感染马立克氏病病毒SPF鸡法氏囊蛋白质组学研究
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摘要
马立克氏病病毒(Marek’s Disease Virus, MDV)是一种致肿瘤性疱疹病毒,能够引起内脏和皮肤肿瘤,侵染中枢神经系统,导致易感鸡瘫痪或死亡。马立克氏病病毒引起的马立克氏病(Marek’s Disease,MD)也是一种目前人类能成功用疫苗进行预防的肿瘤性疾病,具有重要的比较生物学意义。研究马立克氏病病毒感染的鸡在感染不同阶段的蛋白质组学,将为认识淋巴瘤的形成提供更基础、更广泛的资料,并可能为肿瘤的治疗提供新的方法和新的思路。法氏囊作为禽类特有的重要淋巴器官,它既执行着中枢免疫功能也执行着二级免疫功能。溶细胞阶段是MDV感染周期中的一个重要阶段,这个过程主要发生在法氏囊组织,并且这个过程的直接结果通常会导致免疫抑制,从而增加对其它疾病的易感性。本论文在成功建立了法氏囊组织双向凝胶电泳(Two dimensional gel electrophoresis,2-DE)技术基础上,分别对MDV超强毒株RB1B感染的SPF鸡在不同阶段法氏囊组织中病毒感染水平和宿主差异蛋白质组进行研究,对其中的部分差异点进行了质谱鉴定和回复验证。并对差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析,探讨了MDV感染引起法氏囊差异蛋白变化的意义和可能机制。
1.鸡法氏囊蛋白质组学双向电泳方法的建立
以SPF鸡的法氏囊组织为研究对象,用固相pH梯度胶条进行等电聚焦, SDS-PAGE垂直电泳,采用不同的样品制备方法,对上样量、水化、等电聚焦、胶条平衡和凝胶染色方法等进行一系列优化,并应用PDQuest 8.0.1软件对图谱进行初步分析。结果显示法氏囊组织在pH 5-8范围17 cm的2-DE胶上可以得到很好的分离,胶体考染后经PDQuest软件分析正常法氏囊组织可检测到800个以上蛋白点,不同2-DE图谱间蛋白点平均匹配率为83.5%。本研究建立了鸡法氏囊组织蛋白质组双向电泳技术,为法氏囊发育进化及其免疫功能的研究提供了可靠的技术和理论依据。
2.马立克氏病病毒感染后法氏囊组织中病毒感染水平研究
MDV在体内的感染分为四个主要阶段:早期溶细胞感染,潜伏感染,再次溶细胞感染,肿瘤细胞增生。本研究用超强毒株RB1B感染SPF鸡,感染后的不同阶段(4DPI、7DPI、14DPI和21DPI)对法氏囊等组织进行了感染状态研究,组织冰冻切片,HE染色观察,结果显示在感染后期法氏囊和胸腺明显萎缩,脾脏明显肿大,切片观察法氏囊组织滤泡严重萎缩,滤泡内淋巴细胞排列松散,滤泡间质增宽,肌细胞层弥漫性增生。同时利用半定量RT-PCR技术检测不同阶段法氏囊中MDV的gB和Meq基因的mRNA相对表达水平。结果显示MDV-Meq基因的mRNA水平在7DPI、21DPI时明显增高,21DPI时达到差异极显著;MDV-gB基因在4DPI和21DPI时显著性增高,而在潜伏期7DPI和14DPI时则明显下降,这些数据显示MDV在感染鸡法氏囊中复制正常,也为后期的病毒感染宿主差异蛋白质组学研究提供了条件。
3.马立克氏病病毒感染后法氏囊组织的蛋白质组学研究
采用2-DE技术,对RB1B感染的SPF鸡和对照组鸡的法氏囊在不同感染阶段(4DPI、7DPI、14DPI和21DPI)的组织样品进行了蛋白质组分离,利用PDQuest 8.0.1软件对2-DE图谱进行分析,对其中的部分差异点进行质谱鉴定。结果平均每块胶能检测到800-900个蛋白点,四个阶段共有77个差异蛋白点,利用统计分析方法筛选出差异极显著且变化有规律的蛋白点29个,其中表现为持续上调的有13个,持续下调的有10个,先期上调后期下调的2个,先期下调后期上调的4个。对这些蛋白点进行切胶消化,用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrixassociated laser dissociation / ionization time of flightmass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS)进行鉴定分析。共鉴定出24个蛋白,它们是载脂蛋白AI(ApoAI)、白血病相关蛋白18(LAP18)、癌蛋白18(Op18)、Ras相关蛋白Rab11A、两种热休克蛋白27(HSP27)、BUB同系蛋白、含硫氧还蛋白域5(TXNDC5)、伴侣素蛋白(CCT)、β2-微球蛋白(BMG)、热休克蛋白40(HSP40)、磷酸甘露糖变位酶蛋白、慢骨骼肌肌钙蛋白T、蛋白质二硫化物异构酶A3前体、dUTP焦磷酸酶蛋白、D样不均一核核糖核蛋白、醛缩酶C蛋白、胰蛋白、LOC129607类似蛋白、含错配修复酶假定蛋白、含GTPase假定蛋白、两种含GATase1样结构域假定蛋白。另外,还发现了两个数据库中没有的禽源蛋白,这有待于更进一步的研究。通过数据库查询和生物信息学分析,证实这些已知的差异蛋白与新陈代谢相关的占19%,与蛋白质折叠相关的占15%,与细胞增殖和调亡相关的占15%,与信号转导相关的占22%,与免疫相关的占15%,与细胞骨架结构相关蛋白的占7%,其它占7%。在此基础上结合现有的文献报道,对这些差异蛋白质的功能、与病毒感染发病关系以及肿瘤相关方面进行分析讨论。提出ApoAI持续的过量表达可能与MDV病毒粒子跨膜感染机制有关,同时以ApoAI过表达为主导的脂类代谢紊乱可能是最终导致MDV感染易引起动脉粥样硬化的主要原因;LAP18和Op18的波动性调节可能与MDV引起的肿瘤形成早期有关;RB1B诱导的HSP27蛋白过量表达可能有利于其子代病毒大量产生;持续上调表达的Rab11A蛋白可能与MDV细胞内转运,囊泡出芽,逃避免疫或复制机制有关,Rab11A也有望成为抗单纯疱疹病毒分子治疗的作用靶点;BMG的下调表达可能与MDV引起的免疫抑制有关;与肿瘤形成有关的BUB3同系物蛋白和TXNDC5蛋白在RB1B感染后的四个阶段均表现为持续上调表达,后期差异极显著可能预示着MDV感染的肿瘤形成。本研究首次报道了在MDV感染下的宿主法氏囊组织中一些重要蛋白的差异变化,为更深入研究MDV致病机制和病毒性致肿瘤机制提供了可靠数据,同时也为把MDV感染鸡作为肿瘤模型动物奠定了基础。
