母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸补充量对后代仔鸡腿肉中硒沉积及过热味的影响
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摘要
母体效应是目前国内外的研究热点,引起了很多畜牧专家和食品科学家的高度重视。本实验的目的是研究母体有机硒和蛋氨酸效应是否可持续影响到将要上市的后代仔鸡。450只52周龄的狼山种母鸡(蛋肉两用型)随机分成9个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。种母鸡饲喂以玉米-大豆粕为基础的日粮,并补充不同水平的有机硒和蛋氨酸。每千克基础日粮中分别含有0.13,0.43,0.73 mg有机硒(0.1%,主要成分为硒代蛋氨酸)和0.32%,0.40%,0.54%的DL-蛋氨酸(99%)。经过30 d的预试期和70 d的正式饲养实验后,从每个处理组挑选大小均匀的200颗蛋,孵化。21 d后,每个处理组挑选160只健康的雏鸡,随机分成5个重复。所有仔鸡饲喂相同的日粮。13周龄时,从每个重复随机挑选2只仔母鸡,屠宰,取样。分别测定仔鸡腿肉中Se、GSH的含量和GSH-Px的活性。仔鸡腿肉80℃水浴加热20 min,4℃冷藏6 h和3 d后,分别测定TBARS、挥发性氧化产物及游离脂肪酸和磷脂脂肪酸的含量。
母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸的补充可以持续影响到仔鸡孵化后的13周龄。高硒高蛋氨酸和低硒低蛋氨酸组仔鸡腿肉中硒含量最高(P＜0.05),两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。高硒高蛋氨酸组仔鸡腿肉中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著低(P＜0.05)。母源性有机硒补充对仔鸡腿肉中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量影响不显著(P＞0.05),但0.54%蛋氨酸组仔鸡腿肉中GSH含量显著高(P＜0.05)。母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸补充显著降低了冷藏6 h和3 d的仔鸡腿肉中TBARs含量(P＜0.05),有效抑制了脂质氧化的发生。当种母鸡饲料中有机硒水平为0.13 mg/kg时,蛋氨酸补充显著提高了冷藏6 h和3 d的仔鸡腿肉中TBARs含量(P＜0.05)。
母源性有机硒与蛋氨酸对过热味(WOF)发展初期主要挥发性氧化产物的含量均有互作效应(P＜0.05),而有机硒和蛋氨酸的主效应均不显著(P＞0.05)。种母鸡饲料有机硒和蛋氨酸的补充显著降低了WOF发展初期仔鸡腿肉中总醛、己醛、1-戊醇的相对含量(P＜0.05),却提高了2,3-辛二酮和2-戊基呋喃的含量(P＜0.05)。低硒低蛋氨酸组与高硒高蛋氨酸组均有效抑制了WOF的发展,两纽间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸对WOF发展后期挥发性氧化产物的含量影响不显著(P＞0.05)。冷藏时间对各种挥发性氧化产物的含量均有极显著影响(P＜0.01)。过热味后期各种氧化产物含量较初期的变化如下:总烃、总酮、辛醛、任醛、1-辛醇、2-辛烯-1-醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、2,3-辛二酮、2-戊基-呋喃的含量显著增加;而总醛、总酸、己醛、戊醛、1-戊醇的含量显著降低。
0.54%母源性蛋氨酸组的仔鸡腿肉冷藏6h后各种游离脂肪酸的含量均显著高(P＜0.05);0.73 mg/kg母源性有机硒组较0.13 mg/kg有机硒组的仔鸡腿肉冷藏6 h后游离的豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈油酸(C16:1)、亚麻酸(C18:3)、二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6)的含量显著高(P＜0.05);硒和蛋氨酸互作不显著(P＞0.05)。母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸补充对冷藏3 d后仔鸡腿肉中各种游离脂肪酸含量、冷藏6 h和3 d后各种磷脂脂肪酸含量的影响不显著(P＞0.05)。各种游离脂肪酸和磷脂脂肪酸的含量均随着过热味的发展极显著降低(P＜0.01)。磷脂脂肪酸的氧化降解速率显著高于游离脂肪酸(P＜0.0001)。氧化速度最快的三种脂肪酸依次为:亚麻酸、棕榈油酸和豆蔻酸。
综上所述,本研究认为母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸的补充可以持续影响到仔鸡孵化后的13周龄。高硒高蛋氨酸组仔鸡腿肉中硒含量显著高,有效抑制WOF的产生。仔鸡腿肉中较高含量的GSH及其它蛋氨酸代谢产物有效抑制了WOF发生过程中脂质的氧化,而GSH-Px在这方面的抗氧化效果不显著。
The maternal effect is a research focus in animal science and food science field.The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the effects of dietary supplementation of female chickens with selenium(Se) and methionine(Met) continue into the next generation.450 Lang-shan breeding hens(dual-purpose type,an indigenous poultry breed of China) were obtained at 52 wk of age and randomly allotted to 1 of 9 treatments for 5 replicates of 10 birds each.The breeder hens were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet and supplemented with Se and Met for 30-day adapting period and 70-day experiment period.Se and Met levels in the diet of breeder hens were 0.13,0.43,0.73 mg Se/kg from Sel-Plex(0.1%) and 0.32%,0.40%and 0.54%of Met from DL-methionine (99%),respectively.200 eggs with uniform weight and size per treatment were collected and incubated,After incubation for 21 d,160 healthy chicks from the same female-parental group were randomly divided into 5 replicates.All the chicks were fed with the same diet. After 13 wk,2 female progeny each replicate were slaughtered.The left thigh was collected. The Se and glutathione(GSH) concentration,glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity in progeny thigh were determined.After the progeny thigh was cooked and storaged at 4℃for 6 h and 3 d,TBARS concentration,the content of volatile oxidative compounds,free fatty acids and phospholipid fatty acids were measured.
