嵌入式界面设计的研究与应用
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摘要
人机交互界面的大量应用与普及使得界面设计技术迅速发展,并且越来越人性化。嵌入式人机界面设计作为界面设计的分支,既要满足一般界面设计要求,又要满足嵌入式环境对界面的特殊需求。
随着微电子技术的发展和超大规模集成电路技术的成熟,嵌入式系统也在迅速发展,功能越来越强大。嵌入式系统凭借其体积小、功耗低、性价比高、便于携带等独特的优势在通讯、管理、医学、地震、气象、航空航天以及教育等领域发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。
嵌入式图像处理系统是在嵌入式设备上实现的图像处理平台。其界面设计需要友好简洁,同时要考虑到图像处理程序功能的复杂性,比如要实现图像读取、移动、缩放和画图等功能。因此在操作系统上必须扩展文件系统模块,使之支持图像信息的存储,方便应用与开发。另外还要考虑硬件对交互界面的支持问题。随着嵌入式处理器性能的提升及专用图形加速芯片的出现,在嵌入式平台上实现快速且高质量的图像处理成为可能。根据界面设计的需要,合理选用处理器和相关芯片,可以让图像处理功能的实现变得越来越简单、程序运行速度越来越快。
本文针对嵌入式图像处理系统界面设计做了如下工作:1)比较了Linux操作系统下MiniGUI、Qt/Embedded两种界面设计的差异,并与Windows CE操作系统下的界面设计做了比较。着重介绍了Windows CE、MiniGUI、Qt/Embedded系统下界面设计的配置、安装以及设计,完成界面设计要素的编程;2)将图像处理程序植入到界面设计的功能项中,使其具有可应用和可操作性;3)将图像处理程序移植到这三种不同操作系统环境下的硬件平台上,并比较了这几种系统所需要的硬件配置以及在移植时的难易程度的同时尽量优化和移植。4)比较不同界面设计方案对于图像处理程序运行速度和感官上的影响,并在原始系统上针对界面设计进行优化,提高图形处理速度。
When the human-computer interface design appears massively, the technique of its interface design is also unceasing enhancement and popularization, and also more and more user-friendly. The embedded human-machine interface design was a branch of interface design. It not only may satisfy the interface design request, but also the special request of embedded environment.
With the development of microelectronics technology and ultra large scale integrated circuit technologies mature, embedded system is growing rapidly and becoming more powerful. With its small size, low power consumption, cost-effective, easy to carry, and other unique advantages ,the embedded system is playing an increasingly important role in communication, management, medicine, seismology, meteorology, aerospace and education sectors.
Embedded image processing system is implemented on the embedded device platform for image processing. It needs friendly and simple interface design, and should take into account the complexity of image processing, such as reading, moving, zoom and drawing functions. Therefore, the file system module should be extended on operating system .We should also consider supporting issue on the hardware interface. With the embedded processor performance increasing and the emergence of dedicated graphics acceleration chip, the embedded platform is possible for fast and high quality image processing. According to the needs of interface design, the realization of the image processing is becoming increasingly easier and runing faster.
In this thesis, , we have done the following work 1) Comparing the differences between the two interface design of MiniGUI and Qt / Embedded in the Linux operating system. The main content is to introduce the installment and the design of interface design under Windows CE, MiniGUI, Qt/Embedded and complete the programming of interface design. 2) The application procedure of picture showing and loading is joined to the interface design to make it applicable and feasible; 3) The image processing program in three different environments is ported to the hardware platform, as this several interface designs need different hardware configurations, there is a need to optimize and transplant in comparing these types of system hardware configuration.4) Comparing different interface design for image processing speed and sensory effects ,as the original system is optimized for interface design to improve the graphics processing speed.