4.感染MDV后法氏囊中ApoA1、Op18的mRNA变化和ApoAI蛋白变化研究
通过对RB1B感染鸡不同阶段的法氏囊组织中的差异蛋白的检测,发现Apolipoprotein A1(ApoAI)呈现持续性过量表达,而Oncoprotein 18(Op18)的蛋白表达水平呈现波动性变化。本研究通过半定量RT-PCR的方法,对RB1B感染后不同时间点的实验组与对照组法氏囊组织中ApoAI和Op18的mRNA水平进行检测,比较2-DE和质谱结果的一致性;同时,将完整的ApoAI和Op18开放阅读框分别克隆进入pGEX6p1载体,通过诱导表达手段分别获得了这两个带有GST的融合蛋白,将融合蛋白GST-ApoAI通过电洗脱的方法回收后免疫Balb/c小鼠制备多抗血清,再利用多抗血清采用Western blot检测手段对2-DE和质谱结果进行蛋白表达水平上的验证。结果显示不同阶段ApoAI和Op18的mRNA水平变化与2-DE和质谱分析的结果基本一致,通过原核表达成功获得了这两种含有GST的融合蛋白,其中GST-ApoAI为包涵体表达,GST-Op18为可溶性表达。利用ApoAI原核表达产物免疫Balb/c小鼠获得的多抗血清能够有效识别法氏囊组织样品中的ApoAI蛋白,对不同阶段实验组和对照组法氏囊组织样品进行Western blot分析,结果与2-DE检测的结果基本一致,进一步验证了前期的2-DE和质谱分析结论。
Marek’s disease virus (MDV), as an oncogenic herpesvirus, induces internal and cutaneous tumor and infects nervous system that leads to paralysis or death in susceptible chickens. Currently, Marek’s Disease is kind neoplastic disease that can be successfully prevented by vaccine, which plays an important role of comparative medicine. Determining the effects of MDV infection on the chicken proteome may provide fundamental insights for tumorigenesis and reveal new and novel targets for therapeutic investigation. The bursa of Fabricius, as an important lymphoid organ, performs both primary and secondary immune functions, and it is also the site where the replication finishes. The cytolytic phase is an important phase of MDV replication cycle that mainly occurs in bursa of Fabricius. And this phase usually causes immune suppression and thus increases susceptibility to other secondary infections. This study successfully established the two-dimensional gel (2-DE) technology of bursa tissue. Then, the bursae of Fabricius from RB1B-infected chickens and control chickens at different stages were analyzed by 2-DE technology, and the levels of virus-infected were detected by RT-PCR, respectively. Some of differential spots were identified with mass spectrometry and reversion to verification. The difference proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics to discuss the significance of the difference proteins and possible mechanism of virus infected.