Dietary supplementation of breeder hens with Se and Met both at the highest levels(0.73 mg Se/kg,0.54%Met) or the lowest levels(0.13mg Se/kg,0.32%Met) resulted in the most deposition of Se in progeny thigh of 13 wk(P＜0.05).GSH-Px activity of the thigh was reduced(P＜0.05) in offspring originating from the high-Se(0.73 mg/kg) hens compared with those from the control group,but this effect was significant only when the diet was provided with 0.54%of Met.GSH concentration in progeny thigh was not affected by maternal dietary Se levels(P＞0.05),but was elevated(P＜0.05) by 0.54%of Met.When the hens were fed with 0.54%of Met,feeding 0.73 mg Se/kg of diet to breeder hens resulted in a significant reduction(P＜0.05) in TBARS content of progeny thigh both at 6 h and 3 d. When breeder hens received the diet with 0.13 mg Se/kg,TBARS content of progeny thigh was elevated(P＜0.05) as a result of Met supplementation both at 6 h and 3 d.
A significant interactive effect between maternal Se and Met on relative quantity of primary volatile oxidative compounds produced at the beginning of WOF was found (P＜0.05),but the main effect of either Se or Met was not significant(P＞0.05).Both the highest levels of Se and Met in breeder hens diets resulted in the lower content of total aldehyde,hexanal,1-pentanol,but the higher concentration of 2,3octanedione and 2-pentyl-furan in progeny thigh(P＜0.05).0.13mg Se/kg-0.32%of Met treatment was as effective as that of 0.73 mg Se/kg-0.54%of Met in inhibiting WOF development,and there was no difference between the two treatments(P＞0.05).There was no significant effects of maternal Se and Met supplementation on the content of volatile oxidative compounds produced at the later stage of WOF(P＜0.05).The relative quantity of volatile oxidative compounds as a result of WOF development was significantly influenced by the chilled storage time(P＜0.01).The contents of total aldehyde,total acids,hexanal,pentanal and 1-pentanol were found to negatively covary and decrease with increasing days of storage,while the relative quantities of total hydrocarbon,total ketone,octanal,nonanal, 1-octanol,2-octen-l-ol,1-octen-3-ol,2,3octanedione and 2-pentyl-furan increased with the storage time.
0.54%of maternal dietary Met treatment exhibited the highest concentrations of flee fatty acids at 6 h(P＜0.05);the contents of myristic acid(C14:0),palmitoleic acid(C16:1), linolenic acid(C18:3) and docosahexaenoic acid(C22:6) at 6 h significantly increased as a result of maternal Se supplementation(P＜0.05);the interactive effect of Se and Met on the contents of free fatty acids at 6 h was not significant(P＞0.05).Basically,there were no significant effects of dietary Se and Met supplementation of breeder hens on the concentrations of free fatty acids at 3 d,phospholipid fatty acids both at 6 h and 3 d (P＞0.05).Free fatty acids and phospholipid fatty acids were all found to decrease with increasing days of storage(P＜0.01).The oxidative rates of phospholipid fatty acids were significantly higher than those of free fatty acids(P＜0.0001).The most decreased fatty acids from 6 h to 3 d both in free fatty acids and in phospholipid fatty acids were linolenic acid(C18:3),palmitoleic acid(C16:1) and myristic acid(C14:0).