随着微电子技术的发展和超大规模集成电路技术的成熟,嵌入式系统也在迅速发展,功能越来越强大。嵌入式系统凭借其体积小、功耗低、性价比高、便于携带等独特的优势在通讯、管理、医学、地震、气象、航空航天以及教育等领域发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。
嵌入式图像处理系统是在嵌入式设备上实现的图像处理平台。其界面设计需要友好简洁,同时要考虑到图像处理程序功能的复杂性,比如要实现图像读取、移动、缩放和画图等功能。因此在操作系统上必须扩展文件系统模块,使之支持图像信息的存储,方便应用与开发。另外还要考虑硬件对交互界面的支持问题。随着嵌入式处理器性能的提升及专用图形加速芯片的出现,在嵌入式平台上实现快速且高质量的图像处理成为可能。根据界面设计的需要,合理选用处理器和相关芯片,可以让图像处理功能的实现变得越来越简单、程序运行速度越来越快。
本文针对嵌入式图像处理系统界面设计做了如下工作:1)比较了Linux操作系统下MiniGUI、Qt/Embedded两种界面设计的差异,并与Windows CE操作系统下的界面设计做了比较。着重介绍了Windows CE、MiniGUI、Qt/Embedded系统下界面设计的配置、安装以及设计,完成界面设计要素的编程;2)将图像处理程序植入到界面设计的功能项中,使其具有可应用和可操作性;3)将图像处理程序移植到这三种不同操作系统环境下的硬件平台上,并比较了这几种系统所需要的硬件配置以及在移植时的难易程度的同时尽量优化和移植。4)比较不同界面设计方案对于图像处理程序运行速度和感官上的影响,并在原始系统上针对界面设计进行优化,提高图形处理速度。
When the human-computer interface design appears massively, the technique of its interface design is also unceasing enhancement and popularization, and also more and more user-friendly. The embedded human-machine interface design was a branch of interface design. It not only may satisfy the interface design request, but also the special request of embedded environment.
With the development of microelectronics technology and ultra large scale integrated circuit technologies mature, embedded system is growing rapidly and becoming more powerful. With its small size, low power consumption, cost-effective, easy to carry, and other unique advantages ,the embedded system is playing an increasingly important role in communication, management, medicine, seismology, meteorology, aerospace and education sectors.
Embedded image processing system is implemented on the embedded device platform for image processing. It needs friendly and simple interface design, and should take into account the complexity of image processing, such as reading, moving, zoom and drawing functions. Therefore, the file system module should be extended on operating system .We should also consider supporting issue on the hardware interface. With the embedded processor performance increasing and the emergence of dedicated graphics acceleration chip, the embedded platform is possible for fast and high quality image processing. According to the needs of interface design, the realization of the image processing is becoming increasingly easier and runing faster.
In this thesis, , we have done the following work 1) Comparing the differences between the two interface design of MiniGUI and Qt / Embedded in the Linux operating system. The main content is to introduce the installment and the design of interface design under Windows CE, MiniGUI, Qt/Embedded and complete the programming of interface design. 2) The application procedure of picture showing and loading is joined to the interface design to make it applicable and feasible; 3) The image processing program in three different environments is ported to the hardware platform, as this several interface designs need different hardware configurations, there is a need to optimize and transplant in comparing these types of system hardware configuration.4) Comparing different interface design for image processing speed and sensory effects ,as the original system is optimized for interface design to improve the graphics processing speed.
引文
[1] F. Belli. Finite-state testing and analysis of GUIs. In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 2001, 34-43.
[2] Farsight.LINUX在嵌入式领域的发展现状.北京华清远见.2008.
[3]吴松林.嵌入式开发导读[EB/OL].http://www.mobilemap.com.cn/embeddev/info.asp,2005.
[4]黄晓峰.嵌入式Linux及其调度策略研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安电子科技大学,2004.
[5]蒋崇武.杨顺昆面向嵌入式软件测试的仿真建模[J].计算机工程,2008,Vol.26(4)569-574.
[6] OpenGUI[EB/OL]:Http://www.tutok.sk/fashgl/.
[7]王青苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[8]罗仕鉴,朱上上,孙守迁.人机界面设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[9]李乐山.人机界面设计[M].科学出版社,2007.
[10]潘云鹤,董金祥,陈德人.计算机图形学——原理、方法及应用[M].高等教育出版社.
[11] ZHANG Jin, JIANG Wei. Analyse of u-boot's booting sequence and porting.International Electronic Elements[J].2005, Vol.(5): 11-12.
[12]何立民.嵌入式系统的定义与发展历史[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,Vol.18(1):6-8.
[13] S.Kumar,A Unified Representation for Hardware/Software Codesign[J],Ph.D.Dissertation. University of Virginia,UMI Number 9600485,Ann Arbor,2005.
[14] QT/Embedded[EB/OL]:Http://www.trolltech.com/products/qt/embedded/.
[15]叶国俊.嵌入式Linux实时容错调度算法的设计与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2005.
[16]欧立清,照福,光远.嵌入式系统的架构与发展[J].验室研究与探索,2007,Vol.4(26):57-61.
[17]李驹光等.ARM应用系统开发详解[M].清华大学出版社,2003.
[18]程国达.嵌入式系统的硬/软件协同设计研究[D]:[博士学位论文].上海:复旦大学,2003.
[19]刘奕.图像采集系统中嵌入式平台的软硬件实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉科技大学,2005.
[20] Microwindows[EB/OL]:http://www.microwindows.censoft.com/.
[21] S.Schulz,Model-Based Codesign for Real-Time Embedded Systems,Ph.D.Dissertation,The University of Arizona,Ann Arbor,2005.