1. Development of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for proteomic of bursa of Fabricius.
To develop two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with good repetition and high resolution for the proteomic analysis of bursa of Fabricius, in this study, the bursa of Fabricius from specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were analyzed by 2-DE. The first dimension was isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients (IPG) strip and the second dimension was SDS-PAGE on vertical electrophoresis units. The conditions were optimized, such as sample preparation, rehydration, isoelectric focusing, equilibration, staining, and other steps. The results were analyzed with the software PDQuest 8.0.1. On the 17 cm IPG strip (pH 5–8), more than 800 spots were detected in normal bursa of Fabricius tissue through this method, and the match rate of protein spots was 83.5 %. The development of the 2-DE method for proteomic of bursa of Fabricius should provide a basis for further elucidation of the development and immune function of bursa of Fabricius.
2. Viral infection level in bursa of Fabricius of chickens infected with MDV
MDV infection in vivo is divided into four main phases, that is, early cytolytic infection, latent infection, cytolytic re-infection, and tumor cell proliferation. The animal experiments were designed according to these stages. SPF chickens were infected with RB1B strain via intraperitoneal injection. Lesions of major immune organs were detected at different days post infection (4 DPI, 7 DPI, 14 DPI, and 21 DPI). The frozen section of the bursa of Fabricius was prepared and stained by H.E. And the relative mRNA level of MDV-Meq and MDV-gB in the bursa of Fabricius at different stages was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the mRNA level of MDV-Meq gene had an increasing trend in 7DPI and 21DPI, especially significantly increased in21DPI; the MDV-gB gene, significantly increased in 4 DPI and 21 DPI, while the level decreased in latency period (7 DPI and 14 DPI). These data should contribute to proteomics research about host response in bursa of chickens infected with MDV.
3. Proteomics of host responses in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens infected with MDV
The bursae of Fabricius of chickens infected with RB1B were analyzed by 2-DE technology, and the 2-DE maps at different stages (4 DPI, 7 DPI, 14 DPI and 21 DPI) were analyzed with software PDQuest 8.0.1. Some of differential spots were identified with mass spectrometry. The results showed 800-900 protein spots were detected in every 2-DE gels. Comparative analysis of these 2-DE gels at different teams in multiple 2-DE gels revealed that 77 differentially expression protein spots during different period. Then these spots were further analyzed by SPSS software, and twenty-nine significant and regularity change spots were selected, including 13 persistent up-regulated protein spots,10 persistent down-regulated protein spots,2 up-regulated at antephase and down-regulated at anaphase protein spots, 4 down-regulated at antephase and up-regulated at anaphase protein spots. The 29 protein spot were analyzed by matrixassociated laser dissociation / ionization time of flightmass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Twenty-four proteins were successfully identificated, including Apolipoprotein A1, leukemia-associated protein, tumor protein 