石墨管与玻璃钢管板的压紧密封连接实验研究
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摘要
目前,金属管壳式换热器中换热管与管板之间连接方法主要有胀接法、焊接法、胀焊结合法;管壳式石墨换热器中换热管与管板之间连接方法主要有密封胶连接法、整体成型法及高弹性橡胶连接法。对于玻璃钢组合式换热器,胀接、焊接、胀焊结合法不可应用;而密封胶连接法连接处温差应力大、维修不便;整体成型法制造麻烦,且维修困难;高弹性连接法的承压能力低。针对上述问题,本文对玻璃钢管板与石墨换热管的活性连接进行了密封实验研究。
根据制造换热器厂家的制造能力,笔者设计了两种不同结构的管板孔结构,即贯通螺纹孔结构和半贯通螺纹孔结构。
建立了一套实验装置,对三种耐压模型:软填料密封模型、O形圈密封模型和凹V形圈密封模型进行了实验研究。以聚四氟乙烯盘根、聚四氟乙烯生料带、橡胶O形圈、硅胶O形圈、橡胶凹V形圈等为填料,分别对两种开孔型式的管板进行了密封耐压试验,对影响密封的四个影响因素:预紧比压、填料层厚度、介质温度、填料材料性能进行了实验研究。
实验结果表明,该连接技术在两种管板结构均能实现密封,半贯通螺纹式管板孔结构比贯通螺纹式管板孔结构要好。其中V形组合圈是最好的密封填料,可以在20N·M扭矩下,承压能力超过1.0MPa ;预紧比压对密封起到决定性作用,增大预紧比压能有效增强密封效果;在填料层厚度比较低时增大填料层厚度能显著提高密封效果;当介质温度不太高时,介质温度对该结构密封性能影响不大;填料材料性能对该结构密封性能影响很大,回弹性高、致密度高的材料密封效果比较好。
There are expansion, welding, expansion and welding, sealant connection, high elasticity rubber connection, integrity in tube to tube-sheet connection. For FRP combinatorial heat exchanger, expansion, welding, expansion and welding are hardly used in the tube to tube-sheet connection. Sealant connection has many obvious shortcomings such as high thermal stress and maintenance inconvenience. Integrity connection technology has disadvantage in manufacture . In these reasons, this article experimental study on a new nonmetal active connection in different material .
According to heat exchanger factory's manufacturing capacity, two kind of different structure tube plate hole structure, namely penetration threaded hole structure and half penetration threaded hole structure, had been designed.
Designed a set of test equipment, and established three kinds of pressure resistance model: packing sealing model, O-ring sealing model and V-ring sealing model. Then, the author took soft packing, rubber O-ring, silica gel O-ring, rubber V-ring and asbestos rope as padding, did press experiment and studied on four factors: pre-tightening stress, thickness of packing, medium’s temperature and packing’s performance which influenced the sealing capability.
The experimental results indicate that: this sealing technology can be used in these two tube-sheet structures, and the sealing effect of stepped tube-sheet hole structure is better than the worm tube-sheet hole structure. V-ring is the most best packing in these packings, it can bear 1.0MPa in 20N·m. Pre-tightening stress is the crucial influencing factor. Increase the pre-tightening stress can enhance the sealing effect. Increase the packing’s thickness can greatly improve the sealing effect when the packing thickness is thin. Medium temperature can hardly influence the effect of sealing when the temperature is below 95℃. The material’s performance can influence the effect of sealing, the material with high resilience, low elastic modulus and high density has better effect of sealing than the other.
根据制造换热器厂家的制造能力,笔者设计了两种不同结构的管板孔结构,即贯通螺纹孔结构和半贯通螺纹孔结构。
建立了一套实验装置,对三种耐压模型:软填料密封模型、O形圈密封模型和凹V形圈密封模型进行了实验研究。以聚四氟乙烯盘根、聚四氟乙烯生料带、橡胶O形圈、硅胶O形圈、橡胶凹V形圈等为填料,分别对两种开孔型式的管板进行了密封耐压试验,对影响密封的四个影响因素:预紧比压、填料层厚度、介质温度、填料材料性能进行了实验研究。
实验结果表明,该连接技术在两种管板结构均能实现密封,半贯通螺纹式管板孔结构比贯通螺纹式管板孔结构要好。其中V形组合圈是最好的密封填料,可以在20N·M扭矩下,承压能力超过1.0MPa ;预紧比压对密封起到决定性作用,增大预紧比压能有效增强密封效果;在填料层厚度比较低时增大填料层厚度能显著提高密封效果;当介质温度不太高时,介质温度对该结构密封性能影响不大;填料材料性能对该结构密封性能影响很大,回弹性高、致密度高的材料密封效果比较好。
There are expansion, welding, expansion and welding, sealant connection, high elasticity rubber connection, integrity in tube to tube-sheet connection. For FRP combinatorial heat exchanger, expansion, welding, expansion and welding are hardly used in the tube to tube-sheet connection. Sealant connection has many obvious shortcomings such as high thermal stress and maintenance inconvenience. Integrity connection technology has disadvantage in manufacture . In these reasons, this article experimental study on a new nonmetal active connection in different material .
According to heat exchanger factory's manufacturing capacity, two kind of different structure tube plate hole structure, namely penetration threaded hole structure and half penetration threaded hole structure, had been designed.
Designed a set of test equipment, and established three kinds of pressure resistance model: packing sealing model, O-ring sealing model and V-ring sealing model. Then, the author took soft packing, rubber O-ring, silica gel O-ring, rubber V-ring and asbestos rope as padding, did press experiment and studied on four factors: pre-tightening stress, thickness of packing, medium’s temperature and packing’s performance which influenced the sealing capability.
The experimental results indicate that: this sealing technology can be used in these two tube-sheet structures, and the sealing effect of stepped tube-sheet hole structure is better than the worm tube-sheet hole structure. V-ring is the most best packing in these packings, it can bear 1.0MPa in 20N·m. Pre-tightening stress is the crucial influencing factor. Increase the pre-tightening stress can enhance the sealing effect. Increase the packing’s thickness can greatly improve the sealing effect when the packing thickness is thin. Medium temperature can hardly influence the effect of sealing when the temperature is below 95℃. The material’s performance can influence the effect of sealing, the material with high resilience, low elastic modulus and high density has better effect of sealing than the other.
引文
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