无碳复写原纸的生产实践研究
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摘要
采用湿法备料、连续蒸煮生产的漂白麦草浆比间隙蒸煮的漂白麦草浆洁净度高、白度高、质量好，且漂白杨木—麦草混合浆(各占50％)的质量稳定性远优于漂白麦草浆。从物理强度分析发现漂白杨木-麦草混合浆的性能介于漂白杨木浆和漂白麦草浆之间。以此混合浆、进口针叶木浆为原料，添加了增白且不易泛黄的液体增白剂，选择了彩色度和日晒牢度高的进口环保型直接染料、固色剂及干、湿强剂，采用中性施胶和硅纳米微粒助留助滤工艺技术，因此原纸的白度和亮度高且稳定，色彩丰富，纸张的柔韧性、挺度高且不翘曲、不变形、强力高、正反差小、纸面均匀，有利于原纸的涂层整理。
研究结果表明，造纸湿部pH值在7.5～8.5时阳离子助剂对纸料的吸附作用最好，碳酸钙填料吸附的化学药品最少，而且相对高的pH值有助于中性施胶反应活化能的降低。改性后的表面增强上胶剂ZSF-402与淀粉及表面施胶剂配合使用，可大幅度提高纸张的表面拉毛强度以及适应性能。
直接染料对纤维素纤维的亲和力高，纤维易着色，且色牢度高，特别是进口耐晒型的染料的耐晒牢度达到4—5级，使原纸在涂布加工后不变色。在浆中直接加入上述染料生产的彩色无碳复写原纸在低温下发色快，发色强，色彩清晰，柔和且成本底。APC-H液体荧光增白剂溶解性好，增白性能极好，用量高时也不返黄。
微粒助留系统采用硫酸铝酸化水玻璃形成的一种硅铝复合微溶胶，与先期加入浆中的阳离子淀粉混合使用适合高剪切力下使用，形成的絮聚体小，紧密而牢固，其用量在0.3％时，CaCO_3的留着率高，助留助滤效果好。
氧化淀粉加表面施胶剂D-1配合使用，具有良好的抗水性能和成膜能力，使成纸的表面强度大大提高，保证原纸在被加工过程中，涂层染料被均匀吸附，从而提高无碳复写纸的复写功能。
生产实践表明，采用中性造纸工艺，高效微粒助留助滤技术及合成表面施胶剂的纸张表面处理技术，生产出的无碳复写原纸各项物理指标均达到或超过国家标准，用户使用后反馈良好。
Bleaching straw pulp which adopt wet preparation and continuous digesting is better thanbleaching straw pulp of intermittent digesting in purity, whiteness and quality, and moreover thequality of poplar and straw mixed bleaching pulp is much more stable than bleaching straw pulp. Itis observed from analysis physical strength that the performance of poplar and straw mixedbleaching pulp is between bleaching poplar pulp and bleaching straw pulp.
For using mixed pulp and imported conifer pulp as material and also adding liquid whitenessagent which is not tend to turn yellow, selecting direct dye which is imported withenvironment-friendly quality as well as high colour and fastness of solarization resistance andadopting neutral sizing and nano silicon particles technology in retention and drainage, the basepaper has high stable whiteness and brightness. The base paper is affluent in colour and have highquality in flexility, stiffness, strength and formation whithout warping, distortion and sideness so thatit is advantageous to handing coat layer.
The result of study shows that cationic agent has good absorption to furnish but carbon dioxidehas the least absorption to chemicals while the pH value is 7.5 to 8.5 and moreover it is helpful toreduce activation energy in neutral sizing reaction. The modified sizing agent of surface strengthZSF-402 which is used with starch and surface sizing agent can improve surface picking strengthand printablity.
The direct dye has high affinity to cellulose fibre so that the fibre is easy to be dyed with highfastness. Especially the imported dye of solarization resistance has fastness of 4-5 degree so that thebase paper not change color after coating. The chromogenic reaction of colourful carbonless copybase paper is fast and strong with clear and gentle colour as well as low cost while addingabove-mentioned dye to pulp directly in production. The APC-H liquid FWA has good capability ofdissolution and whitening and not turning yellow with high dosage.
Particle retention system which selects a kind colloidal substance of Silicon-Alum complexacquired from acidification of aluminum sulfate and cationic starch which is added into pulp first issuitable for high shear force and forming tiny, compact and fast flocculation. When the dosage is at0.3％, retention and drainage rate of carbon dioxide is excellent.