18, Ras-related protein Rab11A, HSP27, BUB3 homolog, thioredoxin domain containing 5, chaperonin containing TCP1, beta2 microglobulin, similar to DnaJ protein SB73 (HSP40), phosphomannomutase 2, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-like, slow muscle troponin T, similar to LOC129607 protein, 58kDa glucose regulated protein precursor, trypsinogen, hypothetical protein(Mismatch repair ATPase,MutS family), hypothetical protein (GATase1-like domain). In addition, we discoveried two differential proteins different from those published in the database of fowl, which further study is needed. As confirmed by database query, these differential proteins were mainly associated with tumor, protein folding, signal transduction, immunology, as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis. Based on the above research, we analyzed the function of these differential proteins as well as their relationship with MDV infection mechanism and tumor through bioinformatics analysis combined with the present reports. ApoAI was found that sustained over-expression may be associated with MDV infection mechanism of virus particles on the membrane, while expression of ApoAI had led disordered lipid metabolism may be easy to eventually lead to atherosclerosis of MDV infection. LAP18 and Op18 were significantly fluctuating expression in this experiment, suggesting that they may be related to MDV-induced tumor formation of the early. The HSP27 was found that over expression in this study. The function of over-expressed HSP27 was confirmed to delay apoptosis. RB1B could induced HSP27 over-expression in order to benefit a large number of their offspring. Rab11A protein was founded that sustained up-regulated expression in this study. Rab11A protein may be associated with MDV cell transfer or copy mechanism. Rab11A was also expected to be the role of molecular target therapy to anti-herpes simplex virus. Down-regulated expression of the BMG might be related with the MDV-induced immunosuppressant in this experiment. BUB3 protein and Trx protein are related with tumor formation, which continued up-regulated expression in the four-stage. The latter difference was extremely significant that prognosticated the period of tumorous formation was coming. This study firstly reported host responses of promotes in the bursa of Fabricius of chicken infected with MDV. It was important to further study of MDV pathogenesis and viral-induced tumors provided much data, as well as made some basis messages for the MDV infection chicken as tumor model.
4. The detection of mRNA of ApoAI and Op18, and Western blot validations of ApoAI in the bursa of Fabicius of chicken infected with MDV
In the preliminary study, Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoAI) was found that sustained over-expression, and Oncoprotein 18 (Op18) was significantly fluctuating expression at different stage, as indicated by 2-DE and mass spectrometry. In this the experiment, after infection with RB1B, the mRNA level of ApoAI and Op18 was detected in bursal tissue of the experimental group and control group at different time points through semi-quantitative RT-PCR. And the detected result of mRNA level was compared with that detected by 2-DE and mass spectrometry to determine their consistency. The ORF of ApoAI and Op18 were cloned into pGEX6p1 vector, respectively. Two GST-fusion proteins were obtained by prokaryotic expression. The fusion