[22]吴占雄.基于Windows ce.net的ARM9综合开发平台的研究与设计[D]:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006.
[23] Blanchette J. C++GUI Programming with Qt4 .Trolltech AS, 2004.
[24]何福贵,王家礼,左永锋.Linux及QT/Embedded在信号发生器上的实现[J].电子测量与仪器学报, 2006,Vol26(5)700-705.
[25]张保立,王俊,张发明,秦琳琳.基于QT/Embedded和Qtopia的嵌入式温室无线测控系统GUI设计[J].电子技术, 2008,Vol.30(6)24-30.
[26] X. Yuan and A. M. Memon. Using GUI run-time stateas feedback to generate test cases. In ICSE’07, Proc.of the 29th Int’l Conf on Software Engineering,Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2007, May 23–25.
[27]魏永明.MiniGUI与嵌入式MiniGUI[J].开放系统世界.2008.
[28]俞兰.基于Linux的嵌入式GUI的研究与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].西安:西南交通大学, 2006.
[29]邹韵,田学隆.如何用MiniGUI设计小键盘输入[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007.
[30] Alcssandro Rubini著,LisoLcg译.《Linux设备驱动程序设计》[M],第二版.中国电力出版社,2004.
[31]高奇.面向移动设备的图形绘制技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学, 2007.
[32]张静,黄建华,岳春生.嵌入式实时操作系统中文件系统的实现[J].信息工程大学学报,2006,Vol.1(9):15-18.
[33] Aniel P.Bovet,Marco Cesati.Understanding the Linux Kernel.O’Reilly&Associates,2004.
[34]黄布毅等.μClinux下JFFS2文件系统的实现.单片机与嵌入式系统应用[J],2004.
[35] MiniGUI[EB/OL]:http://www.minigui.com/.
[36]李善平,刘文峰,王焕龙.Linux与嵌入式系统[M].清华大学出版社,2003.
[37]孙纪坤.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[38]锐极电子科技有限公司.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统开发详解[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[39]李凡.Qt/Embedded在嵌入式Linux系统下的移植与应用[J].黑龙江科技信息, 2008,Vol. 27(3):478-482.
[40]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.2005.
[41]张顺.基于运动的感知用户界面模型及其应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学, 2009.
[42]林宏,吴景东.基于TCP/IP的嵌入式通信模块设计[J].福建电脑,2006,Vol.27(3)45-48.
[43] Avi Kavas, Dror G. Feitelson.Comparing Windows NT,Linux,And QNX as The Basis for cluster systems.Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience[J], 2005, Vol. 13(15): 1303-1332.
[44]彭泉,崔德光,李晓强.基于人类认知规律的应用系统人机界面设计[J].计算机工程与应用.
[45]苏东.主流ARM嵌入式系统设计技术与实例精解[M].电子工业出版社,2007.
[46]刘昌盛,郭勇,谢习华.嵌入式Linux环境下MiniGUI的研究与移植[J].微计算机信息, 2008, Vol.20(8):123-126.
[47]夏敏燕,王琦.以用户为中心的人机界面设计方法探讨[J].上海电机学院学报, 2008, Vol.(3):789-782.
[48]刘汇丹,芮建武,姚延栋,吴健.基于Qt的国际化图形用户界面设计与实现[J].中文信息学报, 2006,Vol.4(5)256-260.
[49]李云松,刘国繁,曹少坤.基于嵌入式ARM-Linux系统的MiniGUI应用设计[J].湖南工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2008,Vol.28(1)1233-1237 .
[50] The application of Microsofthttp[EB/OL]:://www.microsoft.com/.
[51]梁华坤,张丽霞,何志杰,李海鸣,宋鸿陟.可用性测试平台[J].计算机工程与设计, 2010,Vol.16(3)365-370.
[2] Farsight.LINUX在嵌入式领域的发展现状.北京华清远见.2008.
[3]吴松林.嵌入式开发导读[EB/OL].http://www.mobilemap.com.cn/embeddev/info.asp,2005.
[4]黄晓峰.嵌入式Linux及其调度策略研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安电子科技大学,2004.
[5]蒋崇武.杨顺昆面向嵌入式软件测试的仿真建模[J].计算机工程,2008,Vol.26(4)569-574.
[6] OpenGUI[EB/OL]:Http://www.tutok.sk/fashgl/.
[7]王青苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[8]罗仕鉴,朱上上,孙守迁.人机界面设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[9]李乐山.人机界面设计[M].科学出版社,2007.
[10]潘云鹤,董金祥,陈德人.计算机图形学——原理、方法及应用[M].高等教育出版社.
