wax, such as the raw materials of AKD wax, a little bit poor in impurity, stability and sizing performance in local AKD wax. We focus on analyze and optimize the process of AKD emulsion manufacture to get the good paper machine application results with local AKD wax by optimize the AKD emulsion formulation and process, try to improve the performance of local AKD wax sizing emulsion by enhance the emulsion stability, assay and decrease the deposit in emulsion.
We have analyzed the import and local AKD wax, the results show there are difference in import and local AKD wax in molecular carbon chain. for the local AKD wax, the carbon chain is much longer than import's, and the more the emulsification agent has been added to AKD emulsion with local AKD, the more good particle size distribution emulsion you will get. That is to say, even with the local AKD wax, we can get the good particle size distribution emulsion with good stability and good paper machine application results.
Before emulsify the AKD wax, a lab testing should be carry out to determine its the melting point according to different sourcing AKD wax. When making emulsion with local AKD with poor stability, we can increase the temperature during the melting, pre-mixing and homogenization steps to achieve good emulsification results to get good particle size distribution and stabile products.
The key parameter in AKD emulsion relate to sizing performance is AKD assay. Due to the difference in manufacture process, equipment and raw materials, the import AKD wax has much higher assay. The main AKD assay loss is hydrolyzation, the hydrolyzation degree and speed depend on the temperature, the much higher temperature, the more rapid hydrolyze reaction and higher degree in hydrolyzation. The assay loss can be decreased during the AKD emulsification if control the temperature to a proper value and control the steps which there is hydrolyzation reaction. When use local AKD, if we control the emulsification temperature to 70℃and optimize the manufacture process, good AKD emulsion can be got and all characteristic meet specification requirement, the sizing performance can be same level with the emulsion with import AKD wax.
The good particle size distribution emulsion can be got when using the local AKD wax by formulation and process modification, and then can reduce the deposit issue in paper application.
引文
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[2]Prinz, M., Schultz, W.-S.. Sizing agents for wet end and surface application. Wochenblatt fuer Papierfabrikation.2006,134,22:1329-1335
[3]Thomas Schumana, Magnus Wikstro mb, Mikael Rigdahl. Coating of surface-modified papers with poly(vinyl alcohol). Surface and Coatings Technology.2004,183:96-105
[4]S. Zakaria. Development of wet-strength paper with dianhydride and diacid. Materials Chemistry and Physics.2004,88:239-243
[5]罗军.AKD中性施胶剂的研制.中国学位论文全文数据库.2001.5：1-2
[6]曾丽萍,新型AKD乳液在白水全封闭体系中的应用及留着机理的研究。中国学位论文全文数据库。2004年：5-6
[7]叶国平.国内造纸施胶剂的应用与发展趋势.江苏造纸.2005,3：41-42
[8]李丹.AKD中性施胶造纸的生产实践.湖南造纸.2002年,04期：5-7
[9]王保,周小凡,刘永顺,刘建华,朱万亮.书写纸应用改性AKD中性施胶剂的实践。造纸化学品.2006,18(4)：24
[10]张振福.AKD中性旋胶中遇到的问题及其解决措施.中华纸业.2003,24(3)：50
[11]戴红旗,冀萍,任恺,周小芳.烷基烯酮二聚体化学改性及其应用探讨.造纸化学品.2002,14(3)：31
[12]任建华,聂永俊.AKD中性施胶在特种包装纸中的应用研究.生活用纸.2004,14：51
[13]柳海燕,何兆秋,李红霞.AKD中性施胶的影响因素.黑龙江造纸.2002年,03期：33
[14]王键,王燕.烷基烯酮二聚体改性及其产物的红外表征.INFRAED.2009年,第30卷,第4期：25-28
[15]Lei Qiao, Qu-Ming Gu, H. N. Cheng. Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of hydrophobically modified starch. Carbohydrate Polymers.2006,66:135-140
[16]江雄知,卢艳芳.烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)中性施胶剂的研究进展.中国胶粘剂.2008年,第17卷,第8期：51-59
[17]沈一丁.造纸化学品.2004年,1：1-3
[18]裴少波,邝仕均.AKD中性施胶.中国造纸.2002,21(6)：45
[19]许开绍,罗军,黄崇杏,王双飞.AKD专用高分子乳化剂的研制.造纸科学与技术,2002年,第21卷,第5期：26
[20]郑敬斌,朱万亮,庄耀礼,张凤山,刘全校.AKD中性施胶剂在胶版纸生产中的应用.中国造纸.2002年,02期：71-72
[21]林尤长.中(碱)性施胶剂的应用.浙江造纸.2001,3：34
[22]姚超云.AKD中性施胶技术及其配套化学品的选用.造纸化学品.2002年,01期：32-33
[23]潘海燕.无机盐离子和PCC填料对AKD水解动力学的影响.国际造纸.2005,24,4：27-30
[24]Okada, Noriyuki. System of the wet-end chemicals for neutral papermaking. Kami Pa Gikyoshi.2006,60,4:523-529
[25]G. Garnier, J. Wright, L. Godbout, L. Yu. Wetting mechanism of alkyl ketene dimmers on cellulose films. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects.1998, Volume 145, Issues 1-3:165
[26]王润辰,李小瑞,费贵强,王海花.AKD专用高分子表面活性剂的性能研究.精细化工.2010年,第27卷,第1期：30-33
[27]Kristina Mohlin, Philip Karlsson, Krister Holmberg. Use of cleavable surfactants for alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) dispersions. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects.2006,274:200-210
[28]Lee, Hak Lae, Seo, Man Seok, Shin, Jong Ho, Youn, Hye Jung. Neutral sizing of linerboard using fast cure type AKD. Polpu, Chongi Gisul.2006,38:1-8
[29]Lindsay, Helen. Protective Packaging:an introduction to the materials used to produce archival quality boxes, folders, sleeves and envelopes. Journal of the Society of Archivists.2000, Vol.21, Issue 1:91
[30]许其现,陈浩涛,颜进华,李向华.淀粉对表面施胶剂的协同实验.广州化工.2009年,第37卷,第1期：92-94
[31]刘全校,张长彪等.杀菌剂对中性／碱性施胶效果的影响.中华纸业.2002,23,5：52-53
[32]王怀阳.新型硅铝微粒助留助滤剂的制备及应用.中国学位论文全文数据库.2004年：12
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