protein GST-ApoAI was recovered through electroelution, and Balb/c mice were immunized to prepare antiserums for authentication the results of 2-DE and mass spectrometry at protein level by Western blot. The results showed that the mRNA levels of ApoAI and Op18 were consistent with the results of the 2-DE and mass spectrometry analyzed at different stages. The multi-antiserums were able to effectively identify ApoAI protein in bursal tissue samples of experimental and control groups at different stages by Western blot, and the results were consistent with that of 2-DE.
1.鸡法氏囊蛋白质组学双向电泳方法的建立
以SPF鸡的法氏囊组织为研究对象,用固相pH梯度胶条进行等电聚焦, SDS-PAGE垂直电泳,采用不同的样品制备方法,对上样量、水化、等电聚焦、胶条平衡和凝胶染色方法等进行一系列优化,并应用PDQuest 8.0.1软件对图谱进行初步分析。结果显示法氏囊组织在pH 5-8范围17 cm的2-DE胶上可以得到很好的分离,胶体考染后经PDQuest软件分析正常法氏囊组织可检测到800个以上蛋白点,不同2-DE图谱间蛋白点平均匹配率为83.5%。本研究建立了鸡法氏囊组织蛋白质组双向电泳技术,为法氏囊发育进化及其免疫功能的研究提供了可靠的技术和理论依据。
2.马立克氏病病毒感染后法氏囊组织中病毒感染水平研究
MDV在体内的感染分为四个主要阶段:早期溶细胞感染,潜伏感染,再次溶细胞感染,肿瘤细胞增生。本研究用超强毒株RB1B感染SPF鸡,感染后的不同阶段(4DPI、7DPI、14DPI和21DPI)对法氏囊等组织进行了感染状态研究,组织冰冻切片,HE染色观察,结果显示在感染后期法氏囊和胸腺明显萎缩,脾脏明显肿大,切片观察法氏囊组织滤泡严重萎缩,滤泡内淋巴细胞排列松散,滤泡间质增宽,肌细胞层弥漫性增生。同时利用半定量RT-PCR技术检测不同阶段法氏囊中MDV的gB和Meq基因的mRNA相对表达水平。结果显示MDV-Meq基因的mRNA水平在7DPI、21DPI时明显增高,21DPI时达到差异极显著;MDV-gB基因在4DPI和21DPI时显著性增高,而在潜伏期7DPI和14DPI时则明显下降,这些数据显示MDV在感染鸡法氏囊中复制正常,也为后期的病毒感染宿主差异蛋白质组学研究提供了条件。
3.马立克氏病病毒感染后法氏囊组织的蛋白质组学研究
采用2-DE技术,对RB1B感染的SPF鸡和对照组鸡的法氏囊在不同感染阶段(4DPI、7DPI、14DPI和21DPI)的组织样品进行了蛋白质组分离,利用PDQuest 8.0.1软件对2-DE图谱进行分析,对其中的部分差异点进行质谱鉴定。结果平均每块胶能检测到800-900个蛋白点,四个阶段共有77个差异蛋白点,利用统计分析方法筛选出差异极显著且变化有规律的蛋白点29个,其中表现为持续上调的有13个,持续下调的有10个,先期上调后期下调的2个,先期下调后期上调的4个。对这些蛋白点进行切胶消化,用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrixassociated laser dissociation / ionization time of flightmass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS)进行鉴定分析。共鉴定出24个蛋白,它们是载脂蛋白AI(ApoAI)、白血病相关蛋白18(LAP18)、癌蛋白18(Op18)、Ras相关蛋白Rab11A、两种热休克蛋白27(HSP27)、BUB同系蛋白、含硫氧还蛋白域5(TXNDC5)、伴侣素蛋白(CCT)、β2-微球蛋白(BMG)、热休克蛋白40(HSP40)、磷酸甘露糖变位酶蛋白、慢骨骼肌肌钙蛋白T、蛋白质二硫化物异构酶A3前体、dUTP焦磷酸酶蛋白、D样不均一核核糖核蛋白、醛缩酶C蛋白、胰蛋白、LOC129607类似蛋白、含错配修复酶假定蛋白、含GTPase假定蛋白、两种含GATase1样结构域假定蛋白。另外,还发现了两个数据库中没有的禽源蛋白,这有待于更进一步的研究。通过数据库查询和生物信息学分析,证实这些已知的差异蛋白与新陈代谢相关的占19%,与蛋白质折叠相关的占15%,与细胞增殖和调亡相关的占15%,与信号转导相关的占22%,与免疫相关的占15%,与细胞骨架结构相关蛋白的占7%,其它占7%。在此基础上结合现有的文献报道,对这些差异蛋白质的功能、与病毒感染发病关系以及肿瘤相关方面进行分析讨论。提出ApoAI持续的过量表达可能与MDV病毒粒子跨膜感染机制有关,同时以ApoAI过表达为主导的脂类代谢紊乱可能是最终导致MDV感染易引起动脉粥样硬化的主要原因;LAP18和Op18的波动性调节可能与MDV引起的肿瘤形成早期有关;RB1B诱导的HSP27蛋白过量表达可能有利于其子代病毒大量产生;持续上调表达的Rab11A蛋白可能与MDV细胞内转运,囊泡出芽,逃避免疫或复制机制有关,Rab11A也有望成为抗单纯疱疹病毒分子治疗的作用靶点;BMG的下调表达可能与MDV引起的免疫抑制有关;与肿瘤形成有关的BUB3同系物蛋白和TXNDC5蛋白在RB1B感染后的四个阶段均表现为持续上调表达,后期差异极显著可能预示着MDV感染的肿瘤形成。本研究首次报道了在MDV感染下的宿主法氏囊组织中一些重要蛋白的差异变化,为更深入研究MDV致病机制和病毒性致肿瘤机制提供了可靠数据,同时也为把MDV感染鸡作为肿瘤模型动物奠定了基础。
4.感染MDV后法氏囊中ApoA1、Op18的mRNA变化和ApoAI蛋白变化研究
通过对RB1B感染鸡不同阶段的法氏囊组织中的差异蛋白的检测,发现Apolipoprotein A1(ApoAI)呈现持续性过量表达,而Oncoprotein 18(Op18)的蛋白表达水平呈现波动性变化。本研究通过半定量RT-PCR的方法,对RB1B感染后不同时间点的实验组与对照组法氏囊组织中ApoAI和Op18的mRNA水平进行检测,比较2-DE和质谱结果的一致性;同时,将完整的ApoAI和Op18开放阅读框分别克隆进入pGEX6p1载体,通过诱导表达手段分别获得了这两个带有GST的融合蛋白,将融合蛋白GST-ApoAI通过电洗脱的方法回收后免疫Balb/c小鼠制备多抗血清,再利用多抗血清采用Western blot检测手段对2-DE和质谱结果进行蛋白表达水平上的验证。结果显示不同阶段ApoAI和Op18的mRNA水平变化与2-DE和质谱分析的结果基本一致,通过原核表达成功获得了这两种含有GST的融合蛋白,其中GST-ApoAI为包涵体表达,GST-Op18为可溶性表达。利用ApoAI原核表达产物免疫Balb/c小鼠获得的多抗血清能够有效识别法氏囊组织样品中的ApoAI蛋白,对不同阶段实验组和对照组法氏囊组织样品进行Western blot分析,结果与2-DE检测的结果基本一致,进一步验证了前期的2-DE和质谱分析结论。
