变电站监控系统中通信网络的设计与实现
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摘要
变电站自动化系统,一直是电力系统应用最重要的部分。在变电站自动化系统中,信息交互始终占有重要的地位,原来的系统应用,都是以各种现场总线连接为主。通讯方式,基本上是以串口通讯RS232、RS485为主。随着以太网技术的快速发展,以太网以其先进的网络竞争机制,成熟的应用环境,低廉的价格,开放的协议,在局域网应用领域成为占主导作用的网络。
基于以太网的变电站监控系统是按照IEC61850提出的分层概念设计实现的。基于IEC61850,无论从逻辑上还是从物理概念上,都将变电站的通信体系为分三层(变电站层、间隔层和过程层)。变电站内部间隔层和变电层之间采用全数字通信,即采用具有开放式、全分布、可互操作性的工业控制以太网络通信。
随着计算机软、硬件技术的发展,嵌入式以太网的出现为变电站监控系统提供了站内通信网络的新途径,利用嵌入式软、硬件,设计者可以在装置上实现以太网接入,使装置作为网络节点连入系统,真正实现全以太网结构。
适应这一新的需求,本课题设计开发了基于以太网的变电站监控系统,数据通信基于TCP/IP模式,由于采用这种技术进行组网设计,要求变电站装置必须具有网络接口,因此设计开发具有嵌入式以太网接口的远动装置成为整个系统设计方案得以实现的基础和保证。本课题选用W3100A硬件TCP/IP协议栈芯片、采用基于TCP/IP的SOCKET编程方法进行了网络接口的设计,为方便调试,工程师维护软件中增加了参数设置模块并开发了上位机以太网数据通信测试程序,整个设计方案经过运行、测试分析,证明实时、可靠。
文中首先介绍了变电站监控系统的组成、主要功能和发展现状,然后介绍了变电站监控系统的数据通信,强调了通信在系统中的重要作用,在此基础上给出了基于以太网的通信网络设计方案并详细论述了嵌入式以太网接口的设计与实现,包括硬件设计和软件设计,最后介绍了网络通信中参数设置和通信测试的实现方法。
本课题设计的方案已在福建某变电站监控系统中实现,系统经过测试运行证明性能良好、可靠。系统的数据通信也已通过相关部门的规约分析测试。
The substation automation system is always the most important part of the electric system application. As the development of the technology, all sorts of new techniques are applied to the substation automation system constantly. Interactive Information plays an important role in the substation automation system. The original practice of the system is mainly relied on the connection among various field buses. The communication approach is mainly constituted of serial communication, like RS232 and RS485. However, as the Ethernet technology began to develop rapidly, Ethernet with its advanced network competition mechanism, mature application environment, low price and open agreement, has become the dominant role of the network in LAN application.
The achievement of the substation supervision system is in accordance with the layered conceptual design supplied by IEC61850 which divides the substation communication system into three tiers (substation layer, spacing layer and process layer) in terms of logic or physical concept. Full digital communications which adopt an open, full distribution and interoperable industry control Ethernet communications are applied between the internal spacing layers of substation and substation layer.
With the development of the computer hardware and software, the embedded Ethernet provides the substation supervision system with a new approach. Through the embedded software and hardware, people can connect the Ethernet in the device end which can be regarded as net node, and therefore consists of the whole structure of the Ethernet.
To adapt to the new demand, this topic designs the substation supervision system which is based on the Ethernet and the data traffic is based on the TCP/IP. Since adopting this kind of technology for the network construction design which requests the substation equipment must have the embedded Ethernet interface, therefore the design of the device which has Ethernet interface becomes the foundation and guarantee of the whole system design. This topic selects W3100A the hardware TCP/IP agreement stack chips and carries through the design of the network interface by the programmed methods of SOCKET which based on TCP/IP. In order to facilitate the debugging, engineer maintaining software increases the parameter establishment module and develops the position machine Ethernet data communications test order. The entire design proposal proved to be reliable which passed through the test analysis.
This paper first introduces the structure of the substation supervision system, its main function and development situation. Then it introduces the data traffic of the substation supervision system, emphasizing the important role of the communication in the system. On the basis of this, it pointes out the correspondence network design proposal which based on the embedded Ethernet and then analyzes the design and realization of the network interface in detail including the hardware design and the software design. Finally this paper introduces the realization method of the parameter establishment and the correspondence test in the data traffic.
The research contents of this paper have already carried out in the substation supervision system of Fijian which is proved good and reliable by operation testing. The data communications of the system also passed the Statute analysis test made by relevant governments.