In conclusion,it was suggested that the effects of maternal Se and Met intake persist into the 13-wk-old offspring.Dietary supplementation with Se and Met of breeder hens resulted in the most Se deposition in and an effective protection against lipid oxidation and WOF of the progeny thigh.The results also indicated that the increase of protective ability against lipid oxidation and WOF of progeny thigh could be due to higher concentrations of GSH and other Met metabolites,not to GSH-Px activity.
母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸的补充可以持续影响到仔鸡孵化后的13周龄。高硒高蛋氨酸和低硒低蛋氨酸组仔鸡腿肉中硒含量最高(P＜0.05),两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。高硒高蛋氨酸组仔鸡腿肉中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著低(P＜0.05)。母源性有机硒补充对仔鸡腿肉中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量影响不显著(P＞0.05),但0.54%蛋氨酸组仔鸡腿肉中GSH含量显著高(P＜0.05)。母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸补充显著降低了冷藏6 h和3 d的仔鸡腿肉中TBARs含量(P＜0.05),有效抑制了脂质氧化的发生。当种母鸡饲料中有机硒水平为0.13 mg/kg时,蛋氨酸补充显著提高了冷藏6 h和3 d的仔鸡腿肉中TBARs含量(P＜0.05)。
母源性有机硒与蛋氨酸对过热味(WOF)发展初期主要挥发性氧化产物的含量均有互作效应(P＜0.05),而有机硒和蛋氨酸的主效应均不显著(P＞0.05)。种母鸡饲料有机硒和蛋氨酸的补充显著降低了WOF发展初期仔鸡腿肉中总醛、己醛、1-戊醇的相对含量(P＜0.05),却提高了2,3-辛二酮和2-戊基呋喃的含量(P＜0.05)。低硒低蛋氨酸组与高硒高蛋氨酸组均有效抑制了WOF的发展,两纽间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸对WOF发展后期挥发性氧化产物的含量影响不显著(P＞0.05)。冷藏时间对各种挥发性氧化产物的含量均有极显著影响(P＜0.01)。过热味后期各种氧化产物含量较初期的变化如下:总烃、总酮、辛醛、任醛、1-辛醇、2-辛烯-1-醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、2,3-辛二酮、2-戊基-呋喃的含量显著增加;而总醛、总酸、己醛、戊醛、1-戊醇的含量显著降低。
0.54%母源性蛋氨酸组的仔鸡腿肉冷藏6h后各种游离脂肪酸的含量均显著高(P＜0.05);0.73 mg/kg母源性有机硒组较0.13 mg/kg有机硒组的仔鸡腿肉冷藏6 h后游离的豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈油酸(C16:1)、亚麻酸(C18:3)、二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6)的含量显著高(P＜0.05);硒和蛋氨酸互作不显著(P＞0.05)。母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸补充对冷藏3 d后仔鸡腿肉中各种游离脂肪酸含量、冷藏6 h和3 d后各种磷脂脂肪酸含量的影响不显著(P＞0.05)。各种游离脂肪酸和磷脂脂肪酸的含量均随着过热味的发展极显著降低(P＜0.01)。磷脂脂肪酸的氧化降解速率显著高于游离脂肪酸(P＜0.0001)。氧化速度最快的三种脂肪酸依次为:亚麻酸、棕榈油酸和豆蔻酸。
综上所述,本研究认为母源性有机硒和蛋氨酸的补充可以持续影响到仔鸡孵化后的13周龄。高硒高蛋氨酸组仔鸡腿肉中硒含量显著高,有效抑制WOF的产生。仔鸡腿肉中较高含量的GSH及其它蛋氨酸代谢产物有效抑制了WOF发生过程中脂质的氧化,而GSH-Px在这方面的抗氧化效果不显著。
The maternal effect is a research focus in animal science and food science field.The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the effects of dietary supplementation of female chickens with selenium(Se) and methionine(Met) continue into the next generation.450 Lang-shan breeding hens(dual-purpose type,an indigenous poultry breed of China) were obtained at 52 wk of age and randomly allotted to 1 of 9 treatments for 5 replicates of 10 birds each.The breeder hens were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet and supplemented with Se and Met for 30-day adapting period and 70-day experiment period.Se and Met levels in the diet of breeder hens were 0.13,0.43,0.73 mg Se/kg from Sel-Plex(0.1%) and 0.32%,0.40%and 0.54%of Met from DL-methionine (99%),respectively.200 eggs with uniform weight and size per treatment were collected and incubated,After incubation for 21 d,160 healthy chicks from the same female-parental group were randomly divided into 5 replicates.All the chicks were fed with the same diet. After 13 wk,2 female progeny each replicate were slaughtered.The left thigh was collected. The Se and glutathione(GSH) concentration,glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity in progeny thigh were determined.After the progeny thigh was cooked and storaged at 4℃for 6 h and 3 d,TBARS concentration,the content of volatile oxidative compounds,free fatty acids and phospholipid fatty acids were measured.