Marek’s disease virus (MDV), as an oncogenic herpesvirus, induces internal and cutaneous tumor and infects nervous system that leads to paralysis or death in susceptible chickens. Currently, Marek’s Disease is kind neoplastic disease that can be successfully prevented by vaccine, which plays an important role of comparative medicine. Determining the effects of MDV infection on the chicken proteome may provide fundamental insights for tumorigenesis and reveal new and novel targets for therapeutic investigation. The bursa of Fabricius, as an important lymphoid organ, performs both primary and secondary immune functions, and it is also the site where the replication finishes. The cytolytic phase is an important phase of MDV replication cycle that mainly occurs in bursa of Fabricius. And this phase usually causes immune suppression and thus increases susceptibility to other secondary infections. This study successfully established the two-dimensional gel (2-DE) technology of bursa tissue. Then, the bursae of Fabricius from RB1B-infected chickens and control chickens at different stages were analyzed by 2-DE technology, and the levels of virus-infected were detected by RT-PCR, respectively. Some of differential spots were identified with mass spectrometry and reversion to verification. The difference proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics to discuss the significance of the difference proteins and possible mechanism of virus infected.
1. Development of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for proteomic of bursa of Fabricius.
To develop two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with good repetition and high resolution for the proteomic analysis of bursa of Fabricius, in this study, the bursa of Fabricius from specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were analyzed by 2-DE. The first dimension was isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients (IPG) strip and the second dimension was SDS-PAGE on vertical electrophoresis units. The conditions were optimized, such as sample preparation, rehydration, isoelectric focusing, equilibration, staining, and other steps. The results were analyzed with the software PDQuest 8.0.1. On the 17 cm IPG strip (pH 5–8), more than 800 spots were detected in normal bursa of Fabricius tissue through this method, and the match rate of protein spots was 83.5 %. The development of the 2-DE method for proteomic of bursa of Fabricius should provide a basis for further elucidation of the development and immune function of bursa of Fabricius.
2. Viral infection level in bursa of Fabricius of chickens infected with MDV
MDV infection in vivo is divided into four main phases, that is, early cytolytic infection, latent infection, cytolytic re-infection, and tumor cell proliferation. The animal experiments were designed according to these stages. SPF chickens were infected with RB1B strain via intraperitoneal injection. Lesions of major immune organs were detected at different days post infection (4 DPI, 7 DPI, 14 DPI, and 21 DPI). The frozen section of the bursa of Fabricius was prepared and stained by H.E. And the relative mRNA level of MDV-Meq and MDV-gB in the bursa of Fabricius at different stages was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the mRNA level of MDV-Meq gene had an increasing trend in 7DPI and 21DPI, especially significantly increased in21DPI; the MDV-gB gene, significantly increased in 4 DPI and 21 DPI, while the level decreased in latency period (7 DPI and 14 DPI). These data should contribute to proteomics research about host response in bursa of chickens infected with MDV.
