非量测相机近景摄影测量工程应用的可行性研究
|
摘要
基于非量测相机的近景摄影测量系统是将非量测数码相机通过特制连接件安装在全站仪上，所构成的一个刚体系统。在本文中详细介绍了该系统的硬件组成及相互关系,由于量测相机价格昂贵，所以非量测相机在近景摄影测量中被广泛的应用，因而对于近景摄影测量中非量测相机的检校一直是一项很重要的工作，检校工作的正确性与准确性对于利用非量测相机进行摄影测量工作具有极其重要的意义，在本文中，将通过一系列的实验对于检校过程进行说明。
本系统由全站仪、数码相机组成，成本较低，通过连接件将两者联系起来，在工作过程中利用全站仪做控制测量，利用非量测数码相机拍摄测区照片，然后利用像片和控制成果在数字摄影测量系统中进行相关的测绘工作。将全站仪与相机相连接，可以利用全站仪的读数控制摄影方向，对于保证相邻像片间的重叠度有重要作用；另一方面，在前期试验过程中，如果检校出相机中心与全站仪中心的精确位置关系，在不拆卸系统的情况下，可以保证两者的位置关系的稳定性，在野外工作过程中，只需要求得摄站点坐标、摄站仪器高以及观测的水平角度，然后再通过两者的位置关系数值就可以推算出摄影瞬间照片的外方位元素。本文将对此系统的精度进行评价、分析，并就所得出的精度与相关的测绘标准以及一些应用实例的精度要求进行对比，从而得出本系统在工程应用中的工作范围及可行性方案。
The non-metric camera based close Range Photogrammetry is a rigid system whichInsta lled the non-metric digital camera on total station by a specia l connector . This paperdescribes the hardware and the ralationships of the system. The non-metric camera has beenwidely used in close-ra nge photogrammetry because of the high price of metric cameras. Thusthe calibration of non-metric camera has always been a very important task. The correctnessand accuracy of calibration is extremely important to photogrammetry work which used thenon-metric camera. This article will expla in the process of calibration through a series ofexperiments.
The system consists of total station and digital cameras , thus it is lower cost. The twoparts contact by connector. In the work, the total station is used as a control measure and thenon-metric digital camera is used to shoot the survey area. And then the photograph andcontrol results are used to do the surveying and mapping work in Digital PhotogrammetrySystem. In the pre-calibration process, if the accurate position relationship between cameracenter and total station center can be calibrated, the stability of relations between the twolocations can be guara nteed in the case of ma inta ining the system. In the course of field work,the exterior orientation elements of the insta nt photo can be calculated by the positionrelationship between the photo sites coordinate and the level angle of the observation. Thepaper evaluated the accuracy of this system, and compared it with the accuracy of mappingstandards and some applica tion examples , thus obtained the applica tion area and the feasibilitypla n of the system in engineering applica tions .
本系统由全站仪、数码相机组成，成本较低，通过连接件将两者联系起来，在工作过程中利用全站仪做控制测量，利用非量测数码相机拍摄测区照片，然后利用像片和控制成果在数字摄影测量系统中进行相关的测绘工作。将全站仪与相机相连接，可以利用全站仪的读数控制摄影方向，对于保证相邻像片间的重叠度有重要作用；另一方面，在前期试验过程中，如果检校出相机中心与全站仪中心的精确位置关系，在不拆卸系统的情况下，可以保证两者的位置关系的稳定性，在野外工作过程中，只需要求得摄站点坐标、摄站仪器高以及观测的水平角度，然后再通过两者的位置关系数值就可以推算出摄影瞬间照片的外方位元素。本文将对此系统的精度进行评价、分析，并就所得出的精度与相关的测绘标准以及一些应用实例的精度要求进行对比，从而得出本系统在工程应用中的工作范围及可行性方案。
The non-metric camera based close Range Photogrammetry is a rigid system whichInsta lled the non-metric digital camera on total station by a specia l connector . This paperdescribes the hardware and the ralationships of the system. The non-metric camera has beenwidely used in close-ra nge photogrammetry because of the high price of metric cameras. Thusthe calibration of non-metric camera has always been a very important task. The correctnessand accuracy of calibration is extremely important to photogrammetry work which used thenon-metric camera. This article will expla in the process of calibration through a series ofexperiments.
The system consists of total station and digital cameras , thus it is lower cost. The twoparts contact by connector. In the work, the total station is used as a control measure and thenon-metric digital camera is used to shoot the survey area. And then the photograph andcontrol results are used to do the surveying and mapping work in Digital PhotogrammetrySystem. In the pre-calibration process, if the accurate position relationship between cameracenter and total station center can be calibrated, the stability of relations between the twolocations can be guara nteed in the case of ma inta ining the system. In the course of field work,the exterior orientation elements of the insta nt photo can be calculated by the positionrelationship between the photo sites coordinate and the level angle of the observation. Thepaper evaluated the accuracy of this system, and compared it with the accuracy of mappingstandards and some applica tion examples , thus obtained the applica tion area and the feasibilitypla n of the system in engineering applica tions .