Dietary supplementation of breeder hens with Se and Met both at the highest levels(0.73 mg Se/kg,0.54%Met) or the lowest levels(0.13mg Se/kg,0.32%Met) resulted in the most deposition of Se in progeny thigh of 13 wk(P＜0.05).GSH-Px activity of the thigh was reduced(P＜0.05) in offspring originating from the high-Se(0.73 mg/kg) hens compared with those from the control group,but this effect was significant only when the diet was provided with 0.54%of Met.GSH concentration in progeny thigh was not affected by maternal dietary Se levels(P＞0.05),but was elevated(P＜0.05) by 0.54%of Met.When the hens were fed with 0.54%of Met,feeding 0.73 mg Se/kg of diet to breeder hens resulted in a significant reduction(P＜0.05) in TBARS content of progeny thigh both at 6 h and 3 d. When breeder hens received the diet with 0.13 mg Se/kg,TBARS content of progeny thigh was elevated(P＜0.05) as a result of Met supplementation both at 6 h and 3 d.
A significant interactive effect between maternal Se and Met on relative quantity of primary volatile oxidative compounds produced at the beginning of WOF was found (P＜0.05),but the main effect of either Se or Met was not significant(P＞0.05).Both the highest levels of Se and Met in breeder hens diets resulted in the lower content of total aldehyde,hexanal,1-pentanol,but the higher concentration of 2,3octanedione and 2-pentyl-furan in progeny thigh(P＜0.05).0.13mg Se/kg-0.32%of Met treatment was as effective as that of 0.73 mg Se/kg-0.54%of Met in inhibiting WOF development,and there was no difference between the two treatments(P＞0.05).There was no significant effects of maternal Se and Met supplementation on the content of volatile oxidative compounds produced at the later stage of WOF(P＜0.05).The relative quantity of volatile oxidative compounds as a result of WOF development was significantly influenced by the chilled storage time(P＜0.01).The contents of total aldehyde,total acids,hexanal,pentanal and 1-pentanol were found to negatively covary and decrease with increasing days of storage,while the relative quantities of total hydrocarbon,total ketone,octanal,nonanal, 1-octanol,2-octen-l-ol,1-octen-3-ol,2,3octanedione and 2-pentyl-furan increased with the storage time.
0.54%of maternal dietary Met treatment exhibited the highest concentrations of flee fatty acids at 6 h(P＜0.05);the contents of myristic acid(C14:0),palmitoleic acid(C16:1), linolenic acid(C18:3) and docosahexaenoic acid(C22:6) at 6 h significantly increased as a result of maternal Se supplementation(P＜0.05);the interactive effect of Se and Met on the contents of free fatty acids at 6 h was not significant(P＞0.05).Basically,there were no significant effects of dietary Se and Met supplementation of breeder hens on the concentrations of free fatty acids at 3 d,phospholipid fatty acids both at 6 h and 3 d (P＞0.05).Free fatty acids and phospholipid fatty acids were all found to decrease with increasing days of storage(P＜0.01).The oxidative rates of phospholipid fatty acids were significantly higher than those of free fatty acids(P＜0.0001).The most decreased fatty acids from 6 h to 3 d both in free fatty acids and in phospholipid fatty acids were linolenic acid(C18:3),palmitoleic acid(C16:1) and myristic acid(C14:0).
In conclusion,it was suggested that the effects of maternal Se and Met intake persist into the 13-wk-old offspring.Dietary supplementation with Se and Met of breeder hens resulted in the most Se deposition in and an effective protection against lipid oxidation and WOF of the progeny thigh.The results also indicated that the increase of protective ability against lipid oxidation and WOF of progeny thigh could be due to higher concentrations of GSH and other Met metabolites,not to GSH-Px activity.
引文
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