基于以太网的变电站监控系统是按照IEC61850提出的分层概念设计实现的。基于IEC61850,无论从逻辑上还是从物理概念上,都将变电站的通信体系为分三层(变电站层、间隔层和过程层)。变电站内部间隔层和变电层之间采用全数字通信,即采用具有开放式、全分布、可互操作性的工业控制以太网络通信。
随着计算机软、硬件技术的发展,嵌入式以太网的出现为变电站监控系统提供了站内通信网络的新途径,利用嵌入式软、硬件,设计者可以在装置上实现以太网接入,使装置作为网络节点连入系统,真正实现全以太网结构。
适应这一新的需求,本课题设计开发了基于以太网的变电站监控系统,数据通信基于TCP/IP模式,由于采用这种技术进行组网设计,要求变电站装置必须具有网络接口,因此设计开发具有嵌入式以太网接口的远动装置成为整个系统设计方案得以实现的基础和保证。本课题选用W3100A硬件TCP/IP协议栈芯片、采用基于TCP/IP的SOCKET编程方法进行了网络接口的设计,为方便调试,工程师维护软件中增加了参数设置模块并开发了上位机以太网数据通信测试程序,整个设计方案经过运行、测试分析,证明实时、可靠。
文中首先介绍了变电站监控系统的组成、主要功能和发展现状,然后介绍了变电站监控系统的数据通信,强调了通信在系统中的重要作用,在此基础上给出了基于以太网的通信网络设计方案并详细论述了嵌入式以太网接口的设计与实现,包括硬件设计和软件设计,最后介绍了网络通信中参数设置和通信测试的实现方法。
本课题设计的方案已在福建某变电站监控系统中实现,系统经过测试运行证明性能良好、可靠。系统的数据通信也已通过相关部门的规约分析测试。
The substation automation system is always the most important part of the electric system application. As the development of the technology, all sorts of new techniques are applied to the substation automation system constantly. Interactive Information plays an important role in the substation automation system. The original practice of the system is mainly relied on the connection among various field buses. The communication approach is mainly constituted of serial communication, like RS232 and RS485. However, as the Ethernet technology began to develop rapidly, Ethernet with its advanced network competition mechanism, mature application environment, low price and open agreement, has become the dominant role of the network in LAN application.
The achievement of the substation supervision system is in accordance with the layered conceptual design supplied by IEC61850 which divides the substation communication system into three tiers (substation layer, spacing layer and process layer) in terms of logic or physical concept. Full digital communications which adopt an open, full distribution and interoperable industry control Ethernet communications are applied between the internal spacing layers of substation and substation layer.
With the development of the computer hardware and software, the embedded Ethernet provides the substation supervision system with a new approach. Through the embedded software and hardware, people can connect the Ethernet in the device end which can be regarded as net node, and therefore consists of the whole structure of the Ethernet.
To adapt to the new demand, this topic designs the substation supervision system which is based on the Ethernet and the data traffic is based on the TCP/IP. Since adopting this kind of technology for the network construction design which requests the substation equipment must have the embedded Ethernet interface, therefore the design of the device which has Ethernet interface becomes the foundation and guarantee of the whole system design. This topic selects W3100A the hardware TCP/IP agreement stack chips and carries through the design of the network interface by the programmed methods of SOCKET which based on TCP/IP. In order to facilitate the debugging, engineer maintaining software increases the parameter establishment module and develops the position machine Ethernet data communications test order. The entire design proposal proved to be reliable which passed through the test analysis.
This paper first introduces the structure of the substation supervision system, its main function and development situation. Then it introduces the data traffic of the substation supervision system, emphasizing the important role of the communication in the system. On the basis of this, it pointes out the correspondence network design proposal which based on the embedded Ethernet and then analyzes the design and realization of the network interface in detail including the hardware design and the software design. Finally this paper introduces the realization method of the parameter establishment and the correspondence test in the data traffic.
The research contents of this paper have already carried out in the substation supervision system of Fijian which is proved good and reliable by operation testing. The data communications of the system also passed the Statute analysis test made by relevant governments.