引文
[1]朱肇光，孙护等编.摄影测量学.测绘出版社.1995
[2]冯文灏，近景摄影测量.武汉大学出版社.2001
[3]张祖勋等，数字摄影测量学.武汉大学出版社.2002
[4]张凤举，张华海等编著.控制测量学.煤炭工业出版社.1999
[5]李德仁，郑肇保.解析摄影测量学[M].北京:测绘出版社.1992
[6]李德仁，金为铣，朱宜萤编.基础摄影测量学[M].北京:测绘出版社.1994
[7]张祖勋.数字摄影测量的发展与展望[J]地理信息世界.2004 C3): 15
[8]陈述彭，鲁学军，周成虎.地理信息系统导论[M].北京:科学出版社.2002
[9]冯文灏.非地形摄影测量[M].北京:测绘出版社.1985
[10]任伟中，寇新建，凌浩美编.数字化近景摄影测量在模型试验变形中的应用[J].岩土力学与工程学报.2004
[11]管业鹏等人.基于数码相机的三维物体空间几何位置的摄影测量[J].电子学报.2002,6
[12]陈建华等.灵山大佛数字近景摄影测量[J].工程勘测.1998,
[13]李浩，张友静，华锡生等.碉室摄影地质编录原理及其精度(EI检索).武汉大学学报.2002(6)
[14] A Fisher, T. Ko I be, F. Lang. Integration of 2D and 3Dreasoning for build ing reconstructionin workshop on sema ntic modeling for the acquisition of topographicinformation from ima ges and maps. Bonn Grema n.1997
[15]程郊军.罗武.基于非量数码相机的近景摄影测量[J].铁路航测.2002 (1) ,9
[16]盛业华等.矿山地表坍陷区的数字近景摄影测量检测技术[J].中国矿业大学学报.2003, 32(4)
[17]吴正春.地面摄影DTM在工程地质中的应用.西安地质学院学报.1994年6月.
[18]陈道清等.用普通照相机作近景摄影测量的精度探讨[J].南方冶金学院学报.1995 (1)
[19]贺跃光，王秀美等。数字化近景摄影测量系统及其应用。矿冶工程，2001
[20]寇新建，宋计棉，数字化摄影测量系统及其工程应用。大坝观测与土工测试，2001
[21]王之卓.摄影测量原理[M].北京:测绘出版社，1979
[22]于晶涛.数字相机在工业零件检测中的应用.应用技术. 2001年3月.
[23]胡安文.基于近景数字摄影测量的飞机表面模型重建。地理空间信息. 2004年12
[24]陈清平。近景摄影测量技术在铁路桥隧设计中的应用.地理空间信息. 2004年8
[25]张建霞.数字近景摄影在建筑物变形观测中的应用.焦作工学院学报. 2004年9
[26] Brown D C, Close-range camera calibration. Photogrammetric Engineering 1971(37)
[27] Brown D C, Calibration of Close-range cameras[J]，Internationnal Archieves ofPhotogrammetric Engineering. 1972,19(5).
[28]冯文灏。近景摄影测量的控制。武汉测绘科技大学学报，2000年第25卷第5期
[29]刘志铭等。非量测数码相机在砼管片变形监测中的应用。测绘通报，2001年第6期
[30] Ahdel-Aziz,Y I,H M Karara. Phtogrammetric Potentials of Non-Metric Cameras一Photogrammetry Series No. 36, 1974.
[31] L. Lucchese, "Geometric Calibration of Digital Cameras.Part _II: Internal and ExternalGeometry From Mufti-View Alignment," Proc. of the 3rd LASTED Int'1 Conf. onVisua liza tion, Ima ging, and lma ge Processing (VIIP 2003), Bena lm’adena, Spain, Sept.2003.
[32] Thomas M. Strat, Douglas Climenson. An Overview of DARPA'S Resreach Program inAutomatic Population of Grospatial Databases. Automatic Extraction of Man-MadeObjects from Aerial and Space Ima ges (2)
[33] James J. Pearson and Louis A. Oddo. A Testbed for the Evaluation of Feature ExtractionTechniques in a Time Constrained Environment. Automatic Extraction of Man-MadeObjects from Aerial and Space Ima ges (2)
[34] Ding Oiulin, Avies B J. Surface engineering geometry for computer-aided design andma nuFacture[M].Publishers Chichester,1987
[35] Sturn P, Stephen J M. On Plane-Based Camera Calibration: A General Algorithm,Singularities, Aplications. CVPR, fortcollins, 1999
[36]冯文濒.数码相机实现摄测的几个问题[J].测绘信息与工程. 2002, 27 (3) .