When the oxide starch is used with surface sizing agent D-1, it can achieve good waterresistance and film formation ability so that the surface strength of paper can be improved greatly. Italso ensure even absorption of dye in coating layer in the handing process of base paper so that thecopy function of carbonless copy base paper is improved too.
Production practice has proved that with neutral papermaking and high effective microparticleretention and drainage technology as well as paper surface processing technology by syntheticsurface sizing agent, all physical index of carbonless copy base paper achieve or exceed nationalstandard and received good feedback after using of customers.
研究结果表明，造纸湿部pH值在7.5～8.5时阳离子助剂对纸料的吸附作用最好，碳酸钙填料吸附的化学药品最少，而且相对高的pH值有助于中性施胶反应活化能的降低。改性后的表面增强上胶剂ZSF-402与淀粉及表面施胶剂配合使用，可大幅度提高纸张的表面拉毛强度以及适应性能。
直接染料对纤维素纤维的亲和力高，纤维易着色，且色牢度高，特别是进口耐晒型的染料的耐晒牢度达到4—5级，使原纸在涂布加工后不变色。在浆中直接加入上述染料生产的彩色无碳复写原纸在低温下发色快，发色强，色彩清晰，柔和且成本底。APC-H液体荧光增白剂溶解性好，增白性能极好，用量高时也不返黄。
微粒助留系统采用硫酸铝酸化水玻璃形成的一种硅铝复合微溶胶，与先期加入浆中的阳离子淀粉混合使用适合高剪切力下使用，形成的絮聚体小，紧密而牢固，其用量在0.3％时，CaCO_3的留着率高，助留助滤效果好。
氧化淀粉加表面施胶剂D-1配合使用，具有良好的抗水性能和成膜能力，使成纸的表面强度大大提高，保证原纸在被加工过程中，涂层染料被均匀吸附，从而提高无碳复写纸的复写功能。
生产实践表明，采用中性造纸工艺，高效微粒助留助滤技术及合成表面施胶剂的纸张表面处理技术，生产出的无碳复写原纸各项物理指标均达到或超过国家标准，用户使用后反馈良好。
Bleaching straw pulp which adopt wet preparation and continuous digesting is better thanbleaching straw pulp of intermittent digesting in purity, whiteness and quality, and moreover thequality of poplar and straw mixed bleaching pulp is much more stable than bleaching straw pulp. Itis observed from analysis physical strength that the performance of poplar and straw mixedbleaching pulp is between bleaching poplar pulp and bleaching straw pulp.
For using mixed pulp and imported conifer pulp as material and also adding liquid whitenessagent which is not tend to turn yellow, selecting direct dye which is imported withenvironment-friendly quality as well as high colour and fastness of solarization resistance andadopting neutral sizing and nano silicon particles technology in retention and drainage, the basepaper has high stable whiteness and brightness. The base paper is affluent in colour and have highquality in flexility, stiffness, strength and formation whithout warping, distortion and sideness so thatit is advantageous to handing coat layer.
The result of study shows that cationic agent has good absorption to furnish but carbon dioxidehas the least absorption to chemicals while the pH value is 7.5 to 8.5 and moreover it is helpful toreduce activation energy in neutral sizing reaction. The modified sizing agent of surface strengthZSF-402 which is used with starch and surface sizing agent can improve surface picking strengthand printablity.
The direct dye has high affinity to cellulose fibre so that the fibre is easy to be dyed with highfastness. Especially the imported dye of solarization resistance has fastness of 4-5 degree so that thebase paper not change color after coating. The chromogenic reaction of colourful carbonless copybase paper is fast and strong with clear and gentle colour as well as low cost while addingabove-mentioned dye to pulp directly in production. The APC-H liquid FWA has good capability ofdissolution and whitening and not turning yellow with high dosage.
Particle retention system which selects a kind colloidal substance of Silicon-Alum complexacquired from acidification of aluminum sulfate and cationic starch which is added into pulp first issuitable for high shear force and forming tiny, compact and fast flocculation. When the dosage is at0.3％, retention and drainage rate of carbon dioxide is excellent.
When the oxide starch is used with surface sizing agent D-1, it can achieve good waterresistance and film formation ability so that the surface strength of paper can be improved greatly. Italso ensure even absorption of dye in coating layer in the handing process of base paper so that thecopy function of carbonless copy base paper is improved too.