引文
[1].卜海滨,李宜.嵌入式以太网模块在变电站自动化系统中的应用.台湾四零四科技股份有限公司上海办事处
[2].江智伟.变电站自动化及其新技术[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2006
[3].毕胜春.电力系统远动及调度自动化[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2000
[4].IEC.IEC 61850;Communication networks and systems in substations[S].Geneva;IEC,2003
[5].丁书文等.变电站综合自动化原理及应用[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2003
[6].陈在平,岳有军.工业控制网络与现场总线技术[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2006
[7].Andrew S.Tanenbaum.潘爱民译.计算机网络COMPUTER NETWORKS(Fourth Edition)[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2004
[8].梁丰.数据通信与计算机网络[M].杭州.浙江大学出版社.2007
[9].孙军平,盛万兴.远动信息网络传输方法[J].电网技术.2002,(11)
[10].赵金荣,王海峰.基于嵌入式以太网的变电站自动化系统的实现[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(11);79-82
[11].方炯.IEC60870-5-101通信协议的实现与应用[J].计算机应用与软件,2005,22(9);65-66
[12].孙军平,盛万兴,王孙安.新一代变电站自动化网络通信系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(3)
[13].黄岚,候瑞锋.基于TCP/IP硬件协议栈的智能仪器网络接口设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2006,(23)
[14].WIZnet Inc.W3100a Datasheet v1.32[EB/OL].http;//www.WIZnet.co.kr
[15]李正军.计算机测控系统设计与应用[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2004
[16].唐岳,廖力清,汪治国.IEC60870-5-104远动规约在电网调度中的应用[J].电力系统通信,2005,26(150);50-53
[17].IEC TC57 WG03.IEC60870-5-104;Network Access for IEC 60870-5-101 Using Standard Transport Profiles[R].1998.
[18].赵渊,沈智健.基于TCP/IP的IEC 60870-5-104远动规约在电力系统中的应用.电网技术[J].2003,VOL.27,(10)
[19].Socket API.http;//www.wiznet.co.kr.
[20].周明天,汪文勇.TCP/IP网络原理与技术[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2005
[21].Kirl Zurell.艾克武等译.嵌入式系统的C程序设计[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2001.
[22].William Stallings.Data and Computer Commtmications Seventh Edition[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2004.
[23].李凌.Winsock2网络编程使用教程[M].北京.清华大学出版社,2003
[24].Anthony Jones,Jim Ohiund著.Window网络编程技术[M].北京.机械工业出版社,2000
[2].江智伟.变电站自动化及其新技术[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2006
[3].毕胜春.电力系统远动及调度自动化[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2000
[4].IEC.IEC 61850;Communication networks and systems in substations[S].Geneva;IEC,2003
[5].丁书文等.变电站综合自动化原理及应用[M].北京.中国电力出版社.2003
[6].陈在平,岳有军.工业控制网络与现场总线技术[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2006
[7].Andrew S.Tanenbaum.潘爱民译.计算机网络COMPUTER NETWORKS(Fourth Edition)[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2004
[8].梁丰.数据通信与计算机网络[M].杭州.浙江大学出版社.2007
[9].孙军平,盛万兴.远动信息网络传输方法[J].电网技术.2002,(11)
[10].赵金荣,王海峰.基于嵌入式以太网的变电站自动化系统的实现[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(11);79-82
[11].方炯.IEC60870-5-101通信协议的实现与应用[J].计算机应用与软件,2005,22(9);65-66
[12].孙军平,盛万兴,王孙安.新一代变电站自动化网络通信系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(3)
[13].黄岚,候瑞锋.基于TCP/IP硬件协议栈的智能仪器网络接口设计[J].计算机工程与设计,2006,(23)
[14].WIZnet Inc.W3100a Datasheet v1.32[EB/OL].http;//www.WIZnet.co.kr
[15]李正军.计算机测控系统设计与应用[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2004
[16].唐岳,廖力清,汪治国.IEC60870-5-104远动规约在电网调度中的应用[J].电力系统通信,2005,26(150);50-53
[17].IEC TC57 WG03.IEC60870-5-104;Network Access for IEC 60870-5-101 Using Standard Transport Profiles[R].1998.
[18].赵渊,沈智健.基于TCP/IP的IEC 60870-5-104远动规约在电力系统中的应用.电网技术[J].2003,VOL.27,(10)
[19].Socket API.http;//www.wiznet.co.kr.
[20].周明天,汪文勇.TCP/IP网络原理与技术[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2005
[21].Kirl Zurell.艾克武等译.嵌入式系统的C程序设计[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2001.
[22].William Stallings.Data and Computer Commtmications Seventh Edition[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2004.
[23].李凌.Winsock2网络编程使用教程[M].北京.清华大学出版社,2003
[24].Anthony Jones,Jim Ohiund著.Window网络编程技术[M].北京.机械工业出版社,2000