高价态氧化物FeO_4～（2-）、MnO_4～（2-）、XO_3～-在化学电源和废水处理中应用的研究
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摘要
高价态氧化物如高铁酸盐、锰酸盐、卤酸盐具有较高的氧化还原电位，本文研究其在污水处理和新型正极活性材料方面的应用。
以离子交换膜技术制备了高铁酸钡，用直接化学法制备了锰酸钡，并将其作为电池正极材料，应用于碱性电池中。用化学分析法、扫描电镜(SEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、红外吸收光谱、热重(TGA)、差热(DTA)等方法对所制高纯固态高铁酸盐的化学组成、晶体形貌、结构特征等化学物理性质进行了表征。将高铁酸钡、锰酸钡电池与二氧化锰电池进行放电对比实验。结果表明，作为碱性电池正极材料所制得的高铁酸钡、锰酸钡均较MnO_2有更为优越的放电性能，具有放电起始电压高，放电平台长的特点。
将卤素离子X~-(X=Br、I)嵌入阴离子交换膜后，应用于氧化降解有机染料。以分光光度法测试了嵌入阴离子交换膜中卤素离子对酸性铬蓝K的降解脱色效果。实验表明，嵌入离子交换膜中的卤素离子X~-(X=I，Br)对酸性铬蓝K有明显的降解脱色效果。酸性铬蓝K被卤酸盐氧化降解的过程属一级反应，以BrO_3~-与IO_3~-为氧化态粒子时的反应速度常数分别等于4.0×10~(-4)／S与1.39×10~(-4)／S。
High-valence oxides such as ferrate(Ⅵ) salts、 manganate(Ⅵ) salts and halogen(Ⅴ) salts have high oxidation potential. The studies explored their applications in the fields of wastewater treatment and batteries positive material.
Barium ferrate was prepared by SPE cation membrane in the anode chamber and barium manganate was prepared by the direct chemical technique. The synthesized solid barium ferrate and barium manganate were used as a cathode materials in the alkaline cell (Zn anode). XRD, SEM and IR were performed to identify the structure of the salts. The experimental results demonstrated that the ferrate salt and manganate salt battery appeared several energy and environmental advantage.
Halogen anion X~- (X=I, Br) was immersed into an anion exchange membrane. The combing Pt-SPE and the mediator X~- system was utilized to degradation and decolorization acid chrome blue K. The electro-chemical behaviors of X~ in the electrolysis cell were investigated by I-V cyclic voltammetry and the steady state polarization. The decolorization rate was determinate by a visible photometer. Results showed that both of Br~- and I~- for degradation and decolorization of dye, acid chrome blue were efficient. The degradation reactions were fit a first order reaction with k=4.0×10~(-4)/S for Br~- and 1.39×10~(-4)/S for I~-, respectively.
以离子交换膜技术制备了高铁酸钡，用直接化学法制备了锰酸钡，并将其作为电池正极材料，应用于碱性电池中。用化学分析法、扫描电镜(SEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、红外吸收光谱、热重(TGA)、差热(DTA)等方法对所制高纯固态高铁酸盐的化学组成、晶体形貌、结构特征等化学物理性质进行了表征。将高铁酸钡、锰酸钡电池与二氧化锰电池进行放电对比实验。结果表明，作为碱性电池正极材料所制得的高铁酸钡、锰酸钡均较MnO_2有更为优越的放电性能，具有放电起始电压高，放电平台长的特点。
将卤素离子X~-(X=Br、I)嵌入阴离子交换膜后，应用于氧化降解有机染料。以分光光度法测试了嵌入阴离子交换膜中卤素离子对酸性铬蓝K的降解脱色效果。实验表明，嵌入离子交换膜中的卤素离子X~-(X=I，Br)对酸性铬蓝K有明显的降解脱色效果。酸性铬蓝K被卤酸盐氧化降解的过程属一级反应，以BrO_3~-与IO_3~-为氧化态粒子时的反应速度常数分别等于4.0×10~(-4)／S与1.39×10~(-4)／S。
High-valence oxides such as ferrate(Ⅵ) salts、 manganate(Ⅵ) salts and halogen(Ⅴ) salts have high oxidation potential. The studies explored their applications in the fields of wastewater treatment and batteries positive material.
Barium ferrate was prepared by SPE cation membrane in the anode chamber and barium manganate was prepared by the direct chemical technique. The synthesized solid barium ferrate and barium manganate were used as a cathode materials in the alkaline cell (Zn anode). XRD, SEM and IR were performed to identify the structure of the salts. The experimental results demonstrated that the ferrate salt and manganate salt battery appeared several energy and environmental advantage.
Halogen anion X~- (X=I, Br) was immersed into an anion exchange membrane. The combing Pt-SPE and the mediator X~- system was utilized to degradation and decolorization acid chrome blue K. The electro-chemical behaviors of X~ in the electrolysis cell were investigated by I-V cyclic voltammetry and the steady state polarization. The decolorization rate was determinate by a visible photometer. Results showed that both of Br~- and I~- for degradation and decolorization of dye, acid chrome blue were efficient. The degradation reactions were fit a first order reaction with k=4.0×10~(-4)/S for Br~- and 1.39×10~(-4)/S for I~-, respectively.
引文
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