地质聚合物的制备、改性及应用于环境治理的研究
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摘要
本文研究了利用矿物原料改性粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备、性能和结构；同时利用地质聚合物类沸石结构将之用于重金属固化和室内空气甲醛污染净化的研究。研究结果表明：适量α-Al2O3的添加有利于促进地质聚合物反应,提高抗压强度；矿渣和粉煤灰混合,通过碱激发可在室温条件下制备具有较好力学性能的胶凝材料；钙基膨润土和5A沸石的添加有利于减小材料的泛碱程度,而拜耳法赤泥的添加对抗压强度有一定的负面作用。粉煤灰基地质聚合物对重金属离子Cd2+、Zn2+和Cu2+有很好的固化效果,加入沸石有利于其固化效果的长期稳定性,地质聚合物对重金属的固化作用以物理包胶为主。地质聚合物对甲醛有一定的净化作用,低Si/Al比的样品具有更好的甲醛净化性能。增大水固比、养护温度、碱度,减小Si/Al比以及延长养护时间有利于地质聚合物向沸石的转化；含有沸石的偏高岭土基地质聚合物样品可视为地质聚合物-沸石复合材料,具有很好的甲醛净化性能,且成本低,适应性强。
The preparation, properties and microstructure of fly ash-based geopolymer modified by mineral materials and the application of geopolymers with cage-like structure in solidification of heavy metal ions and purification of formaldehyde vapor were investigated. The results showed that appropriate α-Al2O3addition favored the geopolymerisation and therefore increased the compressive strength; alkali-activating the mixture of fly ash and slag could obtain the composite cementitious material with excellent mechanical properties at ambient temperature; Ca-bentonite and5A zeolite addition could decrease the efflorescence extent while red mud addition had a negative effect on compressive strength. Fly ash-based geopolymer had a good effect for immobilizing heavy metal and zeolite addition improved the long term stability of immobilization; physical encapsulation was the main mechanism of immobilizing heavy metal with fly ash-based geopolymer. Geopolymers exhibited a certain ability for purifying formaldehyde and lower Si/Al ratio geopolymers had larger formaldehyde adsorption capacity. Increasing water/solid ratio, NaOH concentration, curing time and curing temperature promoted the conversion from geopolymer to zeolite. Zeolite-contained metakaolin-based geopolymers exhibited excellent ability of formaldehyde adsorption and it was characterized by low cost and wide adaptablity.
The preparation, properties and microstructure of fly ash-based geopolymer modified by mineral materials and the application of geopolymers with cage-like structure in solidification of heavy metal ions and purification of formaldehyde vapor were investigated. The results showed that appropriate α-Al2O3addition favored the geopolymerisation and therefore increased the compressive strength; alkali-activating the mixture of fly ash and slag could obtain the composite cementitious material with excellent mechanical properties at ambient temperature; Ca-bentonite and5A zeolite addition could decrease the efflorescence extent while red mud addition had a negative effect on compressive strength. Fly ash-based geopolymer had a good effect for immobilizing heavy metal and zeolite addition improved the long term stability of immobilization; physical encapsulation was the main mechanism of immobilizing heavy metal with fly ash-based geopolymer. Geopolymers exhibited a certain ability for purifying formaldehyde and lower Si/Al ratio geopolymers had larger formaldehyde adsorption capacity. Increasing water/solid ratio, NaOH concentration, curing time and curing temperature promoted the conversion from geopolymer to zeolite. Zeolite-contained metakaolin-based geopolymers exhibited excellent ability of formaldehyde adsorption and it was characterized by low cost and wide adaptablity.
引文
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