Production practice has proved that with neutral papermaking and high effective microparticleretention and drainage technology as well as paper surface processing technology by syntheticsurface sizing agent, all physical index of carbonless copy base paper achieve or exceed nationalstandard and received good feedback after using of customers.
引文
1．施仁信，AKD中性施胶剂，造纸化学品，1994，2：25
2．陈学文，AKD中性施胶用于硫酸盐竹浆生产铜版原纸和双胶纸，广东造纸，1995，1：32
3．周实山，周锦秀，AKD中性施胶技术的应用，中华纸业，1999，1：25
4．李忠正等，意大利速生杨木制浆造纸性能的研究，中国造纸，1985(6)：19-28
5．李忠正，林纸一体化与中国主要速生人工造纸树种的制浆造纸性能，中华纸业，2001(7)：6～12
6．刘铁男，实施林纸一体化建设 实现造纸工业结构升级，中华纸业，2001(12)：6～7
7．焦统明、崔芳兰，调整原料结构 改善浆料质量，中国造纸学报2003年增刊(5)：95～97
8．戴红旗，毕松林，吴佩琛等，AKD-LT中性／碱性造纸施胶剂的应用研究，中国造纸，1999，18(1)：39
9．戴红旗，毕松林，郑铁山等，AKD-LT中性／碱性造纸施胶剂在双胶纸的生产实践，1999，2：19
10．戴红旗，毕松林，吕建民等，AKD-LT在水果套袋纸AKD-LT中性／碱性造纸施胶剂上的应用，中华纸业，1999，1：45
11．戴红旗，毕松林，李忠正等，漂白麦草浆AKD施胶特性初探，中国造纸，1999，18(6)：42
12．戴红旗，毕松林，李忠正等，麦草浆AKD中性造纸湿部纸料电荷特性研究，中国造纸学报，2000，15(1)：74
13．赵建光，AKD中性施胶实验及效益评估，湖南造纸，2000，3：19
14．李丹，AKD中性造纸生产实践，湖南造纸，2002，4：24
15．陈根荣，世界造纸化学品市场最新动态[J]，造纸化学品，2000，12(1)：6～12
16．李巧玲，硅溶胶的酸对其稳定性的影响，湖南化工，1998，28(6)：37～38
17．陈夫山，两性助留助滤剂的研制及其湿部化学的研究，天津轻工业学院博士学位论文，1998
18．2001年全国造纸工业情况及2002年发展展望，北京：纸业商情，2002，4，30：2
19．胡惠仁，徐立新，董荣业编，造纸化学品，北京：化学工业出版社，2002：290
20．乔文峰，纸张染色与色差检测，纸和造纸，2003，3：66
21．张光华，造纸湿部化学原理及其应用，中国轻工业出版社，1998，9
22．张红杰，胡惠仁，新型的微粒助留体系(J)，西南造纸，2001(6)：17～18
23．陈根荣，湿部化学品在提高纸机车速中的作用[J]，造纸化学品，2000，3：12
24．宋海荣，杨崎，黄显南，郭凯，多元微粒子助留助滤技术，西南造纸，2001(3)：8～9
25．叶晓春，造纸系统中阴离子物质的积累与防治[J]，造纸化学品，1999，(2)：16
26．戴红旗，徐祖梅，陈健，胶体氢氧化铝助留助滤性能探讨，上海造纸，2002，33(3)： 39～41
27．刘温霞，硅铝类微粒子助留助滤体系，造纸化学品，2001，1：21～24
28．冯群策，杨淑蕙，郝晓秀，微粒助留技术的新发展，国际造纸，2003，22(3)：9～11
29．王军利，陈夫山，刘忠，微粒助留系统的工厂应用及最新研究动态，上海造纸，2002，9(3)：46～48
30．梁超，吕建平，邵利斌，合成表面施胶剂PAS、PMS的制备和应用，造纸化学品，2001 (2)：33～35
31．张国运，表面施胶的作用及影响因素，天津造纸，2003，(2)：7～13
32. White Paper tinting.germany:bayer corporcotion,1998:8,9
33. P.F.Richardson, J.H.Smith.Techniques for Laboratory Evaluation of Dispersants and Formation Aids Used in the Wet-laid Prosess.Tappi Journal,1989.7:155-158
34. Lindstrom,T and Eklund, D. Retention and dewatering. Paper Chemistry: An Introduction.DT Paper Science Publications,Gan Rulla, Finland,1991,145-191
