超细碳氮化钛基金属陶瓷的微波烧结工艺与性能
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摘要
TiCN基金属陶瓷因其具有高的硬度、很好的耐磨性和红硬性、优良的热导率、以及良好的化学稳定性和抗粘结能力,是一种极具潜力的刀具材料。本论文采用球磨方法制备了TiCN超细粉末,采用微波烧结技术制备了超细TiCN基金属陶瓷以及纳米复合超细TiCN基金属陶瓷;考察了不同球磨时间下粉末粒度的分布情况,分析了球料比和球磨时间对TiCN粉末粒度的影响,研究了烧结温度、保温时间和纳米粒子添加量对材料组织与性能的影响规律;并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)(带EDS)观察并分析了TiCN粉末的形貌、超细TiCN基金属陶瓷的断口组织及其元素分布,得出如下研究结果:
1.采用球磨工艺可有效制备TiCN超细粉末;随着球料比和球磨时间的增加,粉末平均粒径均出现先减小后增大的趋势,球料比为8:1时球磨50h可获得平均粒径为0.84μm的类球形TiCN超细粉末。
2.采用微波烧结技术可以制备出晶粒细小、组织均匀、性能优异的超细金属陶瓷。随着烧结温度的升高,超细金属陶瓷的收缩率、致密度、抗弯强度和硬度均先增大后减小,在1500℃时出现极大值;超细金属陶瓷合适的微波烧结工艺为1500℃保温30min,此时其抗弯强度和硬度值分别为1547MPa和90.6HRA,与常规烧结相比分别提高了24.0%和0.7%。
3.随着烧结温度的升高,纳米Al_2O_3复合超细金属陶瓷的线收缩率、致密度、抗弯强度和硬度均先增大后减小,在1500℃时出现极大值;纳米Al_2O_3复合超细金属陶瓷合适的微波烧结工艺为1500℃保温30min;实验中纳米Al_2O_3的添加反而降低了超细金属陶瓷的力学性能,其原因主要是纳米Al_2O_3在超细金属陶瓷内发生了严重的团聚。
4.随着烧结温度的升高,纳米Si_3N_4复合超细金属陶瓷的线收缩率、致密度、抗弯强度和硬度均先增大后减小,在1500℃时出现极大值;纳米Si_3N_4复合超细金属陶瓷合适的微波烧结工艺为1500℃保温30min。
5.随着纳米Si_3N_4添加量的增加,材料的抗弯强度和硬度均先增大后减小,当纳米Si_3N_4的添加量为2.0%时,材料具有最佳的力学性能,此时其抗弯强度和硬度分别为1749MPa和91.8HRA,较未添加纳米材料的超细金属陶瓷分别提高13.1%和1.3%。纳米Si_3N_4复合超细金属陶瓷的断裂方式为沿晶断裂和少量大颗粒硬质相的穿晶断裂,其强化机制为细晶强化和弥散强化。
Because of their high hardness, excellent wear resistance, red-hardness, thermal conductivity, chemical stability and bond resisitance ability, TiCN matrix cermets are considered as an extremely potential cutting material. In this paper, the ultra-fine TiCN powders were prepared by ball milling method. The size distribution of TiCN particles milled for different times was tested and the effect of ball-powders ratio and milling time on the average particle size of TiCN powders was analyzed. Ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets reforced by nano-particle were prepared by a microwave sintering. The effect of sintering temperature, holding time and the addition of nanoparticle on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets were studied. Simultaneously, both the micrographs of TiCN powders and the microstructures and distribution of elements of fracture surface of ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets and their nanocomposite cermets were observed and investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDS. The results are shown as follows:
1.The ultra-fine TiCN powders were effectively prepared by ball milling. With the increasing of ball-powders ratio and milling time, the average particle size reduces first and then rises, and when milled for 50h with ball-powders ratio of 8:1, the ultra fine spheroidal powders of TiCN with the average size of 0.84μm can be obtained.
2.Ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets were prepared by a microwave sintering. With the increasing of sintering temperature, the shrinkage rate, relative density, bending strength and hardness of the cermets all rise first and then reduce. And the ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets sintered at 1500℃for 30 minutes shows small grains, homogeneous microstructures, and excellent properties with 1547MPa of bending strength and 90.6HRA of hardness, which are increased 24.0% and 0.7%, respectively, compared with that of the cermets prepared by convention sintering.
3.With the increasing of sintering temperature, the shrinkage rate, relative density, bending strength and hardness of the cermets reforced by nano-Al_2O_3 all rise first and then reduce, the maximal value appeared when the temperature is 1500℃, and the suitable microwave technology is 1500℃for 30min. In this experiment, the addition of nano-Al_2O_3 reduces the mechanical properties of ultra-fine cermets which is due to nano- Al_2O_3’s conglobation.
4.With the increasing of sintering temperature, the shrinkage rate, relative density, bending strength and hardness of cermets reforced by nano-Si_3N_4 all rise first and then reduce, the maximal value appears when the temperature is 1500℃, and the suitable microwave technology is 1500℃for 30min.