[11] ZHANG Jin, JIANG Wei. Analyse of u-boot's booting sequence and porting.International Electronic Elements[J].2005, Vol.(5): 11-12.
[12]何立民.嵌入式系统的定义与发展历史[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,Vol.18(1):6-8.
[13] S.Kumar,A Unified Representation for Hardware/Software Codesign[J],Ph.D.Dissertation. University of Virginia,UMI Number 9600485,Ann Arbor,2005.
[14] QT/Embedded[EB/OL]:Http://www.trolltech.com/products/qt/embedded/.
[15]叶国俊.嵌入式Linux实时容错调度算法的设计与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2005.
[16]欧立清,照福,光远.嵌入式系统的架构与发展[J].验室研究与探索,2007,Vol.4(26):57-61.
[17]李驹光等.ARM应用系统开发详解[M].清华大学出版社,2003.
[18]程国达.嵌入式系统的硬/软件协同设计研究[D]:[博士学位论文].上海:复旦大学,2003.
[19]刘奕.图像采集系统中嵌入式平台的软硬件实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉科技大学,2005.
[20] Microwindows[EB/OL]:http://www.microwindows.censoft.com/.
[21] S.Schulz,Model-Based Codesign for Real-Time Embedded Systems,Ph.D.Dissertation,The University of Arizona,Ann Arbor,2005.
[22]吴占雄.基于Windows ce.net的ARM9综合开发平台的研究与设计[D]:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006.
[23] Blanchette J. C++GUI Programming with Qt4 .Trolltech AS, 2004.
[24]何福贵,王家礼,左永锋.Linux及QT/Embedded在信号发生器上的实现[J].电子测量与仪器学报, 2006,Vol26(5)700-705.
[25]张保立,王俊,张发明,秦琳琳.基于QT/Embedded和Qtopia的嵌入式温室无线测控系统GUI设计[J].电子技术, 2008,Vol.30(6)24-30.
[26] X. Yuan and A. M. Memon. Using GUI run-time stateas feedback to generate test cases. In ICSE’07, Proc.of the 29th Int’l Conf on Software Engineering,Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2007, May 23–25.
[27]魏永明.MiniGUI与嵌入式MiniGUI[J].开放系统世界.2008.
[28]俞兰.基于Linux的嵌入式GUI的研究与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].西安:西南交通大学, 2006.
[29]邹韵,田学隆.如何用MiniGUI设计小键盘输入[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007.
[30] Alcssandro Rubini著,LisoLcg译.《Linux设备驱动程序设计》[M],第二版.中国电力出版社,2004.
[31]高奇.面向移动设备的图形绘制技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学, 2007.
[32]张静,黄建华,岳春生.嵌入式实时操作系统中文件系统的实现[J].信息工程大学学报,2006,Vol.1(9):15-18.
[33] Aniel P.Bovet,Marco Cesati.Understanding the Linux Kernel.O’Reilly&Associates,2004.
[34]黄布毅等.μClinux下JFFS2文件系统的实现.单片机与嵌入式系统应用[J],2004.
[35] MiniGUI[EB/OL]:http://www.minigui.com/.
[36]李善平,刘文峰,王焕龙.Linux与嵌入式系统[M].清华大学出版社,2003.
[37]孙纪坤.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[38]锐极电子科技有限公司.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统开发详解[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[39]李凡.Qt/Embedded在嵌入式Linux系统下的移植与应用[J].黑龙江科技信息, 2008,Vol. 27(3):478-482.
[40]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.2005.
[41]张顺.基于运动的感知用户界面模型及其应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学, 2009.
[42]林宏,吴景东.基于TCP/IP的嵌入式通信模块设计[J].福建电脑,2006,Vol.27(3)45-48.
[43] Avi Kavas, Dror G. Feitelson.Comparing Windows NT,Linux,And QNX as The Basis for cluster systems.Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience[J], 2005, Vol. 13(15): 1303-1332.
[44]彭泉,崔德光,李晓强.基于人类认知规律的应用系统人机界面设计[J].计算机工程与应用.
[45]苏东.主流ARM嵌入式系统设计技术与实例精解[M].电子工业出版社,2007.
[46]刘昌盛,郭勇,谢习华.嵌入式Linux环境下MiniGUI的研究与移植[J].微计算机信息, 2008, Vol.20(8):123-126.
[47]夏敏燕,王琦.以用户为中心的人机界面设计方法探讨[J].上海电机学院学报, 2008, Vol.(3):789-782.
[48]刘汇丹,芮建武,姚延栋,吴健.基于Qt的国际化图形用户界面设计与实现[J].中文信息学报, 2006,Vol.4(5)256-260.
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[50] The application of Microsofthttp[EB/OL]:://www.microsoft.com/.
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