我国省级碳排放配额的制度优化研究
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摘要
我国在哥本哈根会议上提出，到2020年降低40-45%的碳强度减排目标使中国站在全球应对气候变化队伍的前列。如何在实现经济、社会和环境协调发展的同时推动该减排目标的实现就成为我国现阶段亟需解决的问题。考虑到我国尚处于工业化和现代化发展阶段,人均碳排放量还较低的国情，本文拟在比较分析国际碳排放配额理论及相关实践经验的基础上，结合我国国家环境保护部确立的，关于在“十一五”期间对二氧化硫和化学需氧量排污配额分配的相关制度，借鉴我国浙江省嘉兴地区排污配额交易的相关实践，在确保我国发展权的前提下，在国内以省级区域试点的方式开展碳排放配额的制度优化研究，包括碳强度减排目标，减排实施范围，碳排放配额的分配方式，流动性条款的设置，监测、报告、核证及惩罚机制的确立，配额交易市场的构建及交易产品的开发等，为我国碳强度减排提供操作策略和实施路径选择。本文的创新主要有以下几点：
第一、我国关于碳强度减排的研究起步比较晚，且主要限于国家层面，本论文拟根据我国省级区域发展现状，将中国分为东、中、西、东北部四大区域，在对其经济发展水平和碳排放强度进行考察的基础上，对碳强度进行了预测，并提出了碳强度减排实施路径的建议，实现了研究角度的创新。
第二、本论文利用制度经济学、法律经济学、环境经济学等多学科的理论和方法，运用Eviews软件对我国各省级区域的人均碳排放和人均收入关系进行分析，并提出以人均碳排放原则作为我国国内碳排放配额的分配依据，进而将国家基于GDP经济发展总量的相对碳强度减排目标转化为各省级区域的强制性总量减排目标，实现了研究方法的创新。
第三、本论文拟从市场激励的角度，在完善我国清洁发展机制的基础上构建全国统一的碳排放配额交易市场，以及与之相配套的财政与税收激励、碳排放配额储存平台、配额交易产品和市场制度等一系列制度，实现了研究内容的创新。
China put forward a target of40-45%carbon intensity reduction in2020, whichenables China stand in the forefront of countries addressing climate change onCopenhagen Conference. How to achieve the emission reduction target of China aswell as the coordinated development of economic, society and environment havebecome urgent needs at the present stage. Considering the national conditions thatChina is still in the industrialization and modernization development process and percapita carbon emission is also relatively low, this paper intends to study the system ofcarbon emission quotas optimization in the domestic pilot provincial regions, on thebasis of comparative analysis of international carbon emission quotas theory andrelated practical experience, combined with the allocation system of sulfur dioxideemission and chemical oxygen demand quotas during the "Eleventh Five-Year" periodestablished by China's Ministry of Environmental Protection, and experiences fromemission quotas trading practice in the area of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, whileensuring China’s developing right. It includes the targets of carbon intensity reduction,the scope of emission reductions, the allocation of carbon emission quotas, theprescription of liquidity terms, the establishment of monitoring, reporting, verificationand punishment mechanism, the construction of quotas trading market and thedevelopment of trading products, in order to provide operational strategies and pathselections to implement China's carbon intensity reductions. The innovations of thispaper are mainly as follows:
First, the start of study on carbon intensity reductions in China is relatively late,and mainly confined to the national level. This pager intends to predict the carbonintensity of four regions of eastern, central, west, and northeast divided according toChina's provincial regional development status, on the basis of surveying theireconomic development levels and carbon emission intensities and implementationpaths of carbon intensity reductions are also recommended to achieve innovation inresearch perspective.
Second, this paper utilizes multi-disciplinary theories and methods of institutionaleconomics, law and economics, and environmental economics, and software Eviews to analyze the relation between per capita carbon emissions and per capita income inthe provincial regions of China. It also puts forward the principle of per capita carbonemissions as the basis of domestic quotas allocation, and then converts the relativecarbon intensity reduction target based on GDP to mandatory total emission reductiontargets of the provincial areas, which achieve innovation in research methods.
Third, this paper intends to build an unified national carbon emission quotastrading market as well as a series of matching system that includes financial and taxincentives, carbon emission quotas storage platforms, quotas trading products and themarket system etc., which achieve innovation in the research content.
第一、我国关于碳强度减排的研究起步比较晚，且主要限于国家层面，本论文拟根据我国省级区域发展现状，将中国分为东、中、西、东北部四大区域，在对其经济发展水平和碳排放强度进行考察的基础上，对碳强度进行了预测，并提出了碳强度减排实施路径的建议，实现了研究角度的创新。
第二、本论文利用制度经济学、法律经济学、环境经济学等多学科的理论和方法，运用Eviews软件对我国各省级区域的人均碳排放和人均收入关系进行分析，并提出以人均碳排放原则作为我国国内碳排放配额的分配依据，进而将国家基于GDP经济发展总量的相对碳强度减排目标转化为各省级区域的强制性总量减排目标，实现了研究方法的创新。
第三、本论文拟从市场激励的角度，在完善我国清洁发展机制的基础上构建全国统一的碳排放配额交易市场，以及与之相配套的财政与税收激励、碳排放配额储存平台、配额交易产品和市场制度等一系列制度，实现了研究内容的创新。
China put forward a target of40-45%carbon intensity reduction in2020, whichenables China stand in the forefront of countries addressing climate change onCopenhagen Conference. How to achieve the emission reduction target of China aswell as the coordinated development of economic, society and environment havebecome urgent needs at the present stage. Considering the national conditions thatChina is still in the industrialization and modernization development process and percapita carbon emission is also relatively low, this paper intends to study the system ofcarbon emission quotas optimization in the domestic pilot provincial regions, on thebasis of comparative analysis of international carbon emission quotas theory andrelated practical experience, combined with the allocation system of sulfur dioxideemission and chemical oxygen demand quotas during the "Eleventh Five-Year" periodestablished by China's Ministry of Environmental Protection, and experiences fromemission quotas trading practice in the area of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, whileensuring China’s developing right. It includes the targets of carbon intensity reduction,the scope of emission reductions, the allocation of carbon emission quotas, theprescription of liquidity terms, the establishment of monitoring, reporting, verificationand punishment mechanism, the construction of quotas trading market and thedevelopment of trading products, in order to provide operational strategies and pathselections to implement China's carbon intensity reductions. The innovations of thispaper are mainly as follows:
First, the start of study on carbon intensity reductions in China is relatively late,and mainly confined to the national level. This pager intends to predict the carbonintensity of four regions of eastern, central, west, and northeast divided according toChina's provincial regional development status, on the basis of surveying theireconomic development levels and carbon emission intensities and implementationpaths of carbon intensity reductions are also recommended to achieve innovation inresearch perspective.
Second, this paper utilizes multi-disciplinary theories and methods of institutionaleconomics, law and economics, and environmental economics, and software Eviews to analyze the relation between per capita carbon emissions and per capita income inthe provincial regions of China. It also puts forward the principle of per capita carbonemissions as the basis of domestic quotas allocation, and then converts the relativecarbon intensity reduction target based on GDP to mandatory total emission reductiontargets of the provincial areas, which achieve innovation in research methods.
Third, this paper intends to build an unified national carbon emission quotastrading market as well as a series of matching system that includes financial and taxincentives, carbon emission quotas storage platforms, quotas trading products and themarket system etc., which achieve innovation in the research content.
引文
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