5.With the increasing of the addition of nano-Si_3N_4, the bending strength and hardness of the cermets both rise first and then reduce. When the addition of nano-Si_3N_4 is 2.0vol%, the ultra-fine cermets shows excellent properties with 1749MPa of bending strength and 91.8HRA of hardness. Compared with these of the ultra-fine cermets without nanoparticles, a bending strength and hardness are increased 13.1% and 1.3% respectively. The fracture mode of ultra-fine cermets reforced by nano-Si_3N_4 is intercrystalline fracture and a little transcrystalline fracture of large grained hard phase, and the strengthening mechanism is grain refining and dispersion strengthening.
1.采用球磨工艺可有效制备TiCN超细粉末;随着球料比和球磨时间的增加,粉末平均粒径均出现先减小后增大的趋势,球料比为8:1时球磨50h可获得平均粒径为0.84μm的类球形TiCN超细粉末。
2.采用微波烧结技术可以制备出晶粒细小、组织均匀、性能优异的超细金属陶瓷。随着烧结温度的升高,超细金属陶瓷的收缩率、致密度、抗弯强度和硬度均先增大后减小,在1500℃时出现极大值;超细金属陶瓷合适的微波烧结工艺为1500℃保温30min,此时其抗弯强度和硬度值分别为1547MPa和90.6HRA,与常规烧结相比分别提高了24.0%和0.7%。
3.随着烧结温度的升高,纳米Al_2O_3复合超细金属陶瓷的线收缩率、致密度、抗弯强度和硬度均先增大后减小,在1500℃时出现极大值;纳米Al_2O_3复合超细金属陶瓷合适的微波烧结工艺为1500℃保温30min;实验中纳米Al_2O_3的添加反而降低了超细金属陶瓷的力学性能,其原因主要是纳米Al_2O_3在超细金属陶瓷内发生了严重的团聚。
4.随着烧结温度的升高,纳米Si_3N_4复合超细金属陶瓷的线收缩率、致密度、抗弯强度和硬度均先增大后减小,在1500℃时出现极大值;纳米Si_3N_4复合超细金属陶瓷合适的微波烧结工艺为1500℃保温30min。
5.随着纳米Si_3N_4添加量的增加,材料的抗弯强度和硬度均先增大后减小,当纳米Si_3N_4的添加量为2.0%时,材料具有最佳的力学性能,此时其抗弯强度和硬度分别为1749MPa和91.8HRA,较未添加纳米材料的超细金属陶瓷分别提高13.1%和1.3%。纳米Si_3N_4复合超细金属陶瓷的断裂方式为沿晶断裂和少量大颗粒硬质相的穿晶断裂,其强化机制为细晶强化和弥散强化。
Because of their high hardness, excellent wear resistance, red-hardness, thermal conductivity, chemical stability and bond resisitance ability, TiCN matrix cermets are considered as an extremely potential cutting material. In this paper, the ultra-fine TiCN powders were prepared by ball milling method. The size distribution of TiCN particles milled for different times was tested and the effect of ball-powders ratio and milling time on the average particle size of TiCN powders was analyzed. Ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets reforced by nano-particle were prepared by a microwave sintering. The effect of sintering temperature, holding time and the addition of nanoparticle on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets were studied. Simultaneously, both the micrographs of TiCN powders and the microstructures and distribution of elements of fracture surface of ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets and their nanocomposite cermets were observed and investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDS. The results are shown as follows:
1.The ultra-fine TiCN powders were effectively prepared by ball milling. With the increasing of ball-powders ratio and milling time, the average particle size reduces first and then rises, and when milled for 50h with ball-powders ratio of 8:1, the ultra fine spheroidal powders of TiCN with the average size of 0.84μm can be obtained.
2.Ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets were prepared by a microwave sintering. With the increasing of sintering temperature, the shrinkage rate, relative density, bending strength and hardness of the cermets all rise first and then reduce. And the ultra-fine TiCN matrix cermets sintered at 1500℃for 30 minutes shows small grains, homogeneous microstructures, and excellent properties with 1547MPa of bending strength and 90.6HRA of hardness, which are increased 24.0% and 0.7%, respectively, compared with that of the cermets prepared by convention sintering.
3.With the increasing of sintering temperature, the shrinkage rate, relative density, bending strength and hardness of the cermets reforced by nano-Al_2O_3 all rise first and then reduce, the maximal value appeared when the temperature is 1500℃, and the suitable microwave technology is 1500℃for 30min. In this experiment, the addition of nano-Al_2O_3 reduces the mechanical properties of ultra-fine cermets which is due to nano- Al_2O_3’s conglobation.
4.With the increasing of sintering temperature, the shrinkage rate, relative density, bending strength and hardness of cermets reforced by nano-Si_3N_4 all rise first and then reduce, the maximal value appears when the temperature is 1500℃, and the suitable microwave technology is 1500℃for 30min.
5.With the increasing of the addition of nano-Si_3N_4, the bending strength and hardness of the cermets both rise first and then reduce. When the addition of nano-Si_3N_4 is 2.0vol%, the ultra-fine cermets shows excellent properties with 1749MPa of bending strength and 91.8HRA of hardness. Compared with these of the ultra-fine cermets without nanoparticles, a bending strength and hardness are increased 13.1% and 1.3% respectively. The fracture mode of ultra-fine cermets reforced by nano-Si_3N_4 is intercrystalline fracture and a little transcrystalline fracture of large grained hard phase, and the strengthening mechanism is grain refining and dispersion strengthening.
引文
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