西北干旱区黑河中游土壤有机碳分布及其变化机制研究
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摘要
论文以我国西北干旱区第二大内陆河流域—黑河流域的中游为例，从土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳三个方面入手，研究了土壤有机碳的空间分布、土壤有机碳与土壤性质和气候条件之间的关系、农耕措施对土壤有机碳的影响、土壤碳库和碳密度的确定及其空间变化规律，揭示了干旱区土壤有机碳的变化机理和变化模式。主要得出以下的结论：
1．随着深度的增加，剖面上土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳含量逐渐降低，其中土壤惰性有机碳的含量受土壤总有机碳含量的影响大于活性有机碳。空间上，土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳呈现出有规律的变化趋势，从三者的变化来说，耕作区既是有机碳含量高、集中分布的区域，也是有机碳易发生变化的区域。
2．土壤有机碳含量与土壤容重、土壤PH值、不同粒径含量关系显著。其中，土壤类型转变为耕地后，主要是对10-50μm、50-250μm、250．1000μm的土壤颗粒的含量影响大，而对＜1μm、1-5μm的粒径含量影响小。研究发现，自然土壤经过人工熟化培育过程后，土壤粒径组成发生了显著变化，并影响土壤中有机碳含量的变化。
3．农田的耕作历史、种植结构、施肥制度和土地利用方式显著的影响着土壤剖面上有机碳的含量，合理的农耕措施可提高土壤中有机碳的含量。随着耕作时间的增加，是剖面上土壤有机碳含量增加的过程，呈现老地＞新地＞荒地；不同作物类型下土壤有机碳含量由高到低依次为：油菜地(耕作栗钙土)＞豆类作物地＞一般玉米地＞制种玉米地＞小麦地、棉花地、大麦地。有机肥和作物根茬还田提高了土壤中有机碳的含量。土地利用类型由自然转化为耕地后，剖面上有机碳的含量升高。
4．研究区内1m深度土壤总有机碳库总量为94.719Tg，活性有机碳库总量为45.118Tg，惰性有机碳库总量为49.601Tg。从碳库总量来说，活性有机碳库占总有机碳库总量的47.63％，惰性有机碳库占总有机碳库的52.36％。土地利用变化后影响着土壤剖面上总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳的碳密度和碳库。分析发现，旱地、水田、城镇用地、中覆盖度草地、盐碱地、裸土地、戈壁、沙地是区内广泛分布的景观类型，它们覆盖的土壤类型剖面上土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳的碳密度差异性大，这些景观类型之间的相互转化直接影响和驱动着土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳的变化。由于耕灌作用，分别使黑河中游绿洲总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳的储量增加了19.998 Tg、8.334Tg、11.78Tg。
The thesis is designed to explore the spatial distribution and mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) in Middle of Heihe River, in Arid area of Northwest China. The main conclusions are as follow:
1. Soil profile SOC vertical distribution is gradually decreased with the depth increasing at the depth of 100cm, and content of non-active organic carbon (NOC) is more affected by the total soil organic carbon (TOC) than that of the active organic carbon (AOC). Spatial variation and distribution of SOC, AOC and NOC show the disciplinary trend. Finally, we obtain that the cultivated region is not only the high and centralized section of SOC content, but also the labile section.
2. There is significant relationship between SOC and soil bulk density, PH value, different soil particle size content. The results show that the content of 10-50μm、50-250μm、250-1000μm particle size are affected after the others' soil types were changed to the cultivated plots. According to the result, we find the content of different soil particle size and SOC is significant variety by peoples' foster.
3. Property cultivated measures may increase SOC content. SOC content is increasing in soil profile with the time of cultivation. The contribution of SOC content under the different crop is as follow from high to low in turn: cole plot (the cultivate chestnut soil), legume plot, general corn plot, corn plot of making seed, wheat (cotteon, barley) plot. Returning of organic manures and crop stubble enhance the content of SOC. The changing land-use from other's types to the cultivated plots makes the SOC content increase.
4. TOC, AOC and NOC pool is 94.719Tg, 45.118Tg, 49.601Tg in the depth of 100cm in the
study area, respectively. TOC contains 47.63% AOC and 52.36% NOC. According to the analysis, we find the changing land-use obviously alter the density and pool of soil organic carbon. The landscape of the dry land, paddy field, Urban land-use, the middle density grassland, the saline-alkali field, the nakeeness land, the desert, the sandlot extensively distribute the Middle of Heihe River, the otherness of the organic carbon density including TOC, AOC and NOC is great among them. So the translation among the above landscape directly impact and drive the changing of TOC, AOC and NOC. Finally, we estimate the increment of SOC pool for the cultivated role, the result show that the storage of TOC, AOC and NOC is increased 19.998 Tg, 8.334Tg and 11.78Tg, respectively.