[37]杨彪.基干普通数字影像的近景摄影测量技术研究与应用[J].南京.河海大学，2004
[38]贾盛举等.数字近景摄影测量在工业检测中的应用.测绘通报，2002, 31 (13)
[39]宋广平，伍青云。数字摄影测量系统及其应用。中国煤田地质，2005年6月
[40] Chen F J. Application of Least-Squares Adjustment Technique to Geometric CameraCalibration and photogrammetric Flow Visua liza tion.ISA 43rd Internationa lInstrumentation Symposium，Orlando, 1997
[2]冯文灏，近景摄影测量.武汉大学出版社.2001
[3]张祖勋等，数字摄影测量学.武汉大学出版社.2002
[4]张凤举，张华海等编著.控制测量学.煤炭工业出版社.1999
[5]李德仁，郑肇保.解析摄影测量学[M].北京:测绘出版社.1992
[6]李德仁，金为铣，朱宜萤编.基础摄影测量学[M].北京:测绘出版社.1994
[7]张祖勋.数字摄影测量的发展与展望[J]地理信息世界.2004 C3): 15
[8]陈述彭，鲁学军，周成虎.地理信息系统导论[M].北京:科学出版社.2002
[9]冯文灏.非地形摄影测量[M].北京:测绘出版社.1985
[10]任伟中，寇新建，凌浩美编.数字化近景摄影测量在模型试验变形中的应用[J].岩土力学与工程学报.2004
[11]管业鹏等人.基于数码相机的三维物体空间几何位置的摄影测量[J].电子学报.2002,6
[12]陈建华等.灵山大佛数字近景摄影测量[J].工程勘测.1998,
[13]李浩，张友静，华锡生等.碉室摄影地质编录原理及其精度(EI检索).武汉大学学报.2002(6)
[14] A Fisher, T. Ko I be, F. Lang. Integration of 2D and 3Dreasoning for build ing reconstructionin workshop on sema ntic modeling for the acquisition of topographicinformation from ima ges and maps. Bonn Grema n.1997
[15]程郊军.罗武.基于非量数码相机的近景摄影测量[J].铁路航测.2002 (1) ,9
[16]盛业华等.矿山地表坍陷区的数字近景摄影测量检测技术[J].中国矿业大学学报.2003, 32(4)
[17]吴正春.地面摄影DTM在工程地质中的应用.西安地质学院学报.1994年6月.
[18]陈道清等.用普通照相机作近景摄影测量的精度探讨[J].南方冶金学院学报.1995 (1)
[19]贺跃光，王秀美等。数字化近景摄影测量系统及其应用。矿冶工程，2001
[20]寇新建，宋计棉，数字化摄影测量系统及其工程应用。大坝观测与土工测试，2001
[21]王之卓.摄影测量原理[M].北京:测绘出版社，1979
[22]于晶涛.数字相机在工业零件检测中的应用.应用技术. 2001年3月.
[23]胡安文.基于近景数字摄影测量的飞机表面模型重建。地理空间信息. 2004年12
[24]陈清平。近景摄影测量技术在铁路桥隧设计中的应用.地理空间信息. 2004年8
[25]张建霞.数字近景摄影在建筑物变形观测中的应用.焦作工学院学报. 2004年9
[26] Brown D C, Close-range camera calibration. Photogrammetric Engineering 1971(37)
[27] Brown D C, Calibration of Close-range cameras[J]，Internationnal Archieves ofPhotogrammetric Engineering. 1972,19(5).
[28]冯文灏。近景摄影测量的控制。武汉测绘科技大学学报，2000年第25卷第5期
[29]刘志铭等。非量测数码相机在砼管片变形监测中的应用。测绘通报，2001年第6期
[30] Ahdel-Aziz,Y I,H M Karara. Phtogrammetric Potentials of Non-Metric Cameras一Photogrammetry Series No. 36, 1974.
[31] L. Lucchese, "Geometric Calibration of Digital Cameras.Part _II: Internal and ExternalGeometry From Mufti-View Alignment," Proc. of the 3rd LASTED Int'1 Conf. onVisua liza tion, Ima ging, and lma ge Processing (VIIP 2003), Bena lm’adena, Spain, Sept.2003.
[32] Thomas M. Strat, Douglas Climenson. An Overview of DARPA'S Resreach Program inAutomatic Population of Grospatial Databases. Automatic Extraction of Man-MadeObjects from Aerial and Space Ima ges (2)
[33] James J. Pearson and Louis A. Oddo. A Testbed for the Evaluation of Feature ExtractionTechniques in a Time Constrained Environment. Automatic Extraction of Man-MadeObjects from Aerial and Space Ima ges (2)
[34] Ding Oiulin, Avies B J. Surface engineering geometry for computer-aided design andma nuFacture[M].Publishers Chichester,1987
[35] Sturn P, Stephen J M. On Plane-Based Camera Calibration: A General Algorithm,Singularities, Aplications. CVPR, fortcollins, 1999
[36]冯文濒.数码相机实现摄测的几个问题[J].测绘信息与工程. 2002, 27 (3) .
[37]杨彪.基干普通数字影像的近景摄影测量技术研究与应用[J].南京.河海大学，2004
[38]贾盛举等.数字近景摄影测量在工业检测中的应用.测绘通报，2002, 31 (13)
[39]宋广平，伍青云。数字摄影测量系统及其应用。中国煤田地质，2005年6月
[40] Chen F J. Application of Least-Squares Adjustment Technique to Geometric CameraCalibration and photogrammetric Flow Visua liza tion.ISA 43rd Internationa lInstrumentation Symposium，Orlando, 1997