3. Proteomics of host responses in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens infected with MDV
The bursae of Fabricius of chickens infected with RB1B were analyzed by 2-DE technology, and the 2-DE maps at different stages (4 DPI, 7 DPI, 14 DPI and 21 DPI) were analyzed with software PDQuest 8.0.1. Some of differential spots were identified with mass spectrometry. The results showed 800-900 protein spots were detected in every 2-DE gels. Comparative analysis of these 2-DE gels at different teams in multiple 2-DE gels revealed that 77 differentially expression protein spots during different period. Then these spots were further analyzed by SPSS software, and twenty-nine significant and regularity change spots were selected, including 13 persistent up-regulated protein spots,10 persistent down-regulated protein spots,2 up-regulated at antephase and down-regulated at anaphase protein spots, 4 down-regulated at antephase and up-regulated at anaphase protein spots. The 29 protein spot were analyzed by matrixassociated laser dissociation / ionization time of flightmass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Twenty-four proteins were successfully identificated, including Apolipoprotein A1, leukemia-associated protein, tumor protein 18, Ras-related protein Rab11A, HSP27, BUB3 homolog, thioredoxin domain containing 5, chaperonin containing TCP1, beta2 microglobulin, similar to DnaJ protein SB73 (HSP40), phosphomannomutase 2, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-like, slow muscle troponin T, similar to LOC129607 protein, 58kDa glucose regulated protein precursor, trypsinogen, hypothetical protein(Mismatch repair ATPase,MutS family), hypothetical protein (GATase1-like domain). In addition, we discoveried two differential proteins different from those published in the database of fowl, which further study is needed. As confirmed by database query, these differential proteins were mainly associated with tumor, protein folding, signal transduction, immunology, as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis. Based on the above research, we analyzed the function of these differential proteins as well as their relationship with MDV infection mechanism and tumor through bioinformatics analysis combined with the present reports. ApoAI was found that sustained over-expression may be associated with MDV infection mechanism of virus particles on the membrane, while expression of ApoAI had led disordered lipid metabolism may be easy to eventually lead to atherosclerosis of MDV infection. LAP18 and Op18 were significantly fluctuating expression in this experiment, suggesting that they may be related to MDV-induced tumor formation of the early. The HSP27 was found that over expression in this study. The function of over-expressed HSP27 was confirmed to delay apoptosis. RB1B could induced HSP27 over-expression in order to benefit a large number of their offspring. Rab11A protein was founded that sustained up-regulated expression in this study. Rab11A protein may be associated with MDV cell transfer or copy mechanism. Rab11A was also expected to be the role of molecular target therapy to anti-herpes simplex virus. Down-regulated expression of the BMG might be related with the MDV-induced immunosuppressant in this experiment. BUB3 protein and Trx protein are related with tumor formation, which continued up-regulated expression in the four-stage. The latter difference was extremely significant that prognosticated the period of tumorous formation was coming. This study firstly reported host responses of promotes in the bursa of Fabricius of chicken infected with MDV. It was important to further study of MDV pathogenesis and viral-induced tumors provided much data, as well as made some basis messages for the MDV infection chicken as tumor model.
4. The detection of mRNA of ApoAI and Op18, and Western blot validations of ApoAI in the bursa of Fabicius of chicken infected with MDV
In the preliminary study, Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoAI) was found that sustained over-expression, and Oncoprotein 18 (Op18) was significantly fluctuating expression at different stage, as indicated by 2-DE and mass spectrometry. In this the experiment, after infection with RB1B, the mRNA level of ApoAI and Op18 was detected in bursal tissue of the experimental group and control group at different time points through semi-quantitative RT-PCR. And the detected result of mRNA level was compared with that detected by 2-DE and mass spectrometry to determine their consistency. The ORF of ApoAI and Op18 were cloned into pGEX6p1 vector, respectively. Two GST-fusion proteins were obtained by prokaryotic expression. The fusion protein GST-ApoAI was recovered through electroelution, and Balb/c mice were immunized to prepare antiserums for authentication the results of 2-DE and mass spectrometry at protein level by Western blot. The results showed that the mRNA levels of ApoAI and Op18 were consistent with the results of the 2-DE and mass spectrometry analyzed at different stages. The multi-antiserums were able to effectively identify ApoAI protein in bursal tissue samples of experimental and control groups at different stages by Western blot, and the results were consistent with that of 2-DE.
引文
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