1．随着深度的增加，剖面上土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳含量逐渐降低，其中土壤惰性有机碳的含量受土壤总有机碳含量的影响大于活性有机碳。空间上，土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳呈现出有规律的变化趋势，从三者的变化来说，耕作区既是有机碳含量高、集中分布的区域，也是有机碳易发生变化的区域。
2．土壤有机碳含量与土壤容重、土壤PH值、不同粒径含量关系显著。其中，土壤类型转变为耕地后，主要是对10-50μm、50-250μm、250．1000μm的土壤颗粒的含量影响大，而对＜1μm、1-5μm的粒径含量影响小。研究发现，自然土壤经过人工熟化培育过程后，土壤粒径组成发生了显著变化，并影响土壤中有机碳含量的变化。
3．农田的耕作历史、种植结构、施肥制度和土地利用方式显著的影响着土壤剖面上有机碳的含量，合理的农耕措施可提高土壤中有机碳的含量。随着耕作时间的增加，是剖面上土壤有机碳含量增加的过程，呈现老地＞新地＞荒地；不同作物类型下土壤有机碳含量由高到低依次为：油菜地(耕作栗钙土)＞豆类作物地＞一般玉米地＞制种玉米地＞小麦地、棉花地、大麦地。有机肥和作物根茬还田提高了土壤中有机碳的含量。土地利用类型由自然转化为耕地后，剖面上有机碳的含量升高。
4．研究区内1m深度土壤总有机碳库总量为94.719Tg，活性有机碳库总量为45.118Tg，惰性有机碳库总量为49.601Tg。从碳库总量来说，活性有机碳库占总有机碳库总量的47.63％，惰性有机碳库占总有机碳库的52.36％。土地利用变化后影响着土壤剖面上总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳的碳密度和碳库。分析发现，旱地、水田、城镇用地、中覆盖度草地、盐碱地、裸土地、戈壁、沙地是区内广泛分布的景观类型，它们覆盖的土壤类型剖面上土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳的碳密度差异性大，这些景观类型之间的相互转化直接影响和驱动着土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳的变化。由于耕灌作用，分别使黑河中游绿洲总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳的储量增加了19.998 Tg、8.334Tg、11.78Tg。
The thesis is designed to explore the spatial distribution and mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) in Middle of Heihe River, in Arid area of Northwest China. The main conclusions are as follow:
1. Soil profile SOC vertical distribution is gradually decreased with the depth increasing at the depth of 100cm, and content of non-active organic carbon (NOC) is more affected by the total soil organic carbon (TOC) than that of the active organic carbon (AOC). Spatial variation and distribution of SOC, AOC and NOC show the disciplinary trend. Finally, we obtain that the cultivated region is not only the high and centralized section of SOC content, but also the labile section.
2. There is significant relationship between SOC and soil bulk density, PH value, different soil particle size content. The results show that the content of 10-50μm、50-250μm、250-1000μm particle size are affected after the others' soil types were changed to the cultivated plots. According to the result, we find the content of different soil particle size and SOC is significant variety by peoples' foster.
3. Property cultivated measures may increase SOC content. SOC content is increasing in soil profile with the time of cultivation. The contribution of SOC content under the different crop is as follow from high to low in turn: cole plot (the cultivate chestnut soil), legume plot, general corn plot, corn plot of making seed, wheat (cotteon, barley) plot. Returning of organic manures and crop stubble enhance the content of SOC. The changing land-use from other's types to the cultivated plots makes the SOC content increase.
4. TOC, AOC and NOC pool is 94.719Tg, 45.118Tg, 49.601Tg in the depth of 100cm in the
study area, respectively. TOC contains 47.63% AOC and 52.36% NOC. According to the analysis, we find the changing land-use obviously alter the density and pool of soil organic carbon. The landscape of the dry land, paddy field, Urban land-use, the middle density grassland, the saline-alkali field, the nakeeness land, the desert, the sandlot extensively distribute the Middle of Heihe River, the otherness of the organic carbon density including TOC, AOC and NOC is great among them. So the translation among the above landscape directly impact and drive the changing of TOC, AOC and NOC. Finally, we estimate the increment of SOC pool for the cultivated role, the result show that the storage of TOC, AOC and NOC is increased 19.998 Tg, 8.334Tg and 11.78Tg, respectively.
引文
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