35. Benhaddou R. Creation of biodegradable polymers from cellulosic residues. Collq. Inst.Rech.Agron, 1995,71:231-236
2．陈学文，AKD中性施胶用于硫酸盐竹浆生产铜版原纸和双胶纸，广东造纸，1995，1：32
3．周实山，周锦秀，AKD中性施胶技术的应用，中华纸业，1999，1：25
4．李忠正等，意大利速生杨木制浆造纸性能的研究，中国造纸，1985(6)：19-28
5．李忠正，林纸一体化与中国主要速生人工造纸树种的制浆造纸性能，中华纸业，2001(7)：6～12
6．刘铁男，实施林纸一体化建设 实现造纸工业结构升级，中华纸业，2001(12)：6～7
7．焦统明、崔芳兰，调整原料结构 改善浆料质量，中国造纸学报2003年增刊(5)：95～97
8．戴红旗，毕松林，吴佩琛等，AKD-LT中性／碱性造纸施胶剂的应用研究，中国造纸，1999，18(1)：39
9．戴红旗，毕松林，郑铁山等，AKD-LT中性／碱性造纸施胶剂在双胶纸的生产实践，1999，2：19
10．戴红旗，毕松林，吕建民等，AKD-LT在水果套袋纸AKD-LT中性／碱性造纸施胶剂上的应用，中华纸业，1999，1：45
11．戴红旗，毕松林，李忠正等，漂白麦草浆AKD施胶特性初探，中国造纸，1999，18(6)：42
12．戴红旗，毕松林，李忠正等，麦草浆AKD中性造纸湿部纸料电荷特性研究，中国造纸学报，2000，15(1)：74
13．赵建光，AKD中性施胶实验及效益评估，湖南造纸，2000，3：19
14．李丹，AKD中性造纸生产实践，湖南造纸，2002，4：24
15．陈根荣，世界造纸化学品市场最新动态[J]，造纸化学品，2000，12(1)：6～12
16．李巧玲，硅溶胶的酸对其稳定性的影响，湖南化工，1998，28(6)：37～38
17．陈夫山，两性助留助滤剂的研制及其湿部化学的研究，天津轻工业学院博士学位论文，1998
18．2001年全国造纸工业情况及2002年发展展望，北京：纸业商情，2002，4，30：2
19．胡惠仁，徐立新，董荣业编，造纸化学品，北京：化学工业出版社，2002：290
20．乔文峰，纸张染色与色差检测，纸和造纸，2003，3：66
21．张光华，造纸湿部化学原理及其应用，中国轻工业出版社，1998，9
22．张红杰，胡惠仁，新型的微粒助留体系(J)，西南造纸，2001(6)：17～18
23．陈根荣，湿部化学品在提高纸机车速中的作用[J]，造纸化学品，2000，3：12
24．宋海荣，杨崎，黄显南，郭凯，多元微粒子助留助滤技术，西南造纸，2001(3)：8～9
25．叶晓春，造纸系统中阴离子物质的积累与防治[J]，造纸化学品，1999，(2)：16
26．戴红旗，徐祖梅，陈健，胶体氢氧化铝助留助滤性能探讨，上海造纸，2002，33(3)： 39～41
27．刘温霞，硅铝类微粒子助留助滤体系，造纸化学品，2001，1：21～24
28．冯群策，杨淑蕙，郝晓秀，微粒助留技术的新发展，国际造纸，2003，22(3)：9～11
29．王军利，陈夫山，刘忠，微粒助留系统的工厂应用及最新研究动态，上海造纸，2002，9(3)：46～48
30．梁超，吕建平，邵利斌，合成表面施胶剂PAS、PMS的制备和应用，造纸化学品，2001 (2)：33～35
31．张国运，表面施胶的作用及影响因素，天津造纸，2003，(2)：7～13
32. White Paper tinting.germany:bayer corporcotion,1998:8,9
33. P.F.Richardson, J.H.Smith.Techniques for Laboratory Evaluation of Dispersants and Formation Aids Used in the Wet-laid Prosess.Tappi Journal,1989.7:155-158
34. Lindstrom,T and Eklund, D. Retention and dewatering. Paper Chemistry: An Introduction.DT Paper Science Publications,Gan Rulla, Finland,1991,145-191
35. Benhaddou R. Creation of biodegradable polymers from cellulosic residues. Collq. Inst.Rech.Agron, 